Yogâcāra Buddhism Transmitted or Transformed? Paramārtha (499–569) and His Chinese Interpreters

{{Book
|BookPerson={{Book-person
|PersonPage=Keng, Ching
|PersonName=Ching Keng
}}{{Book-person
|PersonPage=Paramārtha
|PersonName=Paramārtha
}}
|FullTextRead=No
|BookToc=*{{i|'''Abstract'''|'''iii'''}}
*{{i|'''Table of Content'''|'''v'''}}
*{{i|'''List of Tables and Figures'''|'''xii'''}}
*{{i|'''Acknowledgement'''|'''xiii'''}}
*{{i|'''Abbreviations'''|'''xvii'''}}
*{{i|'''Dedication'''|'''xviii'''}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''0. Introduction'''|'''1'''}}
*{{i|0.1 Yogâcāra and Tathāgatagarbha as Two Competing Traditions|1}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yogâcāra Tradition (Acquired Gnosis) v.s. Tathāgatagarbha<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tradition (Inherent Gnosis)|2}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paramârtha's Life and Work in China|4}}
*{{i|0.2 The Traditional Image of Paramârtha and Its Problems|7}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Traditional Image of Paramârtha|7}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Traditional Interpretation of ''Jiexing'': ''Jiexing'' [equals] "Original<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Awakening"|9}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Problematizing the Traditional Image of Paramârtha|11}}
*{{i|0.3 Toward a New Image of Paramârtha: Methodological Considerations|13}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Situating My Dissertation in the Study of Religion|17}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Difficulties with Reconstructing the Original Teachings of Paramârtha|21}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) Reconstructing from Indian Sources with the Help of Chinese and<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tibetan Sources?|21}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) Reconstruction from Later Testimonies?|25}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A New Approach to the Study of Paramârtha|27}}
*{{i|0.4 Review of Previous Scholarship: Three Dubious Assumptions|30}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The ''Awakening of Faith'' Was Related to Paramârtha in a Certain Way|30}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) Paramârtha Stood Against Xuanzang|34}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) Yogâcāra and Tathāgatagarbha Are Two Distinct and Antagonistic<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Traditions|36}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Internal Diversity of Yogâcāra|39}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;More Than One Kinds of Tathāgatagarbha Thought|40}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Unawareness of the Heterogeneity of the ''Shelun'' Masters|41}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other Related Studies of Paramârtha and of the Sixth Century Chinese<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Buddhism|44}}
*{{i|0.5 Outline of Chapters|48}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''Chapter 1. Two Competing Readings of the Notion of ''Jiexing'' '''|'''52'''}}
*{{i|1.1 The Initial Passages on ''Jiexing''|52}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Shelun Jiexing'' Passage (1)|53}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Shelun Jiexing'' Passage (2)|54}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Relation between the Two "''Shelun Jiexing''" Passages"?|54}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ui 's Interpretation of ''Jiexing''|56}}
*{{i|1.2 The Genealogy of our Current Understanding of ''Jiexing''|62}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The First Stage: ''Jiexing'' Identified with the "Original awakening"|62}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Dasheng qixinlun yishu'' 大乘起信論義疏 by Tanyan (516-588)|62}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jingying Huiyuan 淨影慧遠  (523-592)|65}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Dasheng zhiguan famen'' 大乘止觀法門|67}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''She dasheng lun chao'' 攝大乘論抄|72}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jizang 吉藏 (549-623)|74}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The Second Stage: Two Kinds of "Original Awakening"|75}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Faxiang School: Wǒnch'ǔk 圓測 (613-696)|76}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huayan School: Wǒnhyo 元曉 (617-686)|79}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) The Third Stage: Return to the First Stage|81}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huayan School: Fazang 法藏 (643-712)|82}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Faxiang School: Tunnyun 遁倫 (active around 700?)|84}}
*{{i|1.3 "Permanence Reading" (''Awakening of Faith'') vs. "Impermanence Reading"<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(T2805)|86}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Implications of Reading ''Jiexing'' as "Original Awakening"|86}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The "Permanence Reading" of ''Jiexing''|90}}
*{{i|1.4 An Alternative Reading of ''Jiexing'' Suggested by T2805|90}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T2805 ''Jiexing'' Passage (1)|91}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T2805 ''Jiexing'' Passage (2)|92}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kimura's Study of ''Jiexing'' in T2805|94}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preliminary Observation of ''Jiexing'' in T2805|95}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impermanence Reading of ''Jiexing''|96}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Testimonies for the Impermanence Reading of ''Jiexing''|97}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhiyi 智顗 (538-597)|99}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Zhaolun shu'' 肇論疏|100}}
