sa bcu;ten levels;ten levels;This refers to the ten stages of a noble bodhisattva's development into a fully enlightened buddha. On each stage more subtle defilements are purified and a further degree of enlightened qualities is manifested. +
rigs;caste;caste;The traditional class distinction of Indian society associated with different psychological types and the kind of work or social function deemed appropriate to each. In the course of time, the caste system became extremely complex. Buddhist texts refer only to the original fourfold system and repudiate it in the sense of rejecting the idea, still current in Indian society, that such distinctions are immutably dictated by the circumstances of birth. These four classes are the royal or ruling class (''kshatriya, rgyal rigs''), the priestly class (''brahmin, bram bze rigs''), the merchant class (''yaishya, rjeʼn rigs''), and the menial class (''shudra, dmangs rigs''). +
dra ma lnga;five eminent beings;five eminent beings;The five eminent beings were a god called Renowned Chief Protector (Skt. ''Yasasvi Varapala''), a naga called Naga King Takshaka, a yaksha called Meteor Face (Skt. ''Ulkamukha''), an ogre called Skillful Intellect (Skt. ''Matyaupayiha''), and a human being called Stainless Reputation (Skt. ''Vimalakirti''). Some sources mention the god Indra in place of Vimalakirti. Through their supernatural cognitive powers these five noble beings knew that the Buddha had passed away and then miraculously gathered at Mount Malaya. +
rdo rje gdan;Bodhgaya;bodhgaya;vajrasana;Vajra seat. The place in Bihar, India, where all the buddhas of this eon have attained and will attain enlightenment. +
dmyal ba;hell;hell;naraka;One of the six realms where beings experience intense suffering as a result of past actions, especially those actions related to anger, such as killing. There are eighteen different hells, eight hot and eight cold as well as neighboring hells and ephemeral hells. +
shri sing ha;Shri Singha;The chief disciple and successor of Manjushrimitra in the lineage of the Dzogchen teachings. He extracted the tantras that had been concealed in Bodhgaya and went to China, where he classified the Ati Yoga Instruction Class into four cycles: outer, inner, secret, and innermost secret. His main disciples were Jnanasutra, Vimalamitra, Padmasambhava, and Vairotsana. +
gang zag snyan rgyud;hearing lineage of individuals;hearing lineage of individuals;The orally transmitted lineage through individuals in which it is necessary for the teacher to use words for the disciple to hear, rather than transmitting them mind-to-mind or through symbols. +
dha na ko sha;Dhanakosha;Treasury of Wealth. An island in Oddiyana, or present-day western India, encircled by many sublime kinds of trees, which is why it is called Treasury of Wealth. +
gter ma;terma;terma;Literally, "treasures." The transmission through concealed treasures hidden by Guru Rinpoche and Yeshe Tsogyal that are to be revealed at the proper time by a treasure revealer for the benefit of future disciples. It is one of the two chief traditions of the Nyingma school, the other being the Kahma tradition. This tradition is said to continue even long after the Vinaya of the Buddha will have disappeared. +
rdo rje theg pa;Vajrayana;The corpus of teachings and practices based on the tantras, scriptures that discourse upon the primordial purity of the mind. See Secret Mantra. +
mDo sde za ma tog bkod pa;Sutra Designed Line a Jewel Chest;sutra designed line a jewel chest;Karandavyuha-sutra;A scripture on Avalokiteshvara that comes in the Mani Kahbum of King Songtsen Gampo. +
theg pa brgyad;eight vehicles;eight vehicles;Of the nine vehicles these are the first eight, which depend on cause and effect. The nine vehicles comprise the three vehicles of the sutras — those of the shravakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas — and the six vehicles of Kriya, Upa, Yoga, Maha Yoga, Anu Yoga, and Ati Yoga tantras. They can also be grouped into three vehicles: Hinayana, which includes the first two;Mahayana, the third one;and Vajrayana, the last six. +
mkhan po rab snang;Abbot Rabnang;abbot rabnang;One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, who was a disciple of the prostitute Barani and the teacher of abbot Maharaja. +
lha min;asura;Demi-god, one of the six classes of beings in samsara. The asuras are usually considered to be similar to the gods with whom they are sometimes classified. Their dominant emotional characteristic is envy, and they are constantly at war with the gods, of whom they are jealous. +