a being in whom the thought of enlightenment has arisen, one who has formed the intention to strive for complete enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings. After practicing the Dharma for countless lifetimes, a perfected Bodhisattva is reborn in the world to demon- strate the way to enlightenment by becoming a Buddha. The Bodhisattvayāna is the vehicle of the Bodhisattva. Beginning with the generation of the mind dedicated to enlightenment, the Bodhisattva develops compassion and wisdom, the perfect knowledge of śūnyatā, the emptiness of all existence. He practices the six pāramitās which begin as ordinary virtues (giving, morality, patience, effort, meditation, and wisdom) and culminate in perfect transcendent action. From within the six, four further pāramitās arise: skillful means, vows, power, and primordial wisdom. The Bodhisattvayāna has ten stages, the first beginning with entry into the Path of Seeing: the Joyous, the Immacu- late, the Light-giving, the Radiant, the Invincible, the Realizing, the Far-reaching, the Immovable, the Beneficial, and the Cloud of Dharma. +
The ancient kings of Tibet, descended from the Licchavis of India, ruled Tibet for hundreds of years. There were five dynasties which reigned before the great Dharma Kings: the Seven Khri beginning with gNya'-khri; the Two ITengs; the Six Legs; the Eight IDe; and the Five bTsan, the last of whom was lHa-tho-tho-ri gNyan-btsan. During his reign, the Dharma entered Tibet in the form of Buddhist relics, dhārariīs, texts, and mantras. Although the king did not understand the full significance of these things, he recognized the holiness of these objects, and so kept and preserved them carefully. After lHa-tho-tho-ri, four kings ruled before the first of the Dharma Kings: Khri-gnyan gzungs-btsan, 'Bro-gnang-lde, sTag-ri gnang-gzigs, and gNam-ri srong-btsan. +
it. 'the diamond vehicle'; also known as the Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, and Phalayāna, the vehicle of the result. This way offers innumerable skillful means to enlightenment, based on the Sutras and Tantras. When followed under the guidance of an accomplished teacher, this rapid path can result in liberation within one lifetime. Transmitted by the Vidyādhara lineage of Knowledge-holders, this vehicle produces the deepest and most far-reaching realization particularly in the Kali Yuga when powerful techniques are necessary to liberate human consciousness. +
lit. 'the All-gooď; the Ādibuddha who through ceaseless meditation gives rise to the Dhyānibuddhas; representation of the ultimate nature of reality. +
also known as Uddiyāna or Odiyan; home of many ḍākinīs, and birth- place of Padmasambhava; thought to be located in the Swat valley northwest of India, which borders on modern Afghanistan. +
lit. 'foundation of offering'; monuments often con- taining relics of Buddhist saints. Stūpas are built according to universal principles of harmony and order. Often quite large, they focus and radiate healing energy throughout the six realms of existence. +
the physical eye through which we perceive our physical surroundings; the eye of the gods which can see what ordinary mortals cannot; the eye of wisdom which penetrates all appearances; the eye of the Dharma which sees reality without obscurations; and the eye of the Buddha, the omniscient and most perfect seeing of a ll aspects of the cosmos. +