Property:Gloss-def
From Buddha-Nature
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This is a metaphor derived from cakravartin, the universal sovereign who had a magic wheel. The early sutras often pair or compare cakravartin kings and buddhas. Thus, the Buddha has his own wheel, but of Dharma instead of secular power. In the Mahayana, there are said to be three "turnings," or more accurately "rollings," of the wheel of Dharma. See the following notes and cakravartin above +
Literally "new," this contrasts with the "old" or Nyingma (rnying ma) tradition, which has its origins in the first introduction of Buddhism to Tibet in the seventh and particularly eighth centuries. The Sarma traditions are based on teachings that were brought to Tibet from the eleventh century onward, beginning with the translations of Lotsāwa Rinchen Sangpo +
Although it is assigned the root form kṛ, "to do," and is cognate with the English "create," it does not mean activity or action in the general sense of the term as it is also the word used for "ritual." Thus it means an action that has an effect other than the visible present one, so that as well as magical rites, it means any action that has an effect upon one's next life +
The Sanskrit term is derived from a scent or smell left behind and therefore has the meaning of a trace or impression. The Tibetan has an emphasis on habitual action, or even the apparently instinctive, such as the first actions of a newborn animal. It can also have the meaning of a seed, a latent tendency to act in a certain way, or even, in the Mind Only school, that which causes one's apparently external experiences, as these are said to arise entirely from one's own mind +
The four regions surrounding Mount Meru in Abhidharma cosmology that together comprise the inhabited universe. The southern continent, Jambudvīpa, originally referred only to India but came to mean the entire known human world. The other continents or worlds, separated from ours by areas of darkness, are said to be inhabited by distinct races of beings +
Literally "the dwelling place of Brahmā," this is a pre-Buddhist meditation on love, compassion, rejoicing, and impartiality or equanimity; the contemplation and generation of them were said to lead to rebirth in the realm of Brahmā. This was also taught by the historical Buddha who emphasized that as a general teaching they did not lead to liberation. In Tibetan Buddhism they are more commonly known as the four immeasurables and are considered a basis for the development of bodhicitta. Drigungpa, in tune with his presentation of the Buddhas teachings as being unitary, with no anomalies, denies the mundane identity of the immeasurables and states that they are the essence of buddhahood. +
The teaching that nothing exists independently. It is often systematized in a teaching on twelve interdependent links, whereby all of samsara comes about in dependence on the first link, ignorance. Dergé. This kingdom in the east of the Tibetan plateau, in the region of Kham, had independence or at least autonomy for a considerable period. The Dergé monarchy were patrons of Buddhism and funded the Eighth Tai Situ, his building of Palpung Monastery within Dergé, and his edition of the canon, known as the Dergé Kangyur and Tengyur +
Or literally, "ear tantras." This is often misspelled snyan brgyud and therefore confused with "oral lineage " It is the specific name for the teachings received by Tilopa from a dākinī whose body had vanished so that he received the instructions as words emanating from the syllable hūṃ. Therefore these teachings are also known as the Dharma of the bodiless dākinī +
Literally, "Secret Assembly"; one of the higher tantric deity practices, and probably the earliest. In later classification it became one of the father tantras +
The circle or dot above the letter that nasalizes the vowel. Represented in diacritics as m, it is nowadays pronounced as m or ng +
An expression apparently Tibetan in origin, it is synonymous with the three afflictions of ignorance, attachment, and aversion +
Samāhita is actually the past participle of the verb samādha from which comes the noun samādhi and is likewise a general name for a state of meditation. Pṛṣthalabdha or rjes thob is literally "post-accomplishment" but rendered here as post-meditation. The "accomplishment" refers to the accomplishment of meditation and so refers to the period when, having obtained those qualities, they are put to use in daily life by teaching and benefiting beings. In Tibet, the word was also interpreted to mean the accomplishment of realization while not in a meditation session +
The word nāḍī can mean any tube or pipe as well as the physical veins and arteries of the body, but in this work it generally refers to the network of subtle channels, analogous to the nervous system, through which flow the winds that are mentally manipulated as part of tantric practice. Although earlier commentaries emphasized that the channels were simply visualizations without a physical existence, later Tibetan tradition attempted to conjoin these with the medical tradition, with inconclusive results +
The principal deity in the Kagyü tradition, who appears to have originated in the late eighth century in India. It is explicitly a transmutation of Śiva +
The tendency of thoughts to multiply in discursive wandering. The Sanskrit word can mean expansion, diffusion, or diversification, and also covers prolixity, creation, and deceit. "Conceptual" is sometimes added to the English to better communicate the meaning +
In early Buddhism, in contrast to those who were "disciples" (śrāvaka), these individuals attained buddhahood not with a teacher but through contemplation of the remains of humans in charnel grounds and so on. In the Mahayana tradition in India there was disagreement as to whether their attainment equaled that of the Buddha. In present day Tibetan Buddhism, the differing views continue, with the Kagyü, for example, declaring that their realization is less than that of a buddha, while Gelukpas state that while the realization is the same, they lack the compassionate activity for others +
One of the thirty primary physical marks of a great being that a buddha possesses +
The Tibetan has taken the etymology inventively to mean "those who ascend on the margin" and uses it to refer to non-Buddhists, but those in the Indian tradition only. The phrase in its original form refers solely to thejains +
One of the two form bodies (rūpakāya) of a buddha. The "emanation body" is the form of a buddha that appears in this world, perceivable by other beings, in contradistinction to the saṃbhogakāya, which can only be seen by enlightened beings. Together these are classed as the "form body" of a buddha. The idea of nirmāṇakāya was also extended to emanations that are not obviously a buddha: seemingly ordinary beings, animals, and even matter, such as bridges, boats, food, or whatever would assist beings. The Tibetan term has also become institutionalized to mean anyone who is recognized as the rebirth of a lama. Nirmānarati. "The enjoyment of emanations " The fifth of the six paradises within the realm of desire, according to the Abhidharma +
The worst and physically lowest of the hells, where beings remain longer and suffer greater than any other hell +
