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bye brag smra ba'i gyes pa bco brgyad;བྱེ་བྲག་སྨྲ་བའི་གྱེས་པ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་;eighteen sects of the Vaibhāṣika;eighteen sects of the vaibhāṣika;Pūrvaśaila, Aparaśaila, Haimavata, Lokottaravāda, Prajñāptivāda (all Mahāsāṃghika), Sarvāstivāda, Kāśyapīya, Mahlśāsaka, Dharmaguptaka, Bahuśrutīya, Tāmraśāṭīya, Vibhajyavāda (all Sarvāstivāda), Jaitavanīya, Abhayagirīvāsīya, Mahāvihāravāsīya (all Sthavira), Kurukullaka, Āvantika, Vātsīputrīya (all Saṃmatīya). +
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grub pa siddha;གྲུབ་པ་སིདདྷ་;adept;adept;A ''bodhisattva'' who has, through tantric practice, gained both worldly and transmundane ''. The great adepts of medieval India, whose lifestories are both colorful and inspirational, were instrumental in transmitting the tantras and are at the source of many Tibetan practice lineages. +
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gnas brtan bcu drug;གནས་བརྟན་བཅུ་དྲུག་;sixteen arhats;sixteen arhats;Piṇḍola Bharadvaja, Ajita, Subinda, Kalika, Vajraputra, BKadra, Kanakavatsa, Kanakabhadra, Nakula (Vakula), Rāhula, Chuḍapaṇṭhaka, Aṅgaja, Paṇṭhaka, Nāgascna, Jīvaka, Vanavasin. +
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''rang yod''/''rang grub'';རང་ཡོད། རང་གྲུབ;inherent existence/establishment;inherent existence/establishment;svabhāva/svasiddha;A quality of ''dharmas'' that, if they possessed it, would define them as permanent, partless, and independent. The notion of inherent existence (generally synonymous with true existence) is the primary object of refutation in ''Madhyamaka'' philosophy, and realization of dharmas’ ''emptiness'' of inherent existence is the necessary condition for the elimination of ''delusions'' and the attainment of ''liberation''. +
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lta ngan drug bcu re gnyis;ལྟ་ངན་དྲུག་བཅུ་རེ་གཉིས་;sixty-two debased views;sixty-two debased views;In, e.g., the ''Brahmajala Sutta'' of the ''Dīgha Nikāya'': four grounds for asserting the eternity of the self and world； four grounds for asserting the partial eternity and partial noneternity of the self and world;four grounds for asserting the finitude and infinitude of the self and world;four grounds for avoiding assertion altogether;two grounds for asserting origination through chance;sixteen assertions regarding the self after death, to the effect that it is healthy and conscious and either material, immaterial, both material and immaterial, neither material nor immaterial, finite, infinite, both, neither, of uniform perception, of varied perception, of limited perception, of unlimited perception, wholly happy wholly miserable, both, or neither； eight assertions regarding the self after death, to the effect that it is healthy and unconscious and either material, immaterial, both, neither, finite, infinite, both, or neither;eight assertions regarding the self after death, to the effect that it is healthy and unconscious and either material, immaterial, both, neither, finite, infinite, both, or neither;seven grounds for asserting the annihilation of the self after death;and five grounds for wrongly asserting the attainment of nirvana here and now. +
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lha chos bdun ldan;ལྷ་ཆོས་བདུན་ལྡན་;sevenfold deities and Dharmas;sevenfold deities and dharmas;In Kadam tradition： four deities— the Buddha, Avalokitcśvara, Tārā, and Acala— and the triple Dharma of the three sections of the Tripiṭaka. +
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’byung ba chen po bzhi;འབྱུང་བ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི་;four great elements;four great elements;Earth, water, fire, and air. +
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be'u bum brgyad;བེའུ་བུམ་བརྒྱད་;eight manuals;eight manuals;In Shijé the ''Manual of the Profound InitiaManual ofthe Root Identification, Manual ofthe Guidelines of the EarWhispered Lineage，Manual of the Vital Points of the Four Doors, Manual of tbe Vańous Magical Powers, Manual of the Profound Mantra) Manual of Dākiṇī Doctrine-Protector, and Manual of the Three-Part Royal Special Instruction''. +
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bye brag pa'i rtsa ba sde bzhi;བྱེ་བྲག་པའི་རྩ་བ་སྡེ་བཞི་;four basic schools of Vaibhāṣika;four basic schools of vaibhāṣika;Mahāsāṃghika, Sarvāstivāda, Sthavira, and Saṃmatīya. +
