luminosity;luminosity;sal wa;sal wa;In the vajrayāna everything is void, but this voidness is not completely empty because it has luminosity. Luminosity or luminous clarity allows all phenomena to appear and is a characteristic of emptiness +
mahāmudrā;cha ja chert po;cha ja chert po;Literally means "great seal" and is the meditative transmission handed down especially by the Kagyu school. +
five aggregrates;five aggregrates;skandha;pung po nga;pung po nga;Literally "heaps" are the five basic transformations that perceptions undergo when an object is perceived. These are form, feeling, perception, formation, and consciousness. +
prajñā;she rab;she rab;In Sanskrit it means "perfect knowledge" and can mean wisdom, understanding, intelligence, discrimination, or judgement according to context. +
absolute truth;absolute truth;paramārtha satya;dondam;dondam;There are two truths or views of reality—relative truth which is seeing things as ordinary beings do with the dualism of "I" and "other" and absolute truth, also called ultimate truth, which is transcending duality and seeing things as they are. +
pratyekabuddha;rang sang gay;rang sang gay;Literally means "solitary realizer" and in this text it is a realized hīnayāna practitioner who has achieved the jñāna of how-it-is and variety, but who has not committed him or herself to the bodhisattva path of helping others. +
wheel of dharma;wheel of dharma;dharmacakra;The Buddha's teachings correspond to three levels: the hĩnayāna, the mahāyāna, and the vajrayāna with each set being one turning. +
saṃsāra;kor wa;kor wa;Conditioned existence which is characterized by suffering in ordinary life because one is still afflicted by attachment, aggression, and ignorance. +
pāramitās;In Sanskrit it means "perfections." These are the six practices of the mahāyāna path: Perfection of generosity (dāna), of discipline (śīla), of patience (ksānti), of exertion (vīrya), of meditation (dhyāna), and of knowledge (prajñā) attachment, aggression and ignorance. +
yāna;tek pa;tek pa;Literally, a "vehicle" but in this text refers to a level of teaching. There are three main yānas (see hīnayāna, mahāyāna, and vajrayāṅa). +
samvrtikāya;There is the body of ultimate truth (Skt. paramārthakāya) and the body of relative truth (Skt. samvrtikāya). This is the embodiment in relative truth. +
bodhicitta;chang chup chi sem;chang chup chi sem;Literally, the mind of enlightenment. There are two kinds of bodhicitta—absolute or completely awakened mind that sees the emptiness of phenomena and relative bodhicitta which is the aspiration to practice the six pāramitās and free all beings from the sufferings of saṃsāra. +
śāstra;ten chö;ten chö;The Buddhist teachings are divided into words of the Buddha (the sūtras) and the commentaries by others on the Buddha's works (śāstras). +