theg pa dgu;Nine Vehicles;nine vehicles;The nine vehicles comprise the path of the Nyingma School of the Early Translations. The first three vehicles are those of the Sūtra Vehicle, the exoteric Buddhist teachings: 1) the Vehicle of the Listeners, 2) the Vehicle of the Solitary Buddhas, and 3) the Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas. The next set comprises the three outer tantras: 4) the Vehicle of Kriyā, or Activity Tantra, 5) the Vehicle of Ubhaya, or Dual Tantra, and 6) the Vehicle of Yoga, or Union Tantra. The final set of three represents the inner tantric tradition: 7) the Vehicle of Mahāyoga, or Great Yoga, 8) the Vehicle of Anuyoga, or Concordant Yoga, and 9) the Vehicle of Atiyoga, or Supreme Yoga (also known as the Great Perfection). [NS 164] +
shes rab;Knowledge;knowledge;prajñā;Knowledge is the factor that focuses on a specific entity, examines this object, and is then able to distinguish its essence and individual features, its general and specific characteristics, and whether it should be taken up or abandoned. Once perfected, it functions to dispel doubt. Knowledge is synonymous with the terms complete awareness, complete understanding, awakening, thorough analysis, thorough understanding, confidence, intelligence, mental functioning, and clear realization. [TD 2863] +
dga' ba bzhi;Four Joys;four joys;The four joys are a common principle in the teachings on the conceptual completion stage. Though they are listed differently depending on the context, they are often presented as: 1) joy, 2) supreme joy, 3) freedom from joy (or special joy), and 4) coemergent joy. ''The Great Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary'' explains: "Four joys are produced when bodhicitta descends to each of the four cakras. [These four comprise] a realization associated with the yogic heat practice, which involves taking control of the subtle energies. When bodhicitta descends from the crown center, joy is produced;when it descends to the throat center, supreme joy;when it descends to the heart center, freedom from joy;and when it reaches the navel center, coemergent joy." [TD 2562] +
bsnyen sgrub yan lag bzhi;Four Divisions of Approach and Accomplishment;four divisions of approach and accomplishment;There are four phases of tantric practice: approach, close approach, accomplishment, and great accomplishment. Ju Mipham explains, '~pproach and accomplishment subsume all the various practices that utilize the unique methods of the Secret Mantra tradition to achieve whatever spiritual accomplishments one desires, whether supreme or mundane." [ON 534] As seen in the preceding commentaries, these classifications can be applied to the fruitional state (as in the relationship between these four and the four knowledge holders discussed by Jigme Lingpa), to mantra recitation (as discussed by Getse Mahapaṇḍita), and also to development stage practice in general (''see'' individual Glossary entries). +
khrag;Rakta;As a symbolic representation used in development stage practice, blood is often visualized filling a skull cup, representing the conquering of the four demons. [KR 51]. +
sbyor lam;Path of Joining;path of joining;The second of the five paths;the point at which one has amassed the fundamental virtues that are the critical factors needed to transcend mundane existence, "joined" with the direct realization of the truth, grasped this truth through the knowledge that comes from meditation, and realized that phenomena lack any true nature. [TD 2030] +