Property:Gloss-term
From Buddha-Nature
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sa gsum;Three dimensions of existence;three dimensions of existence;The world of humans and animals inhabiting the earth's surface, the realm of the gods and spirits in the heavens above, and the kingdom of the nagas and so on in the subterranean regions. +
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skyabs yul;Refuge;refuge;The object in which one takes refuge;''skyabs 'gro'', the practice of taking refuge. +
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chad par lta ba;Nihilism;nihilism;The extreme materialist view of considering the experiences of the physical senses as the only reality and which therefore denies the existence of past and future lives, the karmic principle of cause and effect, and so on. +
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pham pa;Defeat;defeat;a type of transgression of the precepts, a misdemeanor that brings about a complete destruction of the vow. +
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dge slong;Bhikshu;A fully ordained Buddhist monk. +
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klu;Naga;A powerful creature figuring in the Buddhist and Hindu worldview, closely associated with snakes and endowed with intelligence, magical powers, and great wealth. Nagas are said to live beneath the earth and to inhabit the watery element;in traditional medicine, they are linked with certain diseases, especially those of the skin. +
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zla ba;Chandragomin;An Indian lay scholar and contemporary of Chandrakirti. He was associated with the university of Nalanda and was widely reputed for his immense learning in the Mahayana teachings and all kinds of secular knowledge, being, among other things, a renowned grammarian. He also practiced the tantras and attained high realization. +
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bsam gtan;Samadhi;Meditative absorption of different degrees. +
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rta dbyangs;Ashvaghosha;Originally a Hindu scholar who converted to Mahayana Buddhism under the influence of Aryadeva. He is sometimes identified with the master Shura (''dpa' bo''). A great poet, as important in the history of Sanskrit literature as in the history of Buddhism, he is celebrated as the author of a celebrated account of the Buddha's life, the ''Buddhacharita''. +
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gsang sngags snga 'gyur;Ancient Translation school;ancient translation school;Referred to also as the Nyingma or Ancient school, the original tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. Its adherents study and practice the tantras (and their related teachings) that were translated in the first period between the introduction of the Buddhadharma to Tibet in the eighth century and the period of New Translation inaugurated by Rinchen Zangpo (958—1051). +
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gzugs sku;Rupakaya;''See'' Five Bodies. +
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dbang;Empowerment;empowerment;abhisheka;Empowerment or initiation. Of these two terms, "initiation," though in many ways unsatisfactory, has the advantage of indicating that it is the point of entry into tantric practice. On the other hand, "empowerment" is closer to the Tibetan word and refers to the transference of wisdom power, from the master to disciples, authorizing and enabling them to engage in the practice and reap its fruit. In general, there are four levels of tantric empowerment. The first is the Vase Empowerment, which purifies the defilements and obscurations associated with the body, grants the blessings of the vajra body, authorizes the disciples to practice the yogas of the generation stage, and enables them to attain the Nirmanakaya. The second is the Secret Empowerment. This purifies the defilements and obscurations of the speech faculty, grants the blessings of vajra speech, authorizes disciples to practice the yogas of the perfection stage, and enables them to attain the Sambhogakaya. The third empowerment is the Wisdom Empowerment. This purifies the defilements and obscurations associated with the mind, grants the blessings of the vajra mind, authorizes disciples to practice the yogas of the "Skillful Path," and enables them to attain the Dharmakaya. The final empowerment, which is often simply referred to as the Fourth Initiation, is the Precious Word Empowerment. This purifies the defilements of body, speech, and mind and all karmic and cognitive obscurations;it grants the blessings of primordial wisdom, authorizes disciples to engage in the practice of Dzogchen, and enables them to attain the Svabhavikakaya. +
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dge bsnyen;Upasaka;A Buddhist lay practitioner who has taken some or all of the precepts of the upasaka vow. +
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dga' ldan;Tushita;The Joyous Realm, the fourth divine sphere of the desire realm, in which Buddha Shakyamuni abode before appearing in our world. +
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nges pa lnga;Five certainties;five certainties;''See'' Five excellences. +
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sku;Body;body;kaya;''See'' Five Bodies. +
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spangs rtogs kyi yon tan;Qualities of elimination and realization;qualities of elimination and realization;Spiritual qualities (e.g., the realization of the five kinds of enlightened vision) that shine forth in proportion as the emotional and cognitive veils are removed from the mind's nature. +
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gsang ba'i snying po;Guhyagarbha;The chief Mahayoga tantra of the Nyingma school. +
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Five skandhas;five skandhas;''See'' Skandhas. +
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seng ge bzang po;Haribhadra;a disciple of Shantarakshita and Yairotsana in the late eighth century. He was an exponent of the Yogachara Svatantrika Madhyamika school. He did much to propagate the teachings of the Prajnaparamita and is well known for his commentary on the same sutra. He was the preceptor of the Buddhist king Dharmapala and was closely associated with the monastic university of Vikramashila. +
