lha tho tho ri snyan shal;Lha Thothori Nyenshel;lha thothori nyenshel;Born in 374 C.E., he was the first Dharma king of Tibet and the twenty-eighth hereditary king. He was also an emanation of the bodhisattva Samantabhadra. Also known as Lha Thothori Nyentsen. +
gnod sbyin mo byang chub ma;Yakshini Changchubma;One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, who was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Naga King Nanda. She was the teacher of the prostitute Barani. +
dgra bcom pa;arhat;Literally, "foe-destroyer," one who has vanquished the enemies of conflicting emotion and realized the nonexistence of the personal self, thus being forever free from the sufferings of samsara. Arhatship is the goal of the teachings of the Fundamental Vehicle, or Hinayana. +
drang srong;rishi;Name given to the great sages of Indian mythology, who were endowed with great longevity and magical powers and were instrumental in the creation, or reception, of the Vedas. In the Buddhist context, this word is usually translated as sage, hermit, or saint. +
drang don dang nges don;expedient and definitive meanings;expedient and definitive meanings;neyartha,nitharta;The expedient meaning refers to conventional teachings on the Four Noble Truths, karma, path, and result, which are designed to lead the practitioner to the definitive meaning, the insight into emptiness, suchness, and buddha-nature. +
zhing khams;buddha-field;buddha-field;A sphere or dimension manifested by a buddha or great bodhisattva in which beings may abide and progress toward enlightenment without ever falling back into lower states of existence. Also, any place seen as the pure manifestation of spontaneous wisdom is a buddha-field. +
pa gor he 'dod;Pagor Hedo;pagor hedo;Vairotsana's father, though some sources claim he was Vairotsana's uncle who adopted his nephew after the father died. +
dGongs 'dus;Embodiment of Realization;embodiment of realization;Abbreviation of the ''Scripture of the Embodiment of the Realization of All Buddhas'';the most important Anu Yoga scripture. +
ska ba dpal brtsegs;Kawa Paltsek;kawa paltsek;One of the Tibetan translators who were predicted by Padmasambhava at the time of Trisong Deutsen. While Vairotsana and Namkhai Nyingpo were sent to India, Kawa Paltsek stayed at Samye and translated the sutras and mantra teachings. Later, he went to India to invite Vimalamitra to Tibet. He is considered the second greatest translator and was one of the twenty-five close disciples of Padmasambhava. +
nang rgyud gsum;three inner tantras;three inner tantras;Maha, Anu, and Ati. These three tantra classes are the special characteristics of the Nyingma school of the early translation. They are also known as "development, completion, and Great Perfection," or as "tantras, scriptures, and instructions." +
zhabs tog gsum;three services;three services;The best service to one's guru is the offering of one's practice, mediocre service is to serve one's guru with body and speech, and inferior service is the offering of material things. +