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Books/The Buddha Nature: A Study of the Tathāgatagarbha and Ālayavijñāna (Dissertation) +

*Chapter * I. Introduction1 ** Part One4 ** Part Two23 ** Part Three34 <center>Part One</center> <center>The ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in the ''Śrī-Mālā Sūtra''</center> <center>and the ''Ratnagotrabibhāga''</center> * II. Analysis of the ''Śrī-Mālā Sūtra''39 ** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as Ontic Subjectivity41 ** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' and Soteriology45 ** The Status of the Buddha54 ** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' and Epistemology58 ** The Nescience Entrenchment61 ** The Buddha Natures64 ** The Four Noble Truths67 ** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as Both ''Śūnya'' and ''Aśūnya''75 ** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as Self-Explicitating Knowledge81 ** Evaluation86 * III. The ''Ratnagotravibhāga''91 ** The Jewels of the ''Dharma'' and the ''Saṃgha''97 ** ''Samalā'' and ''Nirmalā'' ''Tathatā''105 ** Threefold Meaning of the ''Tathāgatagarbha''108 ** The Meaning of ''Gotra''112 * IV. Characteristics of the Embryo Reality: Its Self-Nature125 ** The Cause of the Embryo's Purification126 ** The Four Supreme Virtues: Antidotal Methodology129 ** ''Ātma-Pāramitā'': Supreme Unity142 ** ''Nitya-Pāramitā'': Supreme Eternity154 ** Supreme Bliss and Supreme Purity161 ** The Result of the Embryo's Self-Purification164 ** The Union with the Purifying Factors166 * V. Further Characteristics of the Embryo169 ** The Function of the Embryo Towards Self-Purification169 ** The Embryo's Manifestation173 ** ''Cittaprakṛti'': the Innate Mind178 ** Buddhahood and ''Nirvāṇa''192 * VI. Nine Illustrations of the ''Garbha''201 ** Threefold Nature of the ''Tathāgatagarbha''207 * VII. The ''Tathāgatagarbha'' and ''Śūnyatā''215 ** The ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as ''Śūnya'' and ''Aśūnya''224 ** The ''Ratnagotra'' and the ''Prajñāpāramitā'' Tradition235 * VIII. The Properties of the Buddha249 ** ''Nirmalā Tathatā''252 ** Evaluation262 <center>Part Two</center> <center>The ''Alayavijñāna'' in the ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra''</center> <center>And the ''Ch'eng Wei-Shih Lun''</center> * IX. The ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra''271 ** The Union of the ''Tathāgatagarbha'' and the ''Ālayavijñāna''271 ** The Confusion of Epistemology and Ontology in the ''Laṅkāvatāra''279 * X. The ''Ch'eng Wei-Shih Lun''292 ** The Metaphysics of Mere-Consciousness292 ** The ''Ālayavijñāna'' and the ''Bījas''301 * XI. The ''Ālayavijñāna'' and Ignorance314 ** ''Ātmagrāha'' and ''Dharmagrāha''314 ** The ''Manas'' and ''Manovijñāna''316 ** The Ultimate Origin of Ignorance326 * XII. The Holy Path of Attainment332 ** The Stage of Moral Provisioning332 ** The Stage of Intensified Effort333 ** The Stage of Unimpeded Penetrating Understanding336 ** The Stage of Exercising Cultivation339 ** The Stage of Ultimate Realization350 <center>Part Three</center> <center>The ''Tathāgatagarbha-Ālayavijñāna''</center> <center>Summary and Comparison</center> * XIII. Conclusion356 ** The ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in the ''Śrī-Māla Sūtra''356 ** The ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''361 ** The ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra''374 ** The ''Ch'eng Wei-Shih Lun''378 ** The Ultimate Status of Ignorance in the Theory of the ''Tathāgatagarbha-Ālayavijñāna''382 ** The ''Tathāgatagarbha-Ālayavijñāna'' and the Hegelian Absolute Spirit391 * Appendix 1418 * Appendix 2422 * Selected Bibliography425

Books/The Buddha Nature: Death and Eternal Soul in Buddhism +

* Acknowledgement7 * Foreword11 * Preface15 * I. Buddha Nature21 * II. The Clear Light Mind27 * III. Self and Non-Self35 * IV. Buddhahood41 * V. Individuality and Universality57 * VI. Mind and Body63 * VII. Buddhist Meditation69 * VIII. Talk in Salzburg75 +

