Joy (dga' ba, ānanda), supreme joy (mchog dga', paramānanda), joy-without-joy/special joy (dga' bral gyi dga' ba/khyad dga', viramānanda), and connate joy (lhan cig skyes pa'i dga' ba, sahajānanda). The order of the first two is always joy and supreme joy; however, the order of the second two depends on the circumstances. When the context is ordinary people's experience, their lack of recognition of connate joy is followed by without-joy (see the commentary on chapter 6, lines 77–83). The main presentation in the Hevajra Tantra (part 1, chapter 10, verse 13; Dg.K. 12.2) is as follows: "The first is simply joy. "What is considered second is supreme joy. "The third is said to be without-joy. "The fourth is connate joy." The four joys are differentiated in terms of their intensity and degree of conceptuality. The Hevajra Tantra (part 1, chapter 8, verses 31–33; Dg.K. 9b.7–10.1) says: "The first joy is the warrior. "Supreme joy is the yoginī. "Intensely blissful joy is found in all. "The methods of such bliss [bring] perfect awareness. "The bliss of joy is slight. "Supreme joy exceeds it. "Without-joy is a joy without passion. "What remains is connate joy. "The first is the desire for contact. "The second is the desire for bliss. "The third is the collapse of your passion. "Thus, the fourth is to be meditated upon." In Revealing the Indestructible Vajra Secrets (31–32), Jamgön Kongtrul explains: "Joy, the first of those, is like a warrior because it involves a coarse level of concepts and just a little bliss. The second, supreme joy, is like a yoginī since its concepts are more subtle and its bliss greater. The third, intensely blissful joy, or without-joy, is found in every bliss because it is devoid of coarse and subtle concepts and [occurs when the practitioner's] mindstream is filled with bliss. The fourth, connateness, is recognized, or realized, perfectly through the methods that generate those kinds of bliss since it is the wisdom of great bliss, free from all concepts. . . . The third, without-joy, does not involve the sense faculties' perceptions of objects (such as forms), and it focuses on its object of bliss simply on the basis of the mental consciousness. Its joy is a mental state, which is of a relative nature without any apprehension of joy or bliss. Since it is not stuck on the object of its desires, it is "that which is without." Since it is that which is passionless, it is without passion. The fourth—what remains after those—is obtained after the passing of the [other] three joys (such as joy): it is nonconceptual connate joy that is not released from the vajra's jewel [or the lotus's pistils]." Regarding the Tibetan translations of viramānanda, Newman (1987, 377n18) says: "Kvaerne (1975: 111 [n101]) notes that vi- in the compound viramānanda is sometimes translated as khyad par gyi (khyad par gyi dga' ba), and taken as meaning viśiṣṭa, "special" or "extraordinary," and that -rama- is either untranslated, or regarded as synonymous with ānanda. . . . Other times viramānanda is translated as dga' bral gyi dga ba, "the joy of separation from joy"; cf. Snellgrove (1959a, 2.163).
Blue Radiance ('Od sngon, Nīlābha); Mandara (Mandha ra, Mandrarādri); Night (mTshan mo, Niṣhaḍha); Jewel-Creator (Nor bur byed/Nor bu 'Od, Maṇikara); Vessel (Bre bo, Droṇa); Snowy (Kha ba can, Shītādri); and Vajra Mountains (rDo rje'i ri, Vajraparvata). These seven mountains are described in the Kālachakra system. See the Kālachakra Tantra, chapter 1, verses 16 and 19 (C.T. 6: 7–8; and Newman 1987, 501 and 509). See also the Stainless Light's commentary on the Kālachakra Tantra, chapter 2, verse 35 (C.T. 6: 554–55; and Wallace 2004, 44).
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