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gshen;གཤེན་;shen;In Bön, a sacrificial officiant or “priest.” Applied more abstractly, the term also has connotations of ultimacy. +
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''tshogs'' [or ''rnam shes''] ''brgyad'';ཚོགས་ ༼རྣམ་ཤེས་༽ བརྒྱད་;eight consciousnesses;eight consciousnesses;In Yogācāra: consciousness related to eye, car, nose, tongue, body, mind, the afflicted mind, and the mind-basis-of-all. +
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de tsam lnga;དེ་ཙམ་ལྔ་;five sense objects;five sense objects;In Sāṃkhya: forms, sounds, smells, tastes, tangibles. +
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dga bzhi;དག་བཞི་;four joys;four joys;On the completion stage of highest yoga tantra (especially the mother tantras), four experiences induced by the movement of energies within the central channel: joy, ultimate joy, joy of cessation, and innate joy. +
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gzugs sku;གཟུགས་སྐུ་;form body;form body;rūpakāya;In the most general terms, a ''buddha's'' physical body, in contrast to the “body of Dharma” (''dharmakāya''). In ''Mahayana'', the form body is the aspect taken by dharmakāya for the sake of others. It is achieved through the accumulation of merit and is usually subdivided into the ''enjoyment body'' and ''emanation body''. +
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yig cha bzhi;ཡིག་ཆ་བཞི་;four textbooks;four textbooks;Ch. ''sishu'';In Confucian tradition： the ''Daxue'' (''Great Learning''), the ''Zhongyong'' (''Doctrine of the Mean''), the ''Lunyu'' (''Analects''), and the ''Mengzi'' (''Book of Mencius''). +
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las bzhi;ལས་བཞི་;four activities;four activities;In tantric traditions: peaceful, increasing, empowering, and wrathfiil. +
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phyag rgya chen po'i rnal ’byor bzhi;ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་བཞི་;four yogas of Mahāmudrā;four yogas of mahāmudrā;One-pointedness, nonelaboration, single taste, nonmeditation. +
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dbu ma;དབུ་མ་;Madhyamaka;With ''Cittamātra'', one of the two major ''Mahayana'' philosophical schools. Founded by Nāgārjuna, it focuses on the doctrine of ''emptiness'' expounded in the perfection of wisdom literature. Madhyamaka was the most influential single philosophical tradition in Tibet and spread in other parts of the Mahayana world as well. +
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sdug gsum;སྡུག་གསུམ་;three poisons;three poisons;Greed, hatred, and ignorance. +
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pha rgyud;ཕ་རྒྱུད་;father tantra;father tantra;In the four-tantra scheme recognized by most Tibetan new translation schools, one of two major types of tantra in the ''highest yoga tantra'' class. Father tantras (also known as method tantras) are said particularly to stress development of the ''illusory body'', which is a transformation of subtle physical energies. The primary father-tantra corpus is the Guhyasamāja;cycles related to Yamāntaka and Vajrabhairava are important, too. +
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chos sku;ཆོས་སྐུ་;dharmakāya;In earlier traditions, the corpus of the Buddhas teaching;in ''Mahayana'', the aspect of ''buddhahood'' that is equivalent to enlightened mind and is the basis of the ''enjoyment body'' and ''emanation body''. It sometimes is singular and sometimes is divided into a natural dharmakāya, which is a buddhas ''emptiness'' or suchness, and a_ gnostic dharmakāya, which is a buddhas perfect knowledge, compassion, power, and other positive qualities. +
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dka' bcu;དཀའ་བཅུ་;ten difficult texts;ten difficult texts;Dharmakīrti's ''Thorough Exposition of Valid Cognition Maitreya's Ornament of Higher Realization'', Guṇaprabha's ''Vinaya Sutra'', Asaṅga's ''Compendium of Abhidharma'', Nāgārjuna's ''Fundamental Treatise on the Middle Way'', Candrakīrti's ''Entering the Middle Way'', Āryadeva's ''Four Hundred Stanzas'', Maitreya's ''Sublime Continuum'', Vasubandhu's ''Treasury of Higher Knowledge'', and the ''Guhyasamāja Tantra''. +
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rig gnas bcu;རིག་གནས་བཅུ་;ten sciences;ten sciences;Linguistics, logic, medicine, arts and technology, “inner meaning” (i.e., Buddhism), grammar, poetic theory, prosody, drama, and lexicography. +
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rdo rje jigs byed kyi rnal ’byor bzhi;རྡོ་རྗེ་ཇིགས་བྱེད་ཀྱི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་བཞི་;four yogas of Vajrabhairava;four yogas of vajrabhairava;Mantra, commitment, form, and pure wisdom. +
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bsam gtan;བསམ་གཏན་;mental absorption;mental absorption;dhyāna;One of a series of increasingly concentrated states attained in ''placement meditation''. On the basis of the attainment of ''tranquil abiding'', one may pass through four form-world absorptions and four formless absorptions, with the ''meditative equipoise'' of cessation sometimes added as a ninth. Mental absorptions may result in yogic ''achievements'', but they do not assure ''liberation'' unless combined with ''superior insight'' into the nature of reality. +
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gsang mdzod gsum;གསང་མཛོད་གསུམ་;three secret treasuries;three secret treasuries;In Shijé： the guru secret treasury, meditational-deity secret treasury, and ḍākinī secret treasury. +
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shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i mdo gsum;ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་མདོ་གསུམ་;three perfection of wisdom sutras;three perfection of wisdom sutras;The extensive ''Perfection of Wisdom in a Hundred Thousand Verses'';the middle-length ''Perfection of Wisdom in Twenty-five Thousand Verses'';and the condensed ''Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Verses''. +
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theg pa gsum;ཐེག་པ་གསུམ་;three vehicles;three vehicles;The Hinayana, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. +
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mngon shes lnga;མངོན་ཤེས་ལྔ་;five supernormal powers;five supernormal powers;Five mundane attainments: retrocognition, clairvoyance, clairaudience, telepathy, and various physical powers. +
