The lesser nirvana refers to the liberation from cyclic existence attained by a hinayana practitioner. When referring to a buddha, ''nirvana'' is the great nondwelling state of enlightenment which falls neither into the extreme of samsaric existence nor into the passive state of cessation attained by an arhant. +
''Samsara'' means to spin or circle endlessly, as on a potter's wheel or on the rim of a water wheel. The idea is that sentient beings take birth and die, endlessly, in the six realms of samsara: the abodes of hell-beings, hungry ghosts, animals, humans, demigods, and gods. +
The two main aspects of vajrayana practice. By uniting the means (upaya) of the development stage, the fabricated, with the knowledge (prajña) of the completion stage, the unfabricated, a tantric practitioner swiftly attains complete enlightenment. +
The completion stage with concepts is the Six Doctrines of Naropa according to the Sarma schools or Anu Yoga in the Nyingma system; the completion stage without concepts is Essence Mahamudra according to Sarma or Dzogchen in the Nyingma system. +
All the components of our existence, the skandhas, elements, and so forth of the world and of all beings, are, in their pure aspects, a pure realm consisting of the five male and female buddhas and so forth; so, when perceiving things as they are, there is not even a speck of impurity to find anywhere. This is the basic view of the Anuttara Tantra of the New Schools and the Three Inner Tantras of the Old School. For more information see Longchen Rabjam's ''phyogs bcu mun sel'', recently translated by Gyurme Dorje. +
At the time of death of a practitioner who has reached the exhaustion of all grasping and fixation through the Dzogchen practice of Thögal, the five gross elements which form the physical body dissolve back into their essences, five-colored light (the natural lights of the buddha nature). Sometimes only the hair and the nails are left behind. +