- List of Tables and Figuresix
- Prefacexi
- Abbreviationsxv
- 1. Ryōgen's Place in the History of the Tendai School1
- 2. The Early History of Factionalism within the Tendai School: From Saicho
through the Mid-tenth Century15 - 3. Ryōgen's Early Years45
- 4. Ryōgen's Rise to Prominence56
- 5. Ryōgen and the Fujiwaras: Patronage and Esoteric Buddhist Ritual71
- 6. The Owa Debates94
- 7. Ryōgen's Appointments as Head of the Tendai School and to the Office of
Monastic Affairs118 - 8. The Significance of Ryōgen's Revival of the Examination System128
- 9. Rebuilding the Tendai Establishment on Mount Hiei167
- 10. Ryōgen as Zasu: Financing the Spread of Tendai Influence190
- 11. Factionalism and Ryōgen's Efforts to Control the Order218
- 12. Ryōgen and the Role of Nuns in Ninth- and Tenth-century Japan245
- 13. Epilogue: Ryōgen's Posthumous Career289
- Appendix 1. Ennin and Yokawa305
- Appendix 2. A Note on Morosuke's Interests311
- Appendix 3. Dying Instructions of the Great Archbishop Jie313
- Appendix 4. Takamitsu’s Retreat to Tonomine 327
- Appendix 5. A Record of the Owa Debates331
- Appendix 6. Ten Doubts concerning the Hosso School337
- Appendix 7. Zoga as an Eccentric341
- Appendix 8. Invocation of Tendai Abbot Ryogen345
- Notes367
- Glossary463
- Bibliography491
- Index511
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