Books/The Buddha Within (Hookham) +

* '''Acknowledgements'''xiii * Yogin Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso's Spontaneous Verses on the Subject of Rangtong and Shentongxv * '''Chapter 1: General Introduction'''1 * The Omnicient Dolpopa's Prayer that Unties the Vajra Word Knots5 * '''Section One–The Issues'''9 * '''Chapter 2: Introduction to the Rangtong-Shentong Distinction'''11 * 2.1 The Origin and Significance of Buddhist Commentarial Traditions11 * 2.2 The Rangtong-Shentong Distinction13 * 2.3 The Meaning of Rangtong14 * 2.4 The Meaning of Shentong15 * 2.5 The Importance of the Rangtong-Shentong Distinction16 * '''Chapter 3: Emptiness from the Shentong Point of View'''19 * 3.1 Progressive Stages of Meditation on Emptiness19 * 3.2 The Final Stage–Shentong (Yogacara Madhyamaka)22 * 3.3 No Shentong Without a Proper Understanding of Rangtong26 * 3.4 Problems of Definitions of Terms29 * '''Chapter 4: The Shentong View of Absolute Reality'''33 * 4.1 Buddhajnana33 * 4.2 Inseparable Qualities37 ** i. Inseparable Qualities of the Dharmakaya38 ** ii. The Concept of Uncompoundedness44 ** iii. Inseparability and the Spontaneous Existence of the Buddha Qualities47 * 4.3 Buddha Activity51 * '''Chapter 5: Means of Apprehending Absolute Reality'''57 * 5.1 Faith57 ** i. Faith and Buddhajnana57 ** ii. Faith and Direct Experience60 ** iii. Direct Experience as Valid Cognition63 * 5.2 Non-conceptuality (nisprapanca)65 ** i. Nisprapanca as Awareness Experienced in Meditation65 ** ii. Nisprapanca as Freedom from Extremes71 ** ii. Nisprapanca as Non-conceptuality in the RGV (1.9)73 ** ii. Nisprapanca as in the Tantras77 * 5.3 The Two Realities and the Two Visions79 ** i. Satya79 ** ii. Paramarthasatya79 ** iii. Samvrtisatya81 ** iv. Ultimate Reality is not Dependent Arising82 ** v. Own Nature and Other Nature (''Svabhava'' and ''Parabhava'')82 ** vi. The Two Realities Inseparable83 ** vii. The Two Senses of Manifestation and Emptiness85 ** viii. The Importance of the Distinction85 ** ix. The Relationship Between the To Realities87 ** x. The Two Visions–Precisely What Is and the Extent of What Is (''Yathavadbhavikata'' and ''Yavadbhavikata'')87 * '''Chapter 6: The Nature of Beings'''91 * 6.1 Base, Path, and Fruit91 * 6.2 Tathagatagarbha91 ** i. The Shentong and Rangtong Approaches Compared94 ** ii. The Term "Tathagatagarbha"99 * 6.3 Self100 * 6.4 Gotra104 ** i. The "Cut-off" Gotra and the Three Yanas105 ** ii. Gotra as both Cause and Emptiness108 * '''Chapter 7: The Third Dharmacakra: Neyartha or Nitartha'''113 * 7.1 The Third Dharmacakra113 ** i. The Three Dharmacakras113 ** ii. The Third Dharmacakra as Nitartha114 ** iii. Kongtrul's Distinction Between the Tow Kinds of Nitartha Sutra of the Third Dharmacakra117 ** iv. Dolpopa's Anlaysis121 ** v. The Third Dharmacakra is Not Cittamatra122 * 7.2 Neyartha and Nitartha124 ** i. Rangtong Explanations of Neyartha and Nitartha124 ** ii. The Terms "Neyartha" and "Nitartha"126 ** iii. The ''Ratnagotravibhaga''—Neyartha or Nitartha?127 * '''Section Two–Historical Background'''133 * '''Chapter 8: The Shentong Tradition'''135 * 8.1 The Jonangpas135 ** i. The Jonangpa Lineage135 ** ii. Some Opponents and Supporters of Shentong136 ** iii. ''The Mountain Dharma–Ocean of Nitartha (Ri chos nges don gya mtsho'', RC)136 ** iv. Comparison With Later Shentongpas140 ** v. The Essence of the Controversy141 ** vi. Shentong is Secret Oral Instruction142 * 8.2 Sources of Shentong143 ** i. The Tibetan Inheritance143 ** ii. Some of Dolpopa's Indian Sources of Shentong147 ** iii. Other Views on the Indian Sources of Shentong149 ** iv. The ''Brhattika''151 ** v. Nagarjuna's ''Stotra'' and ''Karikas''154 ** vi. How Shentong Relates to Later Developments of Buddhism in India156 ** vii. The Term "Great Madhyamaka"157 ** viii. Tantric Shentong159 * 8.3 Kongtrul and the Rimay Tradition161 ** i. Kongtrul161 ** ii. The Rimay Tradition162 * '''Chapter 9: Traditions of Interpretation of the RGV and RGVV'''165 * 9.1 Introduction to the ''Ratnagotravibhaga'' and ''Ratnagotravibhagavyakhya'' and Associated Traditions.165 ** i. Authorship and Rediscovery165 ** ii. Maitreya166 ** iii. The Importance of the Maitreya-Asanga Connection167 ** iv. The RGV as a Synthesis of the Tathagatagarbha Sutras and the Prajnaparamita Sutras169 ** v. The ''Vyakhya'' (RGVV)171 ** vi. Transmission to Tibet171 * 9.2 Matters Arising from the Introduction to Kongtrul's Commentary on the RGV. 172 ** i. The Two Tibetan Transmission Lineages of the RGV172 ** ii. Questions Arising from Kongtrul's Commentary173 ** iii. Other Commentators Not Mentioned in the Initial Praises175 ** iv. Gampopa and the Sutra and Tantra Mahamudra176 ** v. Rangjung Dorje and the Mahamudra-Dzogchen Synthesis178 * '''Section Three–A Shentong Interpretation of the RGV and RGVV and a Translation of Kongtrul's Introduction to His RGV Commentary'''179 * '''Chapter 10: A Shentong Interpretation of the RGV and RGVV–A Paraphrase With Comments'''181 * 10.1 The Title and its Implications 181 * 10.2 General Introduction to the Seven Vajra Bases 182 * 10.3 Vajra Bases 1–3: The Three Jewels 186 * 10.4 Vajra Base 4: The Dhatu (Element)192 ** Causes and Conditions for Purification192 ** The Four Paradoxes193 ** The Three Reasons196 ** The Element Arranged in Ten Points198 ** The Nine Examples221 ** The Essence of the Doctrine229 ** The Purpose of the Instruction233 * 10.5 Vajra Base 5: Enlightenment235 * 10.6 Vajra Base 6: Qualities249 * 10.7 Vajra Base 7: Activity252 * 10.8 The Benefits260 * '''Chapter 11: Translation of the Introduction to Kongtrul's RGV Commentary'''263 * '''Chapter 12: Conclusion'''289 * '''Appendix 1: Works by Western Scholars'''295 * '''Appendix 2: ''Prakrtisunyata, Svabhavasunyata'' and ''Parabhavasunyata'' in Rangtong and Shentong Terms'''299 * '''Appendix 3: Further Details on the Three ''Svabhava'' and the Three Kinds of Emptiness as Found in the SNS'''303 * '''Appendix 4: The ''Sandhinirmocanasutra: Résumé'' '''311 * '''Appendix 5: Some Points of Comparision Between Rangtong Commentators on RGV'''317 * '''Appendix 6: The Five Dharmas of Maitreya'''325 * '''Abbreviations'''327 * '''Notes'''329 * '''Conventions Used'''363 * '''Glossary of Terms'''364 * '''Bibliography'''367 * '''Index'''397 * '''Tables''' * '''8.1'''152 * '''8.2'''153

