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(1295-1369) Kadampa master, author of the ''Thirty-Seven Practices of Bodhisattvas'' and of a teaching on lojong, among others. +
He was a lama of Pelpung monastery. His realization brought him the name ''drubpön'', master of retreat, given by the eleventh Ta'i Situpa, a responsibility he would assume over many years, during which time Kalu Rinpoche met him. He became Kdu Rinpoche's root lama and transmitted to him the Shangpa lineage. Having been designated as his best disciple, Kdu Rinpoche succeeded him as drubpön at Pelpung. At death, Lama Norbu manifested the signs of the rainbow body, characteristic of ultimate realization. +
The Shangpa lineage was established in Tibet by the scholar-adept Khyungpo Neljor (ca. 990-1139). Initially, he studied and practiced the Bön and dzogchen traditions; later he went to India in search of teachings. From there he brought back the quintessence of the instructions of 150 masters, among whom the five most important were: the primordial wisdom ḍākinīs Niguma and Sukhasiddhi, Maitrīpa, Abhayā (or Vajrāsana, Dorje Denpa), and Rāhulaguptavajra. He attained redization of and transmitted the Five Golden Teachings and the Five Ultimates, or the ultimate result of the five principal tantras of anuttarayogatantra through the sādhana of the ''Deities of the Five Tantras (rgyud sde lha lnga)'', which are brought together in one single maṇḍala consisting of Guhyasamāja, Mahāmāya, Hevajra, Cakrasaṃvara, and Vajrabhairava. This practice, which comes from the ''Ocean of Jewels Tantra (rin chen rgya mtsho'i rgyud)'' and which was transmitted to him by the mahāsiddha Vajrāsana, constitutes the basis of the Shangpa initiation system.<br>Khyungpo Neljor established his headquarters at Shang Shong (zhang zhong) in the Shang (shangs) valley of central Tibet, west of the Tsang province. The name "Shangpa" was given to the school that developed after him; he lived to the age of 150. He founded over one hundred monasteries, gave teachings, and performed many miracles. He had innumerable disciples, of whom the main one was Mochopa (rmog lcog pa, c. 1117-?), followed by Kyergangpa (skyer sgang pa, c. late twelfth century, early thirteenth; lived 73 years), Nyentön Rigonpa (gnyan ston ri gong pa, early thirteenth century; lived 72 years), and Sangye Tönpa (sangs rgyas ston pa, thirteenth century; lived 72 years); they constituted, with Vajradhara, Niguma, and Khyungpo Neljor, the first seven masters of the lineage, or the Seven Jewels. The instructions that had until then only been transmitted orally and secretly were spread by Sangye Tönpa. They were put down in writing by his successors: Samdingpa Chöndrup (d. 1319), Japa Gyaltsen Bum ('jag chen rgyal mtshan 'bum, 1261-1334), and Serlingpa Tashipel (1292-1365). He had a disciple, Khedrup Tsangma Shangtön (1234-1309); this lineage is said to be distant, and it has continued without interruption within the Kagyu, Nyingma, Sakya, and Gelug schools. Two other lineages, known as "close" and "very close," stemmed from direct revelations from the primordid wisdom ḍākinī Niguma. Their origins are, respectively, the mahāsiddha Thangtong Gyelpo (thang stong rgyal po, 1361-1485) on the one hand, with the Thangluk lineage following, and, on the other hand, Jonang Kunga Drölcho and Taranatha (Drölwai Gönpo, 1575-1634) followed by the lineage called Jonangluk. These different lineages converged in Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Thaye in the nineteenth century. He transmittd them to Tashi Chöpel, who transmitted them to Norbu Töndrup, who in turn transmitted them to Kyabje Kalu Rinpoche, who was the hierarch of this lineage and established its principal seat at Sonada monastery in India, near Darjeeling.<br>The principal teachings transmitted by the Shangpa lineage consist of five cycles:<blockquote>1. From Niguma, particularly the Five Golden Teachings (gser chos sde lnga), which present in a coherent and concise entirety one of the highest and most profound methods for realization;<br>2. From Sukhasiddhi (six yogas and mahāmudrā);<br>3. From Maitrīpa (Mahākāla Chadrupa);<br>4. From Abhayā (deities of the five tantras); and<br>5. From Rāhula (joint practice of four deities). </blockquote>These teachings constitute the heart of the transmission and practices for the three-year retreat in Shangpa centers.
(1004-1064) Atīśa's principal disciple. See Kadampa. +
See Six Ornaments. +
Master who remains famous for his extraordinary energy and self-sacrifice in his quest for the prajñāpāramitā teachings. +
The Khampas are inhabitants of Kham, which is, dong with Amdo, one of the two principal regions of eastern Tibet. +
(ca. 600-650) One of the main exponents of the Madhyamaka-Prāsaṇgika school. His principal works are ''Introduction to the Middle Way (Madhyamakāvatāra, dbu ma la 'jug pa)'' and ''Clear Words (Prasannapadā, tshig gsal)''. +
Name of the divine state in which the buddhas find themselves prior to manifesting in our world. +
The Buddha of wisdom and intelligence. +
Well-known Buddhist university. It was founded near the middle of the fifth century (earlier according to some sources), under the first Kumāragupta. It produced numerous great masters, among them Asaṅga and Vasubandhu. +
This lineage dates back to Marpa Lotsawa (1012-1099), who made three journeys to India and studied at the feet of numerous masters, the principal one being Nāropa. Marpa's principal disciple, Milarepa (1040-1123), was one of the most famous yogis and poets of all Tibet. Milarepa's two principal disciples were Rechungpa and Gampopa. The patronymic of the Dagpo lineage is one of Gampopa's names. Gampopa's four principal disciples made up the four major branches of the school (see Kagyu). The main branch is the Karma-Kagyu, or Kamtshang-Kagyu, lineage, founded by the first Karmapa, Tusum Khyenpa (1110-1193). In addition to the Karmapas, his lineage is primarily made up of the Shamarpas and the Tai Situpas. +
The future Buddha; he will manifest at the beginning of the next cosmic cycle. His teaching will follow that of Śākyamuni, when the latter's has disappeared. +
(1808-1987). One of the greatest Tibetan masters of the nineteenth century and an important architect of the Rimé movement, he is known in the West for the translation of his work ''The Path of Great Perfection''. +
One of the eighty-four mahāsiddhas. He remains famous for his miracles, which included having stopped the course of the sun to postpone payment of his drinking debts. +
He is the lord of the world of the passions, the demon who sustains and animates them. +
Female deity, consort of Cakrasaṃvara. Her practice is very important in the Kagyu tradition. +
Kyabje Kalu Rinpoche's monastic name, given to him by the eleventh Tai Situpa at Pelpung at the time he took ordination from him. It literally means "omnipresent nature." +
(End of third century C.E.). One of the Six Ornaments, he was Nāgārjuna's principal disciple, continuing his teaching of Madhyamaka and composing, in particular, the Four Hundred (Catuḥśataka). +
(ca. 310-390 C.E.) One of the two Indian masters called the Two Supremes (mchog gnyis); the other is Nāgārjuna. Born in Puruṣapara, the capital of Gandhāra, he lived for twelve years at Nālandā. Author of the ''Abhidharmasamuccaya'' and brother of Vasubandhu, he was, dong with his brother, one of the founders of the Yogācāra school. He is well known for his meditation practice on Maitreya, who transmitted to him the Five Teachings of Maitreya (byams chos sde lnga). +