*{{i|1.5 Conclusion|103}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''Chapter 2. Doubts about the Connection between the ''Awakening of Faith'' and Paramârtha'''|'''105'''}}
*{{i|2.1 The Early Reception of the ''Awakening of Faith''|105}}
*{{i|2.2 The Inconsistency among the Chinese Buddhist Catalogues|108}}
*{{i|2.3 Three Claims Made regarding the Provenance of the ''Awakening of Faith''|111}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) Hirakawa: Paramârtha Translated the ''Awakening of Faith''|111}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Regarding the Doubt Cast by the ''Fajing lu''|111}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Regarding the Terminological Differences between the ''Awakening of Faith'' and<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other works by Paramârtha|112}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The ''Awakening of Faith'' was Based on Indian Scriptures|113}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) Mochizuki, Takemura: Paramârtha Had Nothing to Do with the<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Awakening of Faith''|114}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mochizuki|115}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Terminological Differences between the ''Awakening of Faith'' and<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paramârtha|119}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Strengthening Mochizuki's Arguments: Takemura's Observations|121}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(C) Kashiwagi, Yoshizu: the ''Awakening of Faith'' is connected with Paramârtha,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;although he may not have translated it|125}}
*{{i|2.4 How Does the ''Awakening of Faith'' Deviate from the Indian Yogâcāra Texts?|129}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Awakening of Faith'': Thusness Is Permeated|130}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''MSg'', ''MSgBh'', ''CWSL'': Unconditioned Dharmas Cannot Be Permeated|131}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thusness as the "Object" of the "non-discriminating cognition" in<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paramârtha|133}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thusness as the Object-support Condition in the ''Yogâcārabhūmi''|136}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The notion of ''zhenru suoyuanyuan zhongzi'' 眞如所緣緣種子|138}}
*{{i|2.5 Conclusion|141}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''Chapter 3. A Philological Investigation of T2805'''|'''143'''}}
*{{i|3.1 An Introduction to the Dunhuang Fragment T2805 (S.2747/Or. 8210)|143}}
*{{i|3.2 Some Preliminary Observations of T2805|146}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preliminary Dating of the Composition of T2805|147}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T2805 Cannot Be Done by Paramârtha Himself|148}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T2805 Probably Predates Xuanzang|148}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Style of T2805|149}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Division in terms of ''pin'' and ''zhang''|150}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Origin of ''zhang''?|152}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Reference to the ''Awakening of Faith'' in T2805|153}}
*{{i|3.3 Methodological Considerations about the Terminological Analysis|155}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ishii's NGSM Method|156}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Features of Paramârtha's Terminology|158}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A Few Features of the Chinese Language|160}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;More Methodological Considerations about Working with the CBETA|162}}
*{{i|3.4 The Affinity between T2805 and Paramârtha's Works from the<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Terminological Perspective|166}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) New Translated Terms Invented by Paramârtha's Group|174}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) Special Transliterations by Paramârtha's Group|174}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) Newly Introduced School Names|176}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) Special Technical Terms from Sanskrit|176}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5) Special Notions not directly from Sanskrit|177}}
*{{i|3.5 The Intimacy between T2805 with the ''Suixiang lun''|179}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Phrase ''Jiwufu''|181}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T2805 and ''Suixiang lun'': Written down/Transcribed by the Same Person|183}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reflections and Disclaimers|184}}
*{{i|3.6 The Northern and Southern Traditions of Chinese Buddhism in the<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sixth Century|185}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) T2805'sAffiliation with the Southern Chinese Buddhist Context|188}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The Distinction between the South vs. the North|189}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) The Confluence between the South and the North|190}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A Separate Category: "Authors in the North around 589-600"|191}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Exegetical Tools" in the South|198}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paucity of Extant Commentaries from the North|203}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Distinction between the North vs. the South from Later Testimonies|204}}