Books/The Buddha from Dolpo (2010) +

* Preface to the Revised Editionvii * List of Illustrations xi * List of Plates xiii * Introduction 1 * PART ONE: ''The Life and Teachings of the Omniscient Dölpopa'' * Chapter One: The Life of the Buddha from Dölpo 9 ** 1. Childhood and Early Education 10 ** 2. Studies at the Great Monastery of Sakya 11 ** 3. The Move to Jonang 15 ** 4. Raising Mount Meru and Revealing the ''Shentong'' View 19 ** 5. The Initial Reception of the ''Shentong'' Teachings 22 ** 6. The New Jonang Translation of the ''Kālacakra Tantra'' and the ''Stainless Light''24 ** 7. Years of Retreat and Teaching 29 ** 8. Invitation to China by the Yüan Emperor Toghon Temür 29 ** 9. Changes in the Jonang Leadership and the Beginning of the Journey to Lhasa31 ** 10. Teachings in Central Tibet and the Return to Tsang 33 ** 11. The Aborted Meeting with Butön Rinchen Drup 35 ** 12. The Last Months at Jonang 36 * Chapter Two: A Historical Survey of the ''Shentong'' Tradition in Tibet 41 ** 1. The ''Shentong'' Tradition in Tibet before Dölpopa 42 ** 2. Dölpopa and the ''Shentong'' View 46 ** 3. The ''Shentong'' Tradition after Dölpopa 55 * Chapter Three: The Doctrine of the Buddha from Dölpo 85 ** 1. Emptiness of Self-nature and Emptiness of Other 87 ** 2. A Redefinition of Cittamātra and Madhyamaka 91 ** 3. Two Approaches to Enlightenment 103 * PART TWO: ''Texts in Translation'' * Introduction to the ''General Commentary on the Doctrine'' 113 * 1. Supplication Entitled ''General Commentary on the Doctrine'' 119 * Introduction to the ''Fourth Council'' and the ''Autocommentary to the "Fourth Council"''131 * 2. ''Great Calculation of the Doctrine That Has the Significance of a Fourth Council'' 135 * 3. ''Autocommentary to the "Fourth Council"''205 * Notes 313 * Bibliography 413 * Index 449

Books/The Buddha's Dream of Liberation: Freedom, Emptiness, and Awakened Nature +

