sdug bsngal gsum;Three types of suffering;three types of suffering;(1) the suffering of suffering—pain as such;(2) the suffering of change—the fact that happiness is impermanent and liable to turn into its opposite;and (3) all-pervading suffering in the making—the fact that all actions grounded in the ignorance of the true nature of things will, sooner or later, bring forth suffering. +
bdag po'i rkyen;Dominant condition;dominant condition;One of the four conditions systematized by Vasubandhu in his ''Abhidharmakosha'' to explain the functioning of causality. The other three are the causal condition (''rgyu'i rkyen''), the immediately preceding condition (''de ma thag pa'i rkyen''), and the objective condition (''dmigs pa'i rkyen''). +
dpe'i ye shes;Example wisdom;example wisdom;A foretaste or illustration of the absolute wisdom. Example wisdom is not totally devoid of conceptual mind. +
sangs rgyas gsang ba;Buddhaguhya;A master of Mahayoga and teacher of both Guru Padmasambhava and Vimalamitra. He composed the celebrated ''Gradual Path of the Magical Net''. +
bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi;Four ways of attracting disciples;four ways of attracting disciples;Teachers gather disciples by (1) their generosity;(2) the fact that their teachings are attuned to the minds of their disciples;(3) their ability to introduce disciples to the practice leading to liberation;and (4) the fact that they themselves practice what they preach. +
zhen yul;Conceived object;conceived object;A technical term in Buddhist logic, used to refer to objects of the conceptual consciousness that identifies and names things. It thus refers to sense objects as apprehended by this consciousness, but also to imaginary objects that are mistakenly assumed to exist (e.g., the "self "). +
zhi ba lha;Shantideva;A member of Nalanda university and the celebrated author of the Bodhicharyavatara (The Way of the Bodhisattva). He upheld the view of the Prasangika Madhyamika in the tradition of Chandrakirti. Shantideva was also the author of the ''Shiksasamuccaya'', a compendium of citations on discipline, which forms a valuable collection of texts that have otherwise been lost. +
bsnyen pa,grub pa,las sbyor;Approach,accomplishment,and activation;approach,accomplishment,and activation;Three consecutive stages in the practice of a sadhana. In the first stage the practitioner becomes familiar with the figure and mandala of the meditational deity. In the second stage, the deity is "accomplished," and in the third, different enlightened activities are practiced. +
mdo sde pa;Sautrantika;One of the four systems of Buddhist tenets. Together with the Vaibhashika school, the Sautrantika is considered as belonging to the Hinayana. The Sautrantika is remarkable for its elaborate psychology and logic and is widely studied and utilized in Tibetan Buddhism. +