Property:Gloss-term
From Buddha-Nature
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dag pa'i sa gsum;Three pure grounds;three pure grounds;''See'' Ground. +
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yang dag par spong ba bzhi;Four genuine restraints;four genuine restraints;These are: (1) the preemptive halting of negativities not yet generated;(2) the rejection of negativities already arisen;(3) the solicitation of positive states not yet present;and (4) the protection from decline of positive states already generated. +
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Master of Orgyen;master of orgyen;''See'' Padmasambhava. +
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rgya mtsho sprin;Sagaramegha;A master belonging to the Lower school of Svatantrika Madhyamika and commentator on the ''Bodhisattva Grounds'' by Asanga. +
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rang sangs rgyas;Pratyekabuddha;A "Solitary Buddha," one who, without relying on a teacher, attains the cessation of suffering by meditating on the twelve links of dependent arising. Pratyekabuddhas realize the emptiness of the person and go halfway to realizing the emptiness of phenomena. In other words, they realize the emptiness of perceived phenomena—but not that of the subject, the perceiving mind. +
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ltung ba;Downfall;downfall;A transgression of one of the precepts, which, if not properly confessed and repaired, will result in rebirth in the lower realms. +
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byang chub kyi sems;Bodhichitta;On the relative level, this is the wish to attain buddhahood for the sake of all sentient beings, together with the practice necessary to accomplish this. On the absolute level, it is nondual wisdom, the ultimate nature of the mind and the true status of all phenomena. In certain tantric contexts, bodhichitta refers to the essential physical substance which is the support of the mind. +
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yi dam;Yidam;yidam;A tantric deity, in male or female form, representing different aspects of enlightenment. Yidams may be peaceful or wrathful and are meditated upon according to the nature and needs of the individual practitioner. +
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phyogs bcu;Ten directions;ten directions;The four cardinal and four intermediary directions, together with the zenith and nadir. +
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gsur;burnt offering;burnt offering;Sur;sur;Food burnt on coals and offered in charity to spirits who are able to consume only the smell of burnt food. +
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bden pa bzhi;Four truths;four truths;The truths of suffering, origin, cessation, and path expounded by the Buddha Shakyamuni in his first teaching following his enlightenment. These teachings, referred to as the first turning of the Dharma wheel, are the foundation of the Hinayana and Mahayana teachings. +
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Kamalashila;(713—763). The principal disciple of Shantarakshita and an exponent with him of the Yogachara Madhyamika school. He was invited to Tibet, where he successfully debated with the Chinese master Hashang Mahayana, thereby definitively establishing the gradual approach of the Indian tradition as normative for Tibetan Buddhism. +
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med dgag;Nonaffirming negative;nonaffirming negative;''See'' Affirming negative. +
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sgrib gnyis;Two obscurations;two obscurations;(1) Emotional obscurations (''nyon sgrib'') such as the afflictions of attachment and anger and (2) cognitive obscuration (''shes sgrib''), that is, dualistic conceptual thinking, which prevents omniscience. These two obscurations are like veils that cover the ultimate nature of the mind and phenomena. They are also respectively referred to as attachment and impediment (''chags thogs''). +
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chags thogs;Attachment and impediment;attachment and impediment;''See'' Two obscurations. +
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sgra mi snyan;Uttarakuru;The northern cosmic continent, where beings possess natural discipline. +
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rgyal ba;Conqueror;conqueror;jina;An epithet of the Buddha. +
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zhi gnas;Shamatha;Essentially a concentration in which the mind remains unmoving on an object of focus. It is a state of calm abiding which though of great importance is itself incapable of overcoming ignorance and the conception of a self. ''See also'' Vipashyana. +
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'gog pa'i snyoms 'jug;Absorption of cessation;absorption of cessation;According to the Mahayana presentation, this is the absorption practiced by the Shravakas and Pratyekabuddhas as a means of gaining contentment in the course of their present existence. It involves the cessation of the sense consciousnesses and the defiled emotional consciousness. Bodhisattvas also enter this absorption, not, however, as an end in itself, but as a method of training in concentration. +
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rgyud bzhi;Four classes of tantra;four classes of tantra;''See'' Tantra. +
