gtsang legs grub;Lekdrub of Tsang;lekdrub of tsang;Vairotsana's companion on the journey to India. After receiving transmission from Shri Singha, he decided to return to Tibet but was killed by border guards. He reincarnated as Yudra Nyingpo in Tsawarong. +
theg dman;The fundamental system of Buddhist thought and practice deriving from the first turning of the wheel of Dharma and centering around the teachings on the Four Noble Truths and the twelvefold chain of dependent arising. +
lha srin sde brgyad;eight classes of gods and demons;eight classes of gods and demons;According to the sutras, these are the devas, nagas, yakshas, gandharvas, asuras, garudas, kinnaras, and mahoragas, all of whom were able to receive and practice the Buddha's teachings. These eight classes can also refer to eight types of mundane spirits that can help or harm but are invisible to human beings: ''ging, mara, tsen, yaksha, rakshasa, mamo, rahula'', and ''naga''. +
sde snod gsum;Tripitaka;The three collections of the words of the Buddha (Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma). Their purpose is the development of the three trainings of discipline, concentration, and discriminating knowledge, while their function is to remedy the three poisons of desire, anger, and ignorance. +
dbang;empowerment;empowerment;abhisheka;The authorization to practice the Vajrayana teachings, which is the indispensable entrance to tantric practice. It enables one to master one's innate vajra body, speech, and mind and regard forms as deities, sound as mantras, and thought as wisdom. +
dga' ldan;Tushita;Literally, "the Joyous." The name of the pure land of the thousand buddhas of this eon, inhabited only by bodhisattvas and buddhas. The heavenly realm in which Lord Maitreya resides awaiting his appearance in this world as the next Buddha. +
kun tu bzang mo;Samantabhadri;The consort of the primordial Buddha Samantabhadra. Their union symbolizes the inseparability of the phenomenal world and emptiness. +
sems nyid,dgongs pa'i bcud;mind essence;mind essence;The nature of one's mind, which is taught to be identical to the essence of all enlightened beings. It should be distinguished from "mind" (''sems''), which refers to ordinary discursive thinking based on ignorance of the nature of thought. +
thon mi sam bho tra;Thonmi Sambhota;thonmi sambhota;An emanation of Manjushri who was a minister of King Songtsen Gampo. Sent to India by Songtsen Gampo to study grammar and writing, on the basis of the Indian scripts he created the forms of the Tibetan letters and composed eight treatises on the Tibetan alphabet. +
shes rab gsum;three kinds of wisdom;three kinds of wisdom;The discriminating wisdoms resulting from hearing, contemplating, and practicing the teachings. +
dri med bshes gnyen;Vimalamitra;One of the greatest masters and scholars of Indian Buddhism. He went to Tibet in the ninth century where he taught and translated numerous Sanskrit texts. He was one of the principal sources, together with Guru Padmasambhava, of the Dzogchen teachings in Tibet. +
bskyed rdzogs;development and completion;development and completion;The two principal phases of tantric practice. The development stage (''bskyed rim'') involves meditation on sights, sounds, and thoughts as deities, mantras, and wisdom, respectively. The completion stage (''rdzogs rim'') refers to the dissolution of visualized forms into and the experience of emptiness. It also indicates meditation on the subtle channels, energies, and essential substances of the body. Development and completion may also refer to the first two inner tantras, Maha and Anu. +