Literally, "solitary buddha." One who attains the cessation of suffering without relying on a teacher by meditating on the twelve links of dependent arising. Though realizing the emptiness of perceived phenomena, they lack the complete realization of a buddha and so cannot benefit limitless beings. +
The ultimate nature of the mind and the true status of all phenomena; the state beyond all conceptual constructs, which can be known only by primordial wisdom and in a manner that transcends duality. +
In a Buddhist context, ignorance is not mere nescience; it is mistaken apprehension. It is the incorrect understanding of, or failure to recognize, the ultimate nature of beings and phenomena and falsely ascribing true existence to them. +
Second human master in the lineage of the Great Perfection and the chief disciple of Prahevajra. He divided the Dzogchen teachings into the Mind Class, the Space Class, and the Instruction Class. +
Also known as Khenpo Bodhisattva. An emanation of the bodhisattva Vajrapani, he was the abbot of Vikramashila and Samye. He ordained the first monks in Tibet and was the founder of a philosophical school combining Madhyamaka and Yogachara. +
Powerful, long-living serpent-like beings dwelling in water domains and often guarding great treasures. Nagas belong half to the animal realm and half to the god realm. They generally live in the form of snakes, but many can change into human form. +
Awakened state of mind. Can refer to the aspiration to attain enlightenment for the sake of all beings or, in the context of Dzogchen, the innate awareness of awakened mind. +
One of the temples at Samye that was specifically used for translation. Samye was constructed according to the Buddhist view of the universe, with the main temple as Mount Meru and the surrounding temples like the four main continents, the eight subcontinents, and the sun and moon. +