The constituent parts of a sentient being: form, feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness. Sometimes the word ''aggregate'' is used to refer to the entire body. +
A spirit or hungry ghost who consumes the potent essences of food and wealth. It personifies ultimate envy and miserliness and is usually exorcised during rituals to promote food and wealth. +
States of mind that are experienced as or lead to confusion and suffering. The three root afflictive emotions are passion, aggression, and ignorance. +
A tantra and associated deity that became one of the major practice lineages of Tibetan Buddhism. It is known for its unique system of cosmology and association with the hidden realm of Śambhala and its lineage of kings. +
Beneficent or neutral spirits that protect the practitioner on the path. They may also be bad spirits arising as or appearing to be gods, as in the case of ''lha dön''. +
Machik's four spiritual daughters, who each have the word ''gyen'', or "ornament," as part of their name. They are present throughout the text, asking questions and participating in the action. Four immeasurables - Four subjects of meditation and important virtues that one cultivates for others on the bodhisattva path. The four are love, compassion, joy, and equanimity. +
The nature of mind itself, pure of ignorance and afflictive emotions. From a Tibetan Buddhist viewpoint, this is the basic nature of mind which is concealed by ignorance. +
The ideal of the Mahāyāna Buddhist practitioner, beings who, having given rise to bodhicitta, dedicate themselves to developing wisdom and compassion for the benefit of others in this and all future lives through taking the bodhisattva's vow. +
(790-844) The second of the great dharma kings of Tibet. Trisong Detsen invited Padmasaṁbhava to help subdue the spirits of Tibet and also organized the great debate at Samye Monastery, which was a pivotal point in the development of Tibetan Buddhism. +