dge 'dun;saṅgha;The third of the three jewels of refuge. In the narrow sense, saṅgha refers to Buddhist monks and nuns. In a mahāyāna sense, the mahāsaṅgha or greater saṅgha also includes the lay community. The vajra saṅgha includes vajrayāna practitioners who may be living as householders or as solitary yogins. The noble saṅgha, as an object of refuge, may also refer to the assembly of bodhisattvas and arhats, those who have attained realization. +
nges 'byung;renunciation;renunciation;Renunciation arises from insight into the hopelessness and poison of saṃsāra. It is often said in the nontheistic tradition that renunciation is not something you do;rather, out of your ·experience, renunciation comes to you. ''See also''revulsion. +
lung;reading transmission;reading transmission;A ceremony in which a master reads through a sādhana or liturgy, usually quite rapidly, thereby empowering the disciples to practice it. It is a type of permission-blessing. A lung may also be given on a text to be studied. ''See also'' abhiṣeka, permission-blessing, tri. +
rin chen,rgyal srid sna bdun;royal treasures of a universal monarch,seven;royal treasures of a universal monarch,seven;These are the precious: wheel (S: cakra;T: 'khor-lo), wish-fulfilling gem (S: cintāmaṇi;T: yid-bzhin-nor-bu), queen (S: stīlratna;T: btsun-mo), minister (S: gṛhapati;T: blon-po), elephant (S: hastiratna;T: giang-po), steed (S: aśvaratna;T: rta-mchog), and general (S: pariṇāyaka;T: dmag-dpon). +
kun tu bzang po;all-good;all-good;Samantabhadra;The primordial, dharmakāya buddha, blue in color and naked, often depicted in consort with Prajñā, who is white in color. +
sangs rgyas;awakened,enlightened;awakened,enlightened;buddh;May refer to the principle of enlightenment or to any enlightened being, in particular to Śākyamuni Buddha, the historical Buddha. +
ka rma bka' brgyud;Karma Kagyü;karma kagyü;That branch of the Kagyü lineage that traces back to Gampopa through Tüsum Khyenpa, the first Karmapa. The Karmapa is the head of the Karma Kagyü. ''See also'' Afterword: The Lineage and Its Teachings. +
sgra gcan;Rāhu;One of the heavenly bodies of Indian cosmology. Rahu originally was a demon who tried to capture the sun and moon but was subdued and is now said to be one of the planets. He is responsible for eclipses. +
bka' brgyud;command lineage;command lineage;"Ka" refers to the oral instructions of the guru. It carries a sense of enlightened vision, and therefore often has the connotation of command. ''See also'' Afterword: The Lineage and Its Teachings. +