Vairotsana's companion on the journey to India. After receiving transmission from Shri Singha, he decided to return to Tibet but was killed by border guards. He reincarnated as Yudra Nyingpo in Tsawarong. +
The fundamental system of Buddhist thought and practice deriving from the first turning of the wheel of Dharma and centering around the teachings on the Four Noble Truths and the twelvefold chain of dependent arising. +
According to the sutras, these are the devas, nagas, yakshas, gandharvas, asuras, garudas, kinnaras, and mahoragas, all of whom were able to receive and practice the Buddha's teachings. These eight classes can also refer to eight types of mundane spirits that can help or harm but are invisible to human beings: ''ging, mara, tsen, yaksha, rakshasa, mamo, rahula'', and ''naga''. +
The three collections of the words of the Buddha (Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma). Their purpose is the development of the three trainings of discipline, concentration, and discriminating knowledge, while their function is to remedy the three poisons of desire, anger, and ignorance. +
The authorization to practice the Vajrayana teachings, which is the indispensable entrance to tantric practice. It enables one to master one's innate vajra body, speech, and mind and regard forms as deities, sound as mantras, and thought as wisdom. +
Literally, "the Joyous." The name of the pure land of the thousand buddhas of this eon, inhabited only by bodhisattvas and buddhas. The heavenly realm in which Lord Maitreya resides awaiting his appearance in this world as the next Buddha. +
The nature of one's mind, which is taught to be identical to the essence of all enlightened beings. It should be distinguished from "mind" (''sems''), which refers to ordinary discursive thinking based on ignorance of the nature of thought. +
An emanation of Manjushri who was a minister of King Songtsen Gampo. Sent to India by Songtsen Gampo to study grammar and writing, on the basis of the Indian scripts he created the forms of the Tibetan letters and composed eight treatises on the Tibetan alphabet. +
One of the greatest masters and scholars of Indian Buddhism. He went to Tibet in the ninth century where he taught and translated numerous Sanskrit texts. He was one of the principal sources, together with Guru Padmasambhava, of the Dzogchen teachings in Tibet. +
The two principal phases of tantric practice. The development stage (''bskyed rim'') involves meditation on sights, sounds, and thoughts as deities, mantras, and wisdom, respectively. The completion stage (''rdzogs rim'') refers to the dissolution of visualized forms into and the experience of emptiness. It also indicates meditation on the subtle channels, energies, and essential substances of the body. Development and completion may also refer to the first two inner tantras, Maha and Anu. +
Literally "inconceivable." The first monastery in Tibet, it is located in the Tsangpo Valley southeast of Lhasa; built by King Trisong Deutsen, it was consecrated by Padmasambhava. +
The third section of the Tripitaka (the other two sections are Vinaya and Sutra). Systematic teachings on metaphysics, focusing on the training of discriminating knowledge by analyzing elements of experience and investigating the nature of existing things. +
The first of the three inner tantras. Maha Yoga scripture is divided into the Tantra Section and the Sadhana Section. The Tantra Section consists of the Eighteen Maha Yoga Tantras, and the Sadhana Section of the ''Eight Sadhana Teachings''. The Maha Yoga scriptures emphasize the means of the development stage and the view that liberation is attained by growing accustomed to insight into the nature of the indivisibility of the two truths. +