The nature of one's mind, which is taught to be identical to the essence of all enlightened beings. It should be distinguished from "mind" (''sems''), which refers to ordinary discursive thinking based on ignorance of the nature of thought. +
An emanation of Manjushri who was a minister of King Songtsen Gampo. Sent to India by Songtsen Gampo to study grammar and writing, on the basis of the Indian scripts he created the forms of the Tibetan letters and composed eight treatises on the Tibetan alphabet. +
One of the greatest masters and scholars of Indian Buddhism. He went to Tibet in the ninth century where he taught and translated numerous Sanskrit texts. He was one of the principal sources, together with Guru Padmasambhava, of the Dzogchen teachings in Tibet. +
The two principal phases of tantric practice. The development stage (''bskyed rim'') involves meditation on sights, sounds, and thoughts as deities, mantras, and wisdom, respectively. The completion stage (''rdzogs rim'') refers to the dissolution of visualized forms into and the experience of emptiness. It also indicates meditation on the subtle channels, energies, and essential substances of the body. Development and completion may also refer to the first two inner tantras, Maha and Anu. +
Literally "inconceivable." The first monastery in Tibet, it is located in the Tsangpo Valley southeast of Lhasa; built by King Trisong Deutsen, it was consecrated by Padmasambhava. +
The third section of the Tripitaka (the other two sections are Vinaya and Sutra). Systematic teachings on metaphysics, focusing on the training of discriminating knowledge by analyzing elements of experience and investigating the nature of existing things. +
The first of the three inner tantras. Maha Yoga scripture is divided into the Tantra Section and the Sadhana Section. The Tantra Section consists of the Eighteen Maha Yoga Tantras, and the Sadhana Section of the ''Eight Sadhana Teachings''. The Maha Yoga scriptures emphasize the means of the development stage and the view that liberation is attained by growing accustomed to insight into the nature of the indivisibility of the two truths. +
A type of mantra belonging to the wrathful deities that is used to dispel demonic forces that obstruct the Buddhist doctrine or the welfare of beings. +
The first seven fully ordained monks in Tibet, who were ordained by the abbot Shantarakshita. They were the minister Ba Trhizi, Ba Selnang, Pagor Vairotsana, Ngenlam Gyalwa Chokyang, Ma Rinchen Chok, Khon Lui Wangpo, and Lasum Gyalwa Changchub. When the king decided they turned out well, he had Shantarakshita ordain another three hundred people. +
Mental factors that veil the true nature of the mind. In the general Buddhist teachings, several types are mentioned: the obscuration of karma preventing one from entering the path of enlightenment; the obscuration of disturbing emotions preventing progress along the path; the obscuration of habitual tendencies preventing the vanishing of confusion; and the final obscuration of dualistic knowledge preventing the full attainment of buddhahood. +
Generally means the state of buddhahood, characterized by the perfection of the accumulations of merit and wisdom and by the removal of the two obscurations. It can also refer to the lower stages of enlightenment of an arhat or pratyekabuddha. +
The first Buddhist text that appeared in Tibet, which fell on to the roof of King Lha Thothori Nyensheľs palace during the fifth century and was translated by Thonmi Sambhota. +