*{{i|3.7 Why is it unlikely that the Author of T2805 Was Originated from the<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;North?|205}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Some Terms in T2805 That Are Never Used by Authors from the North|206}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notions in T2805 That Were Rarely Used by Authors from the North|207}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) "Cause of Habituation" vs. "Cause of Retribution"|208}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The Notion of "the Last Mind of the ''Gotra'' of the Path"|212}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) The Notion of ''jingzhi'' ("cognitive object and cognition")|217}}
*{{i|3.8 What Would Constitute a Counter-example?|218}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Challenge (A)|219}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Challenge (B)|220}}
*{{i|3.9 Contact with Hui yuan?|223}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The Notion of "Arising by Adjusting to Falsity" (''suiwang sheng'' 隨妄生)|223}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The Notion of the "Three Kinds of Pure Land" (''sanzhong jingtu''<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;三種淨土)|226}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) The Notion of "Reversely Permeating" (''huanxun'')|229}}
*{{i|3.10 Contact with the Buddhist Tradition in the North?|231}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The Notion of "Ten Bodhisattva-stage of the Śrāvaka Vehicle"<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(''shengwen shidi'' 聲聞十地)|231}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) ''Liushi xin'' 六時心: T 2805 and the Interpolated Explanation of the ''FXL''|232}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) The Term ''lineng'' 力能 ("power and capability")|234}}
*{{i|3.11 Conclusion|235}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''Chapter 4. Doctrinal Coherence between T2805 and Paramârtha's Works'''|'''237'''}}
*{{i|4.1 The Altering of Consciousness into the Dual Aspects|237}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Term ''Shibianyi'' in the ''Shelun''|238}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Term ''Shibianyi'' in the ''Viṃśatikā''|240}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Term ''Shibianyi'' in the ''Triṃśikā''|242}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What Does the Consciousness Alter into?|244}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Term ''Shibianyi'' in T2805| 246}}
*{{i|4.2 The Compound "Mind-thinking-consciousnesses" (''xinyishi''|247}}
*{{i|4.3 The Notion of "Disclosing Cause"|253}}
*{{i|4.4 The Nirvana of Non-abiding|259}}
*{{i|4.5 Whether One Realizes the Dharma-body at the First Bodhisattva-stage|261}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paramârtha: Dharma-body Includes Both Thusness and the "Cognition" of<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thusness|264}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T2805: The Dharma-body is Attained at the First Bodhisattva-stage|267}}
*{{i|4.6 Accomplishing Self-benefits Alone at the First Bodhisattva-stage|269}}
*{{i|4.7 The Cognition of "Representation-only" is the Substance of Pure land|272}}
*{{i|4.8 The Enjoyment-body of the Buddha|275}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Making Sense of the Mysterious Passage of the ''Shelun''|281}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Dharma-body as Unconditioned and the Enjoyment-body as<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conditioned|284}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Agreement between Paramârtha and Kuiji|286}}
*{{i|4.9 Conclusion|288}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''Chapter 5. Two ''Shelun'' Lineages and How the ''Awakening of Faith'' Came to be Attributed to Paramârtha?'''|'''289'''}}
*{{i|5.1 Where and When did the Dispute regarding ''Jiexing'' Take Place|289}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Disputes regarding ''Jiexing'' Is Located in Chang'an around 590 CE|289}}
*{{i|5.2 Testimonies about the Two ''Shelun'' Masters|291}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) Testimony from Jizang (1): Whether the Permeation of Hearing Ceases|292}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Permeation of Hearing Ceases: Agreeing with the ''Awakening of Faith''|294}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Permeation of Hearing Does not Cease: Agreeing with T2805|296}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) Testimony from Jizang (2): regarding the Eighth and the Ninth<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consciousnesses|298}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Eighth Consciousness [equals] Defiled; Ninth Consciousness [equals]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Undefiled|299}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The "Exclusive Model" of the Ninth Consciousness|301}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Eighth Consciousness [equals] Both Defiled and Undefiled|302}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The "Inclusive Model" of the Ninth Consciousness|303}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(C) Testimony from Huij: regarding the Buddha-''gotra''|307}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All Three Buddha-''gotras'' Are "Direct Cause" to Buddhahood|310}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Innate Buddha-''gotra'' Alone Is the "Direct Cause" to Buddhahood|312}}
*{{i|5.3 The ''Shelun''-T2S05 Lineage vs. the ''Shelun-Awakening of Faith'' Lineage|317}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A Brief Review of the Spread of Paramârtha's Legacy|317}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tanqian: the Major Figure of the ''Shelun-Awakening of Faith'' Lineage|320}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Daoni as the Most Probable Author of T2805|324}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;An Explanation of Why Daoni and Tanqian Had Different Views|327}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Prosperity of the ''Shelun-Awakening of Faith'' Lineage|329}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Premature Demise of the ''Shelun''-T2805 Lineage|331}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Possible Causes Leading to the Demise of Daoni's Lineage|333}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Challenges and an Apology for Tanqian|336}}
