cyclic existence;cyclic existence;samsara;Skt., samsara;the unsatisfactory state of existence, rooted in ignorance of the actual nature of reality, in which beings experience the various sufferings of repeated death and rebirth. +
apperception;apperception;the aspect of consciousness that is aware only of the consciousness itself. It is asserted by the Chittamatra school and refuted by the Madhyamaka school. +
Nāgārjuna;Indian Buddhist master of the second century who elucidated the Perfection of Wisdom Sutras of Buddha;the major expounder of the Madhyamaka philosophy. +
Chandrakīrti;Indian master of the sixth century who elucidated Nāgārjuna's exposition of the Madhyamaka philosophy;author of the ''Madhyamakāvtāra'' ([[sic]]). +
Chittamātra;third of the four major schools of Buddhist philosophy;this Mahāyāna school denies the existence of external objects and asserts the true existence of the mind;sometimes referred to as the Mind-only school. +
Mahāyāna;those paths of Buddhist thought and practice stressing the attainments of the full enlightenment of buddha hood for the benefit of others;the paths of the bodhisattva;the so-called greater vehicle. +
Vaisheshika;the mistaken view with which one believes one's I or self to exist independently and inherently, instead of being a mere imputation on the everchanging aggregates. +
Mount Meru;mount meru;the hub around which the various segments of the universe are arranged;visualized especially at the centre of mandala offerings. +
foundation consciousness;foundation consciousness;Skt., ''ālayavijñāna'';asserted by the Chittamātra school as the consciousness upon which the seeds of karmic actions are placed. +
wisdom;wisdom;knowing or understanding, specifically of the actual way in which things exist;the realizations leading to the attainment of the truth body (dharmakāya) of a buddha. +
dependent arising;dependent arising;the dependent and relational character of phenomena;any phenomenon so characterized. Establishing things as dependent arisings - i.e. as dependent upon parts, causes and mental imputation for their existence - overcomes the false view of their being inherently self-existent. +