* ''Preface''ix * Introduction: The Wheel of Dharma1 * '''Part I: The Three Turnings of the Wheel''' ** 1. The First Turning of the Wheel: Freedom and the Four Noble Truths13 ** 2. The Second Turning of the Wheel: Emptiness33 ** 3. The Third Turning of the Wheel: Awakened Nature and Everyday Consciousness59 * '''Part II: Turning the Wheel in the Twenty-First Century''' ** 4. Living Dharma83 ** 5. Tasting the Truth of the Buddha's Words: A Zen Perspective ''by Reb Anderson Roshi''103 ** 6. Envisioning Tara: A Vajrayana Perspective ''by Lama Palden Drolma''117 ** 7. The Buddha's Dream135 * ''Notes''141 * ''Bibliography''149 * ''Index''153 * ''About the Contributors''163 +

Books/The Buddha's Single Intention +

* Foreword ix * Preface xi * Introduction i ''Light of the Sun'' by Rikzin Chökyi Drakpa * Preliminaries 39 ** 1. The Vital Points of the Dharma Wheel 49 ** 2. The Vital Points of Dependent Origination 169 ** 3. The Vinaya-Prātimokṣa 209 ** 4. The Training of the Bodhisattvas 291 ** 5. The Observance of Mantra Awareness Holders 395 ** 6. View, Practice, and Conduct 517 ** 7. The Resultant State of Buddhahood 629 ** 8. Supplements 677 * Appendix: Commentaries of the ''Single Intention''733 * Table of Tibetan Transliteration 737 * Bibliography 747 * Index 785 * About the Author 843 +

Books/The Buddhist Feminine Ideal +

* Introduction1 *Chapter ** I. Historical Overview10 ** II. Tathāgatabarbha61 ** III. Tathāgatagarbha Thought in the Śrīmālādevī-Siṁhanāda Sūtra: Part I116 ** IV. Tathāgatagarbha Thought in the Śrīmālādevī-Siṁhanāda Sūtra: Part II136 * V. The Teaching of Queen Śrīmālā Who Had the Lion's Roar187 * Appendix I: Methodology278 * Appendix II: Bibliography287 +

Books/The Buddhist Philosophy of the Middle +

* Foreword by Tom Tillemans ix * Preface xiii * Abbreviations xix ** 1. Mathematical and Linguistic Models in Indian Thought: The Case of Zero and ''Śūnyatā'' (1978) 1 ** 2. Towards a Chronology of the Madhyamaka School (1982) 13 ** 3. The Uses of the Four Positions of the ''Catuṣkoṭi'' and the Problem of the Description of Reality in Mahāyāna Buddhism (1977) 37 *** I. The Four Positions in Early Buddhist Thought37 *** II. The Uses of the ''Catuṣkoṭi'' in the Madhyamaka40 *** III. Conjunction and Negation of Opposed Terms in Vijñānavāda Definitions of Reality 67 *** IV. Negation of Opposed Terms in the Description of the Absolute in the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' 81 *** V. The Vātsīputrīya Conception of the Indeterminate 84 *** Appendix I. Commentarial Interpretations of ''Mūlamadhyamakakārikā'' xviii.8 86 *** Appendix II. Some Modern Interpretations of the ''Catuṣkoṭi'' 89 *** Appendix III. The Logical Error of Negation of the Antecedent and the ''Mūlamadhyamakakārikās'' 109 *** Bibliography 111 ** 4. Le ''Dharmadhātustava'' de Nāgārjuna (1971) 113 ** 5. On the Authorship of Some Works Ascribed to Bhā(va)viveka/Bhavya (1990) 145 ** 6. The ''Svātantrika-Prāsaṅgika'' Distinction in the History of Madhyamaka Though (2006) 159 ** 7. Purport, Implicature, and Presupposition: Sanskrit ''abhiprāya'' and Tibetan ''dgongs pa / dgongs gzhi'' as Hermeneutical Concepts (1985) 195 ** 8. An Indian Source for the Tibetan Hermeneutical Term ''dgongs gzhi'', "Intentional Ground" (1998) 213 ** 9. Some Reflections on the Place of Philosophy in the Study of Buddhism (1995) 217 ** 10. On the Tibetan Historiography and Doxography of the "Great Debate of Bsam yas" (1992) 253 ** 11. Autour du ''Lta ba'i khyad par'' de Ye shes sde (1979) 267 ** 12. The Jo nang pas; A School of Buddhist Ontologists According to the ''Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Doctrines (Grub mtha' shel gyi me long)'' (1963) 289 ** 13. A Karma Bka' brgyud Work on the Lineages and Traditions of the Indo- Tibetan ''dbu ma'' (Madhyamaka) (1988) 323 ** 14. La Pensée Tibétaine (accompagné d'une traduction du ''Rten 'brel bstod pa legs bshad snying po'' de Tsong kha pa) (1989) 357 ** 15. The Indian and the Indic in Tibetan Cultural History, and Tsong kha pa's Achievement as a Scholar and Thinker: An Essay on the Concepts of "Buddhism in Tibet" and "Tibetan Buddhism" (2004) 375 * English Glossary of Selected Terms 399 * Publications by David Seyfort Ruegg 407 * Indexes 419