*{{i|5.4 A Significant Implication: The ''Awakening of Faith'' was not connected with<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paramârtha|340}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A Brief Review of Kashiwagi's Claim for the Indian Provenance of the<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Awakening of Faith''|340}}
*{{i|5.5 A Note to the Debates between the ''Dilun'' and the ''Shelun'' Schools|341}}
*{{i|5.6 Conclusion|345}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''Chapter 6. So, What Might ''Jiexing'' Be?'''|'''348'''}}
*{{i|6.1 Clues from Paramârtha's ''Shelun''|349}}
*{{i|6.2 Clues from T2805|358}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Wisdom Attained through Hearing and Reflecting" and "Wisdom Attained<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;through Cultivating"|360}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T2805 ''Jiexing'' Passage (2)|363}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Birth of ''Jiexing''?|365}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Birth of ''Jiexing'' as a "Contributory Cause"?|367}}
*{{i|6.3 Is It Legitimate to Find Clues for ''Jiexing'' from Xuanzang's translations?|369}}
*{{i|6.4 ''CWSL'': ''Jiexing'' [equals] Uncontaminated Seeds?|371}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Jiexing'' [does not equal] "Uncontaminated seeds"|375}}
*{{i|6.5 ''CWSL'': ''Jiexing'' Referring to ''"Gotra"''?|376}}
*{{i|6.6 ''FDJL'': ''Jiexing'' [equals] lnnate ''Gotra''?|380}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Innate ''Gotra'' and the Non-discriminating Cognition|382}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Four Wisdoms vs. the Non-discriminating Cognition?|384}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Jiexing'' as a "Contributory Cause"?|385}}
*{{i|6.7 Checking Back with Paramârtha's ''FXL''|386}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Jiexing''—"Brought-out ''Gotra''"?|391}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Jiexing'': Meant to Resolve the Problem with the ''Gotra''-theory in the ''FXL''|393}}
*{{i|6.8 ''Jiexing'' as the Contributory Cause|395}}
*{{i|6.9 A Note about ''"Jie"'' in ''Jiexing''|398}}
*{{i|6.10 Conclusion: What ''Jiexing'' Is|399}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''Chapter 7. Does Paramârtha still Subscribe to Tathāgatagarbha Thought?'''|'''401'''}}
*{{i|7.1 Vasubandhu's Use of the Term "Tathāgatagarbha"|401}}
*{{i|7.2 Vasubandhu: Dharma-body Is Thusness|404}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) Vasubandhu: Thusness as the Self-nature (''svabhāva'') of all Buddhas|407}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) Vasubandhu: the Dharma-body [equals] the Dharma-realm ([equals]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thusness)|407}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(C) Vasubandhu: Thusness is the Body of Tathāgatas|408}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(D) Vasubandhu: Dharma-body as the "Disclosure of Thusness"|408}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(D.l) Thusness Discloses Itself to Be the Buddhas|409}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(D.2) Buddhahood is Disclosed through Thusness|409}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(D.3) All Buddhas are disclosure of Thusness|410}}
*{{i|7.3 Forerunners of the Identification between Dharma-body and Thusness|412}}
*{{i|7.4 Dharma-body and Thusness: Different only in Perspective|414}}
*{{i|7.5 Vasubandhu: the Tathāgatagarbhan Yogâcārin!|418}}
*{{i|7.6 Strong and Weak Senses of the Notion of "Tathāgatagarbha"|422}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Tathāgatagarbha" in the Strong Sense|422}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Tathagatagarbha" in the Weak Sense|423}}
*{{i|7.7 The "Buddha-''gotra'' of Principle" vs. the "Buddha-''gotra'' of Practice"|424}}
*{{i|7.8 Where does Paramârtha Stand in the Theory of Buddha-''gotra''?|427}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paramartha's ''FXL''|428}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Innate Buddha-''gotra''" vs. "Brought-out Buddha-''gotra''" in the ''FXL''|430}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Three Causes [for Buddhahood] in the ''FXL''|432}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Issue of lccantika|434}}
*{{i|7.9 ''FXL'' among the Post-Vasubandhu Yogâcāra Traditions|435}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''RGV''-''FXL'' in Contrast to Other Yogâcāra Texts|436}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''Gotra'' Theory in the Development of Yogâcāra|439}}
*{{i|7.10 Conclusion|440}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''8. Conclusion'''|'''441'''}}
*{{i|8.1 What Did I Achieve in This Dissertation?|441}}
*{{i|8.2 Back to the Three False Assumptions about Paramârtha|442}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The ''Awakening of Faith'' Was Connected with Paramârtha|443}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) Paramârtha Stood Against Xuanzang|446}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) Yogâcāra and Tathāgatagarbha Are Two Distinct and Antagonistic<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trends of Thought|448}}
*{{i|8.3 Some General Remarks about the Study of Paramârtha and the Sixth-<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Century Chinese Buddhism|449}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) Chinese Buddhist Texts as Snapshots of Indian Buddhism|450}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) Examining Chinese Texts First in the Chinese Context|451}}
*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(C) Sinification of Buddhism?|454}}<br><br>
*{{i|'''Bibliography'''|'''460'''}}
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