Property:Gloss-term
From Buddha-Nature
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chos sku;Dharmakaya;''See'' Five Bodies. +
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rigs bzhi;Four castes;four castes;The traditional class distinctions of Indian society associated with different psychological types and the kind of work or social function deemed appropriate to them. Over the centuries the caste system developed and is now extremely complex. Buddhist texts refer only to the original fourfold system and repudiate it in the sense of rejecting the idea, still current in Indian society, that such distinctions are immutable and are dictated by the circumstances of birth. The four types or classes are the royal or ruling class (''kshatriya, rgyal rigs''), the priestly class (''brahmin, bram ze rigs''), the merchant class (''vaishya, rje 'u rigs''), and the menial class (''shudra, dmangs rigs''). +
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'jam dbyang mam rgyal rgya mtsho;Mipham Rinpoche;mipham rinpoche;(1846—1912). One of the greatest scholars of the Nyingma tradition, famed for his immense erudition and versatility. He was a close disciple of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and thus associated with the Rimé, or nonsectarian movement. Through his learning and realization, he greatly contributed to the reinvigoration of study and practice in nineteenth-century Tibet. +
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bye brag smra ba;Vaibhashika;The first of the hinayana tenet systems, in which the indivisible particle of matter and the indivisible instant of consciousness are regarded as ultimate truth. +
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sum bcu rtsa gsum;Thirty-three;thirty-three;Trayastrimsha;The second divine sphere of the desire realm, situated on the summit of Mount Meru, presided over by thirty-three gods of whom Indra is the chief. +
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sku lnga;Five Bodies;five bodies;kaya;According to the teachings of the Mahayana, the transcendent reality of perfect buddhahood is described in terms of two, three, four, or five bodies, or kayas. The two bodies, in the first case, are the Dharmakaya, the Body of Truth, and the Rupakaya, the Body of Form. The Dharmakaya is the absolute or "emptiness" aspect of buddhahood. The Rupakaya is subdivided (thus giving rise to the three bodies mentioned above) into the Sambhogakaya, the Body of Perfect Enjoyment, and the Nirmanakaya, the Body of Manifestation. The Sambhogakaya, or the spontaneous clarity aspect of buddhahood, is perceptible only to beings of extremely high realization. The Nirmanakaya, the compassionate aspect, is perceptible to ordinary beings and appears in the world most often, though not necessarily, in human form. The system of four bodies consists of the three just referred to together with the Svabhavikakaya, or Body of Suchness, which refers to the union of the previous three. Occasionally there is mention of five bodies: the three kayas together with the immutable Diamond or Vajra Body (the indestructible aspect of buddhahood) and the Body of Complete Enlightenment (representing the aspect of enlightened qualities). +
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mdo;Sutra;A Buddhist scripture, a transcribed discourse of the Buddha. There are Hinayana sutras and Mahayana sutras (as distinct from the tantras). Of the Mahayana sutras, some are categorized as being of expedient meaning (''drang don'') and their purpose, as the ''Akshayamatinirdesha-sutra'' explains, is to lead disciples onto the path. Other Mahayana sutras are classified as being of ultimate meaning (''nges don'') and introduce the hearers directly to the Buddha's wisdom. +
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spyan ras gzigs;Avalokiteshvara;The "Lord who Sees," name of the Bodhisattva who embodies the speech and compassion of all the Buddhas;the Sambhogakaya emanation of the Buddha Amitabha;sometimes referred to as Lokeshvara, the Lord of the World. +
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'byung ba lnga;Five elements;five elements;Earth, water, fire, and wind or air, as principles of solidity, liquidity, heat and movement, and ether or space. +
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theg pa;Vehicle;vehicle;yana;A system of teachings providing the means for traveling the path to enlightenment. There are three main vehicles: Shravakayana, Pratyekabuddhayana, and Bodhisattvayana. +
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'od gsal;Clear Light;clear light;The name of the third level in the second samadhi of the form realm. +
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sdug bsngal gsum;Three types of suffering;three types of suffering;(1) the suffering of suffering—pain as such;(2) the suffering of change—the fact that happiness is impermanent and liable to turn into its opposite;and (3) all-pervading suffering in the making—the fact that all actions grounded in the ignorance of the true nature of things will, sooner or later, bring forth suffering. +
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bdud;Evil force;evil force;See Demon. +
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bdag po'i rkyen;Dominant condition;dominant condition;One of the four conditions systematized by Vasubandhu in his ''Abhidharmakosha'' to explain the functioning of causality. The other three are the causal condition (''rgyu'i rkyen''), the immediately preceding condition (''de ma thag pa'i rkyen''), and the objective condition (''dmigs pa'i rkyen''). +
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bsnyen gnas;Upavasa;The twenty-four-hour pratimoksha vow, consisting of eight precepts and taken by laypeople. +
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bde gshegs snying po;Sugatagarbha;The essence of buddhahood, the luminous and empty nature of the mind. +
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dpe'i ye shes;Example wisdom;example wisdom;A foretaste or illustration of the absolute wisdom. Example wisdom is not totally devoid of conceptual mind. +
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chos nyid;Ultimate reality;ultimate reality;Thatness, the nature of each and every phenomenon, emptiness beyond all conceptual constructions. +
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sangs rgyas gsang ba;Buddhaguhya;A master of Mahayoga and teacher of both Guru Padmasambhava and Vimalamitra. He composed the celebrated ''Gradual Path of the Magical Net''. +
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bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi;Four ways of attracting disciples;four ways of attracting disciples;Teachers gather disciples by (1) their generosity;(2) the fact that their teachings are attuned to the minds of their disciples;(3) their ability to introduce disciples to the practice leading to liberation;and (4) the fact that they themselves practice what they preach. +