Books/The Buddhist Self +

** ACKNOWLEDGMENTSXI ** ABBREVIATIONSVIII ** CONVENTIONSXVII * 1 Introduction1 ** 1.1 Self and Not-Self in Early Buddhism1 ** 1.2 ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Literature in Overview11 ** 1.3 Essences, Natures, Wombs, and Chambers14 ** 1.4 Buddhist ''Ātmavāda:'' Preliminary Thoughts21 '''Part I: Buddha-Nature, the Self''' * 2 The ''Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra'' and the Buddhist Self29 ** 2.1 The Text29 ** 2.2 The Buddha as Self33 ** 2.3 Buddha-nature and the Self40 ** 2.4 Contentions and Clarifications47 ** 2.5 The True Self and False Notions of It55 ** 2.6 Self and Absence of Self59 ** 2.7 Buddha-nature in Dharmakṣema's MPNMSD+ 62 ** 2.8 Conclusions67 * 3 The ''Aṅgulimālīyasūtra'' and the Essential Self70 ** 3.1 The Text70 ** 3.2 An "Essence" of One's Own74 ** 3.3 What Buddha-nature Is Not: More False Notions of the Self77 ** 3.4 Perceiving Buddha-nature79 ** 3.5 Essence, Action, and the Self83 ** 3.6 A "Single Essence"87 ** 3. 7 Buddhism contra Other Systems91 ** 3.8 Conclusions95 * 4 The ''Mahābherīhārakasūtra'' and Liberation of the Self97 ** 4.1 The Text97 ** 4.2 Continuity of the Self100 ** 4.3 The Sovereign Self104 ** 4.4 Buddha-nature and Buddhist Practice107 ** 4.5 Self, Not-Self, and Emptiness109 ** 4.6 Conclusions114 '''Part II: Buddha-nature, Not Self''' * 5 The ''Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanādasūtra'' and the Perfection of Self119 ** 5.1 The Text119 ** 5.2 Reimagining ''Tathāgatagarbha''122 ** 5.3 The ''Dharmakāya'' and Its Qualities129 ** 5.4 On "Singularity"132 ** 5.5 Conclusions136 * 6 Other ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Sources139 ** 6.1 The ''Anūnatvāpūrṇatvānirdeśaparivarta''139 ** 6.2 The ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''143 ** 6.3 The ''Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra''148 * 7 The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' and the Self That Is No Self154 ** 7.1 The Text154 ** 7.2 Buddha-nature and the "Basic" RGV158 ** 7.3 "Perfection of Self' in the RGVV167 ** 7.4 ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as, Once Again, the Self175 ** 7.5 Conclusions178 * 8 The ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' and Rejecting the Buddhist Self181 ** 8.1 The Text181 ** 8.2 ''Tathāgatagarbha'' and Absence of Self183 ** 8.3 The ''"Ālayavijñāna-Tathāgatagarbha"''188 ** 8.4 Selfhood in the ''Sagāthaka''191 ** 8.5 Conclusions194 ** 8.6 Postscript: After the LAS195 '''Part III: Buddha-nature Reconsidered''' * 9 Recurring Themes and Motifs203 ** 9.1 The Single Vehicle203 ** 9.2 "Cryptic" Utterances210 ** 9.3 The Intrinsically Pure Mind214 ** 9.4 "Sarvalokapriyadarśana"217 ** 9.5 Emptiness and Nonemptiness218 ** 9.6 Non-Buddhists and Their Teachings223 * 10 Evolution of the Buddhist Self229 ** 10.1 The Course of Buddha-nature Teaching229 ** 10.2 Origins of the Buddha-nature Idea237 ** 10.3 Liberation and the Self245 ** 10.4 Buddhist Selfhood and the Mahāyāna253 ** 10.5 Closing Thoughts261 ** REFERENCES265 ** INDEX287

Books/The Buddhist Theory of Self according to Acarya Candrakirti +

* PREFACEiii <center>PART ONE: ANALYSIS</center> * CHAPTER ONE: Introduction2 * CHAPTER TWO: Foundations of Buddhist Philosophy9 * CHAPTER THREE: The Standard Buddhist Theory of Self24 * CHAPTER FOUR: Several Mahayana Concepts32 * CHAPTER FIVE: The Innate Belief in the Self and the Two Truths45 * CHAPTER SIX: The Prasangika Logic69 * CHAPTER SEVEN: Refutation of Non-Buddhist Theories of Self91 * CHAPTER EIGHT: Refutation of the Standard Buddhist Theory109 * CHAPTER NINE: Candrakirti's Analysis of the Self133 <center>PART TWO: TRANSLATION</center> * CHAPTER TEN: The Insubstantiality of the Person142 * NOTES222 * ABBREVIATIONS228 * BIBLIOGRAPHY229 +

