A cup or bowl made from the top of a human skull. Kapalas are used in tantric ceremonies and symbolize non-attachment and the nonexistence of the ego. +
Four spiritual powers ruling over a celestial realm situated in the world of desire. They are associated with the four cardinal directions, of which they arc considered to be the guardians. +
One who hears the teachings of the Buddha, transmits them to others, and practices them. The characteristic goal of the Shravaka is Arhatship, a personal, individual liberation from samsara, rather than the perfect enlightenment of Buddhahood for the sake of all beings. Shravakas are practitioners of the Hinayana or Root Vehicle, hence Shravakayana. +
Usually a generic term for a male yidam or meditational deity (generally wrathful or semiwrathful). In whatever form, a heruka is a representation of the ultimate nature of the mind. +
The Dhyani Buddha of the Tathagata Family, corresponding to the wisdom of all-embracing space, which is the pure nature of the aggregate of form and affliction of bewilderment, and is linked with the spontaneous accomplishment of the four enlightened activities. See five Families +
A magical and powerful creature frequently figur-ing in the Buddhist and Hindu worldview. Nagas are associated with ser-pents and are said to inhabit the watery element or regions below the surface of the earth. +
A way of sitting, with legs crossed and feet placed on thighs, in which the body is placed in a state of equilibrium especially favorable to the practice of meditation. +
A title of Avalok-iteshvara, the Bodhisattva of compassion; the Sambhogakaya aspect of the Buddha Amitabha, of whom Guru Rinpoche is himself the Nirmanakaya aspect. +
lit. Boundless Light. The Buddha of the Lotus Family corresponding to all-perceiving wis-dom, which is the pure nature of the aggregate of perception and the afflic-tion of desire. It is associated with the enlightened activity of attraction or magnetizing. See five Families +
The name of the subcontinent lying to the south and west of the continent of Jambu (our world) according to Buddhist cosmology (see Mount Meru). It is here that the Buddha-field of Guru Rinpoche is located. +
According to the level of the teaching, a female Sambhogakaya or Bodhisattva, manifestation of great compassion, displaying peaceful and wrathful forms. The most well known and practiced are green and white Tara. "Tara of the Seven Eyes," mentioned in the first chapter, is a reference to White Tara, who is always depicted with a third eye in her forehead and eyes on the palms of her hands and feet, symbolic of her all-seeing compassion. +