Lit., the state beyond suffering. This term indicates the various levels of enlightenment as set forth in both the Shravakayana and Mahayana teachings. +
In both the Mahayana and Hinayana (though differently in each case), progress towards enlightenment is described in terms of five paths or degrees of attainment. The paths are called, progressively, Accu-mulation, Joining, Seeing, Meditation, and No More Learning. Bodhisatt-vas on the Mahayana paths of Accumulation and Joining are referred to as "ordinary" or "mundane" since their practice has not yet brought them beyond samsara. Those on the levels of the Mahayana Path of Seeing and Meditation (in which emptiness is directly perceived) are called "noble" or "superior," i.e., Aryas. See also grounds +
A general term referring to the six samsaric realms: hells, world of hungry ghosts, animals, humans, asuras, and the first six levels of the divine abodes of the gods. +
Spiritual teacher, explained as the con-traction of bla na med pa, "nothing superior." The title is sometimes used loosely as a general term to denote a Buddhist monk or even anyone claim-ing to be a teacher. In the traditional context, however, the title is exclusively attributed to masters with great knowledge and high realization. +
Pronounced with the stress on the first syllable: dakini. A feminine personification of Wisdom. A distinction is made between wisdom dakinis who are fully enlightened, and "ordinary" or "worldly" dakinis, who, though not fully enlightened, nevertheless pos-sess spiritual power. In Tibetan, the term is used as a title of respect for highly realized yoginis. +
lit. nectar of immortality, sometimes trans-lated as "ambrosia." A substance (liquid or solid) prepared with the help of tantric rituals. It symbolizes Wisdom. +
Throughout this text the swastika appears as the symbol of the Bon. It is also used, however, in the context of Vajrayana Buddhism and represents immutability and indestructibility. +
In general, this term indicates the highest of all Buddha-fields. Akanishta is in fact divided into six levels, ranging from the highest heaven of the form realm up to the absolute pure land of the Dharmakaya. +