theg dman;ཐེག་དམན་;Hinayāna;In terms of doctrine and tenets, the term Hinayāna refers to the teachings of the ‘lower vehicle,’ or the lower two of the four Indian Buddhist tenets. In terms of causes and results, it refers to the paths and results of the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas. +
khams;ཁམས་;dhātu;All the compounded and uncompounded phenomena are regarded as dhātus, or ‘spheres of perception,’ in terms of being either the object, the supporting base or the primary causes of perception. There are eighteen dhātus: six objects (form, sound, odor, taste, tangible objects, and objects of mental consciousness), six sense powers (the five senses plus the mind), and six consciousnesses (of the five senses plus the mind). +
mtshan ma;མཚན་མ་;sign;sign;nimitta;This term has several meanings, depending on the context. It may mean conceptual elaboration, distinguishing characteristic, or mark. +
kun gzhi rnam shes;ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་ཤེས་;all-base consciousness;all-base consciousness;ālaya-vijñāna;This is the consciousness containing the latencies through which the results of karma arise from life to life. It is accepted only by the Mahāyāna schools (Madhyamaka and Cittamātra). +
'phags pa;འཕགས་པ་;ārya;A superior being who has attained direct realization of ultimate reality. There are four kinds of ārya: śrāvaka ārya, pratyeka ārya, bodhisattva ārya and the fully enlightened ārya. +
khor gsum;ཁོར་གསུམ་;three factors;three factors;Taking the three factors ofthe method practice of generosity as an example, they are: the gift, the receiver and the giver. +
chos kyi sku;ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་;dharmakāya;According to the Madhyamaka scholars who assert that there are three kāyas in the Prajnāpāramitāyāna, it refers to non-differentiation of complete cessation and omniscient realization of complete Buddha and it is a synonym of svabhāvakāya. +
‘byung ba bzhi;འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་;four elements;four elements;mahābhūtāni;These are earth, water, fire and air. They are all the nature of the fifth outer entity (touch). +
sems tsam;སེམས་ཙམ་;Cittamātra;This is one of the four main Indian Buddhist schools, being the highest ofthe three “realist” schools. It is also known as the 'Mind Only’ school, because although its adherents recognize the nonexistence of external phenomena, it claims that all phenomena are of the nature of truly existent mind. +
zhen yul;ཞེན་ཡུལ་;conceived object;conceived object;adhyavasāya;The direct object ofthe conceptual subjective mind, one ofthe four “objects” explained in logic texts. +
shing rta’i srol ‘byed;ཤིང་རྟའི་སྲོལ་འབྱེད་;Great Charioteers;great charioteers;This term refers to two great Indian masters, Nāgārjuna and Asaṅga, who independently clarified the meaning of the Mahāyāna sūtras. +
rtag pa’i lta ba;རྟག་པའི་ལྟ་བ་;eternalism;eternalism;śāśvata darśana;The view of inherent existence of the ‘perfect’ (one of the three characteristics), eternal self, Īśvara, elements, etc. or the object of conceptual thought’s mode of apprehending, which conceives phenomena as permanent and unchanging (for example conceiving yesterday’s mind as no different from today’s mind). +
las kyi thob pa;ལས་ཀྱི་ཐོབ་པ་;acquisition of the deed;acquisition of the deed;This is one of the nonassociated compositional factors accepted as inherent functional entity by the Vaibhāṣika school +
bag nyal;བག་ཉལ་;dormant latencies;dormant latencies;anuśaya;These are the traces or residues of afflictions left behind in the mind stream. They belong to the cognitive obscurations and are removed on the path of cultivation. +