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dbang bskur;དབང་བསྐུར་;initiation;initiation;abhiṣeka;A tantric ritual anointment, coronation, or empowerment, in which a guru confers upon disciples the blessings of the practice lineage of a particular deity and allows them to undertake practices related to that deity. There are different types and categorizations of initiations, but all of them require that the disciple visualize the lama as the deity, make offerings, and undertake vows. +
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bye brag smra ba;བྱེ་བྲག་སྨྲ་བ་;Vaibhāṣika;According to Tibetan traditions, one of the two major Hinayana philosophical schools. Sometimes divided into eighteen subschools, the Vaibhāsika is most often identified with the Sarvāstivāda tradition typified by Vasubandhus ''Treasury of Higher Knowledge''. Vaibhāṣikas espouse ontological and epistemological realism, asserting that all ''dharmas'' exist and that sense cognitions directly encounter the objects that they cognize. +
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gra bcom pa;གྲ་བཅོམ་པ་;arhat;From a ''Hinayana'' perspective, any being who has eliminated all defilements, completed the path, and attained ''nirvana''. According to most Mahayanists, arhatship, while tranquil, is a goal inferior to the full ''buddhahood'' altruistically sought by the ''bodhisattva'', and arhats eventually will have to move beyond the limitations of their quiescent state. +
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shing rta chen po gnyis kyi lugs la mkhas pa'i bla ma gnyis;ཤིང་རྟ་ཆེན་པོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ལུགས་ལ་མཁས་པའི་བླ་མ་གཉིས་;two lamas who were expert in the systems of the two charioteers;two lamas who were expert in the systems of the two charioteers;In Kadam: Serlingpa and Vidyākokila +
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ting nge ’dzin;ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་;concentration;concentration;samādhi;In virtually all Indic traditions, a state in which one is deeply focused in meditation on a particular object. In Buddhism, concentration presupposes ''tranquil abiding'', and is roughly synonymous with ''meditative equipoise''. Concentrations are as various as the objects of meditation and may involve states of inner absorption, the mastery of extraordinary powers, or insight into the nature of things. +
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chos rgyal;ཆོས་རྒྱལ་;Dharma king;dharma king;dharmarāja;In general, an honorific term for an individual who has mastery of or is a great supporter of the Buddhist ''Dharma'';it also is an epithet of the lord of death, Yama. In a Tibetan context the term usually refers to a set of three great kings who helped to establish Buddhism in the land: Songtsen Gampo (617-49/50), Trisong Detsen (r. 755/56-97), and Ralpachen (r. 815-38). +
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rgya nag gi zhingsa chen po bcu gsum;རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ཞིངས་ཆེན་པོ་བཅུ་གསུམ་;thirteen great provinces of China;thirteen great provinces of china;Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Zhili, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guandong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Huguang. +
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skyes bu gsum;སྐྱེས་བུ་གསུམ་;three types of persons;three types of persons;See ''three persons'' +
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theg dman;ཐེག་དམན་;Hinayana;hinayana;hīnayāna;From the perspective of ''Mahayana'', the “lesser vehicle” teachings and practices expounded by the Buddha in his initial turning of the Dharma wheel. It sets as its ideal the ''nirvana'' of an ''arhat''. Philosophically, it is prone to realism, as expressed in two major schools ''Vaibhāṣika'' and ''Sautrāntika''. From the Tibetan point of view, Hinayana is foundational but is superseded by the Buddhas later Mahayana and ''secretmantra vehicle'' teachings. +
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lhag mthong;ལྷག་མཐོང་;superior insight;superior insight;vipaśyanā;One of two crucial attainments in Buddhist meditation, the other being ''tranquil abiding''. Superior insight involves a penetrating realization of the nature of reality, whether articulated in terms of the four noble truths, no-self, or ''emptiness''. Though based on intellectual analysis, superior insight is only effective in uprooting ''delusions'' if conjoined with tranquil abiding. +
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skyes mchod brgyad;སྐྱེས་མཆོད་བརྒྱད་;eight great men;eight great men;The eight immortals of Daoist tradition： Zhong Liquan, Zhang Guolao, Lu Dongbin, Li Tieguai, He Xiangu, Nan Caihc, Han Xiangzi, and Chao Guojiu. +
