'community, congregation'. The Saṅgha in which one takes Refuge is the Community of Saints, or ''Ārya'' Beings — those of the Hīnayāna, the ''Śrāvaka'' and ''Pratyekabuddha Āryas''; those of the Mahāyāna, the ''Ārya'' Bodhisattvas and Buddhas; and those of the Vajrayāna, the Heroes, ''Ḍākinīs'', etc. This is Ultimate Saṅgha; Relative Saṅgha is the community of ordained monks and nuns, which should be honoured as representing the actual Saṅgha Refuge just as Buddha-images and sacred texts should be revered as representing the actual Buddha and Dharma. +
in Skt the word is wider (see Action), but in English it means a willed action of body, speech or mind, and the impression or seed this leaves on one's personal continuum, which must eventually ripen and produce a result. +
Acacia catechu, a tree with very hard wood used for the points of ploughshares, the axle-pins of chariots, amulets, etc. Its resin is used medicinally. +
state of existence into which beings are born under the influence of their karma and defilements. The six destinies comprise three ill destinies, or bad migrations (''dur-gati, ngari 'gro or ngan song'') — hell-beings, ''pretas'' and animals — and three good destinies (''sugati, bde 'gro'') — gods, asuras and human beings. When five are spoken of, the gods and ''asuras'' are counted together +
the perfect, absolute, heavenly, divine wisdom, which will suddenly break forth from the bodies of terrifying gods in the shape of fire' (Jäschke), the transcendant knowledge of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas beyond the Seventh Stage; the tenth Perfection. Five W.-k.: see ''Kleśa''. +