Books/The Buddhist Unconscious +

** ''Preface''xi ** ''Acknowledgments''xv ** '''Thematic introduction: a Buddhist critique of the construction of self and world'''1 * '''PART I''' '''The background and context of the ālaya-vijñāna'''7 * '''1 The early Buddhist background'''9 * ''The three marks of existence''9 * ''The formula of dependent arising''11 ** Causation and continuity without a self16 * ''Viññāṇa in the formula of dependent arising''19 ** Viññāṇa as consciousness21 ** Viññāṇa as cognitive awareness28 * ''The underlying tendencies'' (anusaya)33 ** The underlying tendency "I am" and conceptual proliferation (''papañca'')36 ** The debate over latent versus manifest39 * ''Reciprocal causality between the two aspects of viññāṇa''41 * 2 '''The Abhidharma context'''46 * ''The Abhidharma project and its problematic''46 ** Background of the Abhidharma47 * ''The aim and methods of Abhidharma:'' dharma ''as irreducible unit of experience''50 * ''The basic problematic: two levels of discourse, two dimensions of mind''55 * ''Analysis of mind and its mental factors''57 ** The initial formulation of the problematic in its synchronic dimension: the accumulation of karmic potential, the presence of the underlying tendencies, and their gradual purification in the ''Kathāvatthu''59 ** The problematic in its diachronic dimension: immediate succession versus the continuity of karmic potential62 * ''The persistence of traditional continuities: karma and kleśa in the'' Abhidharma-kośa67 * ''Abhidharmic responses to the problematic''70 ** The Sarvāstivādin theory of possession (''prāpti'')72 ** The Sautrāntika theory of seeds (''bīja'') in the mental stream (''santāna'')73 * ''Questions raised by consciousness, seeds, and the mental stream''76 * ''The Theravadin theory of life-constituent mind'' (bhavaṅga-citta)81 * ''Conclusion''85 * '''PART II The ālaya-vijñāna in the Yogācāra tradition'''89 * '''3 The ālaya-vijñana in the early tradition'''91 * ''The origins of the ālaya-vijñāna''91 * ''The new model of mind in the'' Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra94 ** The ālaya-vijñāna as mental stream99 * ''The'' Ālaya Treatise ''of the'' Yogācārabhūmi101 ** The ''Proof Portion''102 * ''The'' Alaya Treatise, Pravṛtti Portion: ''analyzing the ālaya-vijñāna in Abhidharmic terms''107 ** The ālaya-vijñāna's subliminal objective supports and cognitive processes109 ** The ālaya-vijñāna's mutual and simultaneous relationship with manifest cognitive awareness (''pravṛtti-vijñāna'')112 ** The ālaya-vijñāna's simultaneous arising with (afflictive) mentation117 * ''The'' Ālaya Treatise, Nivṛtti Portion: ''equating the ālaya-vijñāna with saṃsāric continuity''123 * ''Conclusion''127 *'''4 The ālaya-vijñāna in the ''Mahāyāna-saṃgraha'' ''' * '''1. bringing it all back home'''128 * ''Appropriating the traditional Buddhist framework''129 ** Synonyms of the ālaya-vijñāna in the disciple’s vehicle130 ** The two vijñanas and the two dependent arisings131 ** Seeding the ālaya-vijñāna: the karmic process as simultaneous intrapsychic causality135 * ''Resolving the Abhidharmic Problematic''139 ** Karma, rebirth, and the ālaya-vijñāna140 ** The continuity of the afflictions (''kleśa'')142 ** The path of purification: mundane and supramundane150 * ''Beyond Abhidharma: adventitious defilements, pure seeds, and luminous minds''153 *'''5 The ālaya-vijñāna in the ''Mahāyāna-saṃgraha'' ''' * '''2. looking beyond'''158 * ''The predispositions of speech, self-view, and the life-constituents''159 * ''Common experience, common embodiment: language, the ālaya-vijñana, and "the arising of the world"''160 * '''PART III Appendices'''171 * Appendix I The series of dependent arising: affliction, action, and their results173 * Appendix II Index of related controversies175 * Appendix III Translation: the ''Pravṛtti'' and ''Nivṛtti Portions'' of the ''Viniścayasaṃgrahaṇī'' of the ''Yogācārabhūmi''178 ** ''Notes''190 ** ''Bibliography of works cited''247 ** ''Index of texts quoted''255 ** ''Index''259

Books/The Cakrasamvara Tantra (The Discourse of Sri Heruka) - A Study and Annotated Translation (2007) +

Series Editor's Prefaceix Author's Prefacexv Introduction: The Study of the Cakrasamvara Tantra * 1. Introduction to the Cakrasamvara Tantra ** The Cakrasamvara and the Yoginī Tantras3 ** Dating the Text11 ** Cakrasamvara Literature 15 * 2. Traditional History of the Cakrasamvara Tantra ** Mythic Root Texts28 ** The Origin of Heruka35 * 3. Contents and Contexts ** The Triple Wheel Mandala54 ** Ḍākinīs, Yoginīs, and Women77 ** Consecration and the Sexual Yogas103 ** Mantras and Magic131 * 4. Texts and Translation ** Texts Employed137 ** Translation Methodology145 ** Technical Notes151 Translation of the Cakrasamvara Tantra * I. The Descent of the Maṇḍala155 * II. The Procedure of Wheel Worship164 * III. The Procedure of Consecration and Fee [Payment]171 * IV. The Procedure Called 'The Nonduality of the Heroes and Yoginīs'178 * V. The Procedure of Selecting the Letters of the Root Mantra181 * VI. The Procedure of Selecting the Hero's Six Armor [Mantras]186 * VII. The Procedure of Selecting the Mantra188 * VIII. The Procedure of Selecting the Reversed Yoginī Mantras194 * IX. The Procedure of the Ritual Actions of the Root Mantra196 * X. The Achievement of the Triple Body and the Procedure of the Ritual Actions of the Essence Mantra202 * XI. The Procedure of Characterizing the Seven-lived One206 * XII. The Procedure of the Ritual Actions of the Quintessence209 * XIII. The Procedure of the Applications of the Armor Mantra214 * XIV. The Procedure of the Donkey Form Yoga for Becoming Śrī Heruka217 * XV The Procedure of the Syllabic Signs222 * XVI. The Procedure of Examining the Characteristics of the Seven Yoginīs226 * XVII. The Procedure of the Signs, Gestures, and Perambulant Forms of All Yoginīs232 * XVIII. The True Procedure of the Colors, Characteristics, and Signs of all Yoginīs236 * XIX. The Procedure of Pointing Out the Gestures of the Yoginīs239 * XX. The Procedure of the Symbolic Hand Gestures of the Yoginīs243 * XXI. The Procedure of the Characteristics of the Visual Body Gestures246 * XXII. The Procedure of the Characteristics of the Distinctive Limb Gestures248 * XXIII. The Procedure of the Characteristics of the Ḍākinīs' Signs and Insignia250 * XXIV. The Procedure of the Symbolic Speech of the Four Classes256 * XXV The Procedure of Completely Hiding the Root Mantra263 * XXVI. The Procedures of Inspecting the Disciple and the Vows265 * XXVII. The Procedures of the Conduct, Observances, Worship, and Sacrificial Cakes271 * XXVIII. The Procedures of the Inner Fire Sacrifice and Class Oneness282 * XXIX. The Procedures of the Messenger's Defining Marks and the State of Empowerment289 * XXX. The Procedure of Mantra Selection Bound in the Muraja Drum292 * XXXI. The Procedure of the Rites of Eating, Fire Sacrifice and the Sacrificial Cakes, and the Hand Signs297 * XXXII. The Procedures of the Animal Sacrificial Victims, the Means of Achieving the Zombie, and the Creation Stage300 * XXXIII. The Reverential Procedure of Secret Worship305 * XXXIV. The Procedure of Summoning via the Fire Sacrifice of the Nondual Messenger308 * XXXV. The Procedure of the Nondual Ritual Action and the Method of Cheating Black Death312 * XXXVI. The Procedure of Summoning the Reality Worship317 * XXXVII. The Procedure of Inner Mastery320 * XXXVIII. The Procedure of the Yoginīs' Place and the Heroes' Secret Abode322 * XXXIX. The Procedure of Vision and Loud Laughter325 * XL. The Procedures of Subjugating the Five Social Classes and Mahāmudrā327 * XLI. The Procedure of Laying Down the Mandala of the Twenty four Syllables329 * XLII. The Procedure of the Laughter Mantra and the Magic of the Yoginīs' Forms338 * XLIII. The Procedure of Accomplishing the Ritual Actions of the Quintessence [Mantra]343 * XLIV. The Procedure of the Six Yoginīs' Ritual Actions with the Seven Syllable [Mantra]350 * XLV. The Six Yoginī Ritual Actions and the Summoning of the Power of Speech353 * XLVI. The Procedure of Ritual Actions with the Five ha Syllables358 * XLVII. The Procedure of All Ritual Actions of the Sarvabuddhaḍākinī Mantra360 * XLVIII. The Procedure of the Maṇḍala of the Hidden Abode of all Heroes and Ḍākinīs364 * XLIX. The Procedure of Transforming the Victim who is Born Seven Times367 * L. The Procedure of the Domination Fire Sacrifice and the Teaching of the Stages in Relation to the Seats, etc.370 * LI. Creation Stage Esoteric Instruction376 * Glossaries385 * Conspectus Siglorum405 * Bibliography409 * Index437

Books/The Center of the Sunlit Sky +

* Acknowledgments11 * Foreword 13 * Preface 17 * Introduction 25 * '''PART ONE: The General Presentation of Madyamaka in the Kagyü Tradition''' 45 * '''1. The Transmission of Madhyamaka from India to Tibet and Its Relation to Vajrayāna and Mahāmudrā''' 47 * '''2 The Middle from Beginning to End''' 69 ** Madyamaka Ground 72 *** What Is Reality? 72 *** No Ground for the Two Realities 77 *** The Detailed Explanation of the Two Realities 80 **** The Meaning of the Terms 80 **** Painting the Sky: A Description of Their Defining Characteristics 82 **** Are the Two Realities One or Different? 88 **** Seeming Divisions of the Seeming 94 **** Dividing Space: Divisions of the Ultimate 99 **** A Critical Analysis of Some Other Tibetan Views on the Two Realities in Centrism101 **** The Definite Number of Two Realities and the Purpose of Understanding Them105 *** The Emptiness of Emptiness 110 **** Freedom Is the Nature of Not Having a Nature 110 **** Elaborations on Simplicity 114 ***** The Twenty Emptinesses117 ***** The Sixteen Emptinesses122 *** The Two Types of Identitylessness 126 **** Lost Identity 126 **** Phenomenal Identitylessness 135 **** Personal Identitylessness 137 **** Are the Two Identitylessnesses One or Different? 141 **** The Purpose of Teaching Two Identitylessnesses 141 *** From Knowledge to Wisdom 142 ** Madhyamaka Path153 *** How Can Madhyamaka Be a Personal Practice? 157 *** Reasoning and Debate in Centrism 172 **** Three Stages of Analysis by Nāgārjuna and Aryadeva 172 **** Is Reasoning Reasonable? 174 **** Reasons and Negations 177 **** What Is the Object of Negation in Centrist Reasonings?193 **** The Status of Valid Cognition in Centrism 199 **** Do Centrists Have a Thesis or Position?218 **** Illusory Lions Killing Illusory Elephants: Empty Reasonings for Liberation231 ***** Some Essential Points of Centrist Reasoning231 ***** Disillusionment with Phenomenal Identity 235 ****** The Five Great Madhyamaka Reasonings 235 ****** Other Reasonings 262 ***** Unmasking Personal Identity 264 **** The Result of Centrist Reasoned Analysis 271 *** Madhyamaka Meditation 273 **** Why Is Analytical Meditation Necessary? 273 **** Calm Abiding and Superior Insight 276 **** Analytical Meditation and Resting Meditation 279 **** Working with the Mind in Meditation and Daily Life 285 **** How to Practice a Session of Analytical Meditation 290 **** The Progressive Stages of Meditation on Emptiness 295 **** Mental Nonengagement in Meditation 310 *** Madhyamaka Conduct 321 ** Madhyamaka Fruition 323 * '''3 The Distinction between Autonomists and Consequentialists''' 333 ** Classifications of Centrism in India and Tibet 333 ** Refutation of Mistaken Assumptions about Autonomists and Consequentialists 341 ** The Actual Distinction between Autonomists and Consequentialists 360 ** How the Distinction between Autonomists and Consequentialists by Later Tibetans Is a Novelty 373 ** The Origin of the Controversy between Autonomists and Consequentialists 392 ** Do Hearers and Solitary Realizers Realize Emptiness? 421 ** Conclusion 438 * '''4 Is There Such a Thing as Shentong-Madhyamaka?''' 445 ** The Yogācāra System in General457 ** The System of the Lineage of Vast Activity 460 ** The Treatment of Yogācāra and the Rangtong-Shentong Controversy in Tibet 500 ** The Single Final Intention of the Two Philosophical Systems of the Great Vehicle 515 * '''5 The Distinction between Expedient and Definitive Meaning''' 527 * '''6 An Outline of Some Major Differences between Mikyö Dorje's and Tsongkhapa's Interpretations of Centrism''' 553 * '''PART TWO: The Bodhicaryāvatāra and Pawo Tsugla Trengwa''' 599 * '''7 Some Remarks on the Bodhicaryāvatāra and Pawo Rinpoche's Commentary'''601 * '''8 The Ninth Chapter of Pawo Rinpoche's Commentary on The Entrance to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life''' 617 * Appendix I: ''A Short Biography of the Second Pawo Rinpoche Tsugla Trengwa'' 791 * Appendix II: ''Non-Buddhist Indian Schools'' 794 * Appendix III: ''Tibetan Text of the Ninth Chapter of the'' Bodhicaryāvatāra800 * Glossary: ''English–Sanskrit–Tibetan''816 * Glossary: ''Tibetan—Sanskrit—English''823 * Bibliography 831 * Endnotes 853 * Index 963

Books/The Changeless Nature +

* Translators' Introductionp. 3 * '''THE TEXT''' * Introduction: the seven vajra pointsp. 13 * '''PART ONE: THE ACHIEVEMENT: THE THREE JEWELS''' * '''First Vajra Point''': the buddhap. 17 * '''Second Vajra Point''': the dharmap. 19 * '''Third Vajra Point''': the sanghap. 21 * '''PART TWO: THE BASIS FOR THIS ACHIEVEMENT''' * '''General Comment on these Last Four Vajra Points'''p. 29 * '''Fourth Vajra Point''': buddha-naturep. 31 * 1. Summary: ** A. 3 reasons why beings have itp. 31 * 2. Detailed Presentation ** B. 10 aspects of buddha-potential *** naturep. 33 *** causep. 33 *** fruitp. 35 *** functionp. 35 *** endowments p. 37 *** approachp. 37 *** phasesp. 39 *** all-pervasivenessp. 39 