lo tsa ba;locchava;lotsawa;lotsawa;Tibetan translators of the canonical texts who usually worked closely with Indian panditas. The title literally means "bilingual." +
zhi gnas;shamatha;Essentially a concentration in which the mind remains focused on an object of concentration. It is a state of calm abiding, which, though of great importance, is incapable unto itself of overcoming ignorance and the conception of a self. +
kLong dgu bam po nyi khri;Twenty Thousand Sections of the Ninefold Expanse;twenty thousand sections of the ninefold expanse;Important teachings of the Space Class. +
snub nam mka'i snying po;Nub Namkhai Nyingpo;nub namkhai nyingpo;One of the translators who were sent to India by King Trisong Deutsen in order to search for the teachings. Along with his companions he studied the Yangdag Heruka doctrine with Master Humkara. +
'khor ba;samsara;The wheel, or round, of existence;the state of being unenlightened in which the mind, enslaved by the three poisons of desire, anger, and ignorance, evolves uncontrolled from one state to another, passing through an endless stream of psychophysical experiences, all of which are characterized by suffering. +
rgyu mtshan nyid kyi bstan pa;causal philosophical teachings;causal philosophical teachings;The teachings of Hinayana and Mahayana that regard the practices of the path as the causes for attaining the fruition of liberation and enlightenment. +
ma ha ra dza;Maharaja;An abbot from Oddiyana who was one of the Dzogchen lineage masters. He was a disciple of Rabnang and the teacher of Princess Gomadevi. +
mkha' 'gro ma;dakini;Literally, "moving through space." The representation of wisdom in female form. There are several levels of dakinis: wisdom dakinis who have complete realization and worldly dakinis who possess various spiritual powers. The word is also used as a title for great women teachers and as a respectful form of addressing the wives of spiritual masters. +
che ba lnga;five greatnesses;five greatnesses;The greatness of direct manifestation of enlightenment;the greatness of enlightenment in the ultimate dimension of phenomena;the greatness of enlightenment in the dharmakaya;the greatness of enlightenment that proves its own nature;and the greatness of the absolute nonexistence of enlightenment. +
ngo sprod;pointing-out instruction;pointing-out instruction;The direct introduction to the nature of mind that is given by the root guru and leads to the recognition of mind nature. +
mar rgyan;Margyen;margyen;Red Ornament. This queen was the senior consort of Trisong Deutsen and bore him three sons. According to some sources, she poisoned her son Mune Tsenpo when he came to power because he married his father's younger consort Phoyongza. She was in favor of the Bon tradition and openly hostile to Buddhist teachers. +
dha he na ta lo;Dhahena Talo;A king of Oddiyana who was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Manjushrimitra. He was the father of Princess Parani and Prince Rajahasti, and the teacher of Rajahasti. +