Property:Gloss-def
From Buddha-Nature
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While ''rigpa'' can refer to ordinary, worldly knowledge, in the Nyingma lineage it is the primary term designating the inherent wisdom within, the awakened state itself. +
''See'' three yanas. +
Discourse of the Buddha. The Buddha is held to have given two sorts of teachings, sutras and tantras. Sutras are discourses on the conventional vehicles of Hinayana and Mahayana and include teachings on ethical conduct, the practice of meditation, Buddhist philosophy and psychology, and the like. +
The teachings and heritage of Shakyamuni Buddha. This term is preferred by many Asian and Western Buddhists, rather than the Western designation "Buddhism," because the latter term implies an "ism," a fixed entity, while "buddha-dharma" implies a living and ever-changing body of teaching, practice, and realization. +
One of the four "preliminary practices" (Tib. ''ngöndro'') carried out by practitioners aspiring to receive ''abhisheka'', or full initiation into the Vajrayana. +
One of the three principal celestial bodhisattvas in Tibet (including also Avalokiteshvara and Vajrapani). Manjushri is thought to be the essence of wisdom, and great scholars or teachers may be said to be the human incarnations of this bodhisattva. +
The guru is simply the person from whom one receives Buddhist instruction. While commonly one or a few teachers may play principal teaching roles in a person's life (functioning as "root guru," or "primary teacher"), Tibetans may have several individuals whom they think of as their lamas or gurus. +
"The Lord who looks down from on high (with compassion)." Considered the essence of compassion, Avalokiteshvara is one of the three most important celestial bodhisattvas in Tibetan Buddhism (Manjushri and Vajrapani are the other two). Certain high lamas, such as the Dalai Lamas and the Karmapas, are considered to be human embodiments of Avalokiteshvara. +
"Cutting through," the first stage of Dzogchen. +
''Samadhi'' is most often a general term comprising all forms of meditation. In this context, Buddhist texts speak of the Buddhist path as threefold, including ''shila'' (ethical conduct), ''samadhi'' (meditation), and ''prajna'' (knowledge). +
One of the four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism, founded by Tsongkhapa in the fourteenth century. Developing as a reform movement within the Kadam sect of Atisha (eleventh century), it has maintained its primary seat in Central Tibet and is the lineage of the Dalai Lamas. +
one of the six paramitas. ''See'' paramitas. +
The lineage deriving from the Indian ''siddha'' Tilopa (988-1069) and his Indian disciple Naropa (1016-1100). It was passed on to the first Tibetan holder of the lineage, Marpa (1012-1096), to his disciple Milarepa (1040-1123), and then on to Rechungpa, Gampopa, the Karmapas, and other Kagyü masters. +
A collection of Mahayana sutras or text in which the Buddha gives teachings on the meaning of ''shunyata'', emptiness. The earlier ''Prajnaparamita Sutras'' are among the earliest Mahayana compositions and later became the basis for the Madhyamaka school through Nagarjuna's influential commentaries on them. +
The eighth in the Nyingma stages of the path to enlightenment known as the nine ''yanas'', or vehicles. ''Anuyoga'' is particularly known for its practices of the inner yogas of the winds (''prana''), channels (''nadi''), and consciousness (''bindu''). +
The extinction of craving and its resulting grasping and fixation. Nirvana marks full realization or enlightenment in Buddhism. +
The three basic domains of Buddhist practice: ''shila'', or discipline; ''samadhi'', or meditation; and ''prajna'', or wisdom. +
"Being destined to enlightenment." The term originally referred to Shakyamuni Buddha, beginning when he first made the vow to attain complete and perfect enlightenment, through three incalculable eons of rebirths in which he developed wisdom and compassion, down to the moment in his final birth when he attained awakening. Subsequently, ''bodhisattva'' came to indicate the Mahayana practitioner. All Mahayanists, like the Buddha, have made the vow to follow the path to complete and perfect enlightenment, one day becoming a world-redeeming buddha like Shakyamuni and thereby accomplishing the maximum possible benefit to sentient beings. +
"Exertion," one of the six ''paramitas''. +
"Sending and taking," an important Mahayana contemplative practice to develop compassion for others. In the practice, one visualizes oneself taking in the suffering of others on the in-breath and sending them relief, peace, and happiness on the out-breath. +
