The perfect age (''rdzogs-ldan'', Skt. ''kṛtayuga''), the age of “threes” (''gsum-ldan'', Skt. ''tretāyuga''), the age of “twos” (''gnyis-ldan'', Skt. ''dvāparayuga'') and the age of degeneration (''rtsod-ldan'', Skt. ''kaliyuga''). The names are derived from the ancient Indian game of four-sided dice, “perfection” being the score of four, second-place a three, third-place a two, and ''kali'' being the name for the lowest score, a one. 268-9 +
Those scrolls in which earth treasures or their inventories were concealed are held to be of five kinds, symbolising the FIVE ENLIGHTENED FAMILIES. 74l +
In the perfection stage of [[Mahāyoga]], these are the immediacy of total awareness (''rig-pa spyi-blugs'') and the meditative absorption which follows after insight (''mthong-ba'i rjes-la 'jog-pa''). 280 +
Understanding all forms (''rnam-mkhyen'', Skt. ''sarvākārajñāna''), understanding of the path (''lam-shes-nyid'', Skt. ''mārgajñatā''), understanding of everything (''thams-cad shes-pa-nyid'', Skt. ''sarvajñatā''), the manifestly perfect realisation of all forms (''rnam-kun mngon-rdzogs rtogs-pa'', Skt. ''sarvākārābhisambodha''), reaching the climax of existence (''rtse-mor phyin-pa'', Skt. ''murdhābhisamaya''), culminating realisation (''mthar-gyis-pa'', Skt. ''anupurvābhisamaya''), the instantaneous perfect enlightenment (''skad-cig-ma gcig-gis mngon-par rdzogs-par byang-chub-pa'i sbyor-ba'', Skt. ''ekakṣaṇābhisamaya'') and the buddha-body of reality (''chos-sku'', Skt. 'dharmakāya'). 94-5 +
According to Longcenpa, ''[[Treasury of the Supreme Vehicle]]'', Vol. 2, p. 282, in the path of All-Surpassing Realisation these are; (1) the essential which swiftly intensifies the appearance of awareness, which is partially pure, just as it is, by focusing on an outer object, such as the vanishing of clouds in the sky (''phyi'i yul nam-mkha' sprin-dengs-la gtad-pas rig-pa rang-sa sangs-phyed la snang-ba'i 'bel-myur''); (2) the essential which unites the mother and offspring inner radiance by focusing on the inner object which is the lamp of the expanse (''nang-gi yul dbyings-kyi sgron-ma-la gtad-pas 'od-gsal ma-bu 'brel''); and (3) the essential which clarifies the primordially pure intention, just as it is, wherein all things have ceased, by focusing on the secret object which is awareness just as it is (''gsang-ba'i yul rig-pa rang-s''a-la ''gtad-pas ka-dag chos-zad-kyi dgongs-pa rang-sa-na gsal-ba'i gnad''). 338 +
According to [[Rongzompa]] (cited in ''History'', pp. 889-90), the ancient translations are superior through their benefactors (the THREE ANCESTRAL RELIGIOUS KINGS), their locations (Samye, etc.), their translators ([[Vairocana]], etc.), their scholars ([[Padmasambhava]], etc.), their large offerings and their very doctrines. 375 +
These were the first monks of Tibet: Ba Trhizi (''sba khri-gzigs''), ordained as Śrīghoṣa (''dpal-dbyangs''); Ba Selnang (''sba gsal-snang''), ordained as Jñānendra (''ye-shes dbang-po''); Ba Trhizher (''sba khri-bzher/-gzhir''); Pagor (''spa-gor'') [[Vairocana]], or Vairocanarakṣita; Ma Rincen-chok (''rma rin-chen-mchog''); Gyelwa Choyang (''rgyal-ba mchog-dbyangs''); and Khön Lüiwangpo Sungwa ('' 'khon klu'i dbang-po srung-ba''), or Nāgendrarakṣita. Alternate listings often include Tsang Lekdrup (''rtsang legs-grub'') or Lasum Gyelwei Cangcup (''la-sum rgyal ba'i byang-chub''). 511, 515, 575, 950 +
These are the phases from conception in the womb to the moment of birth (''mngal-du skye-ba bzung-pa-nas btsas-pa'i bar''), from the moment of birth to adult maturity (''btsas-nas nar-son-pa'i bar'') and from adult maturity to old age (''nar-son-nas rgan-po'i bar''). 34, 278-81 +
According to the ''Tantra of the Secret Nucleus'', as explained in [[Sūryaprabhāsiṃha]]'s ''Commentary on the Secret Nucleus'', pp. 2-3, these are the uncreated reality which is the causal basis of the maṇḍala, the resultant reality which is the spontaneous [[Samantabhadra]] and the reality which appears as a chain of seed-syllables and is the causal basis of the secret enlightened mind. 915 +
These are the ultimate truth of the expanse (''dbyings don-dam''), the ultimate truth of pristine cognition (''ye-shes don-dam'') and the fivefold ultimate truth of the result, i.e. the great mystery of the buddha-body, speech, mind, attributes and activities ('' 'bras-bu don-dam''). 248-9 +
These are ignorance (''ma-rig-pa'', Skt. ''avidyā''), habitual tendencies ('' 'du-byed'', Skt. ''saṃskāra''), consciousness (''rnam-shes'', Skt. ''vijñāna''), name and form (''ming-dang gzugs'', Skt. ''nāmarūpa''), the six activity fields of the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and intellect (''skye-mched drug'', Skt. ''ṣaḍāyatana''), contact (''reg-pa'', Skt. ''sparśa''), feeling (''tshor-ba'', Skt. ''vedanā''), craving (''sred-pa'', Skt. ''tṛṣṇa''), the FIVE COMPONENTS (''nye-bar len-pa'i phung-po lnga'', Skt. ''upādānaskandha''), rebirth (''srid-pa'', Skt. ''bhava''), birth (''skye-ba'', Skt. ''jāti'') and old age and death (''rga-shi'', Skt. ''jarāmaraṇa''); Mvt. (2241-58). 25, 159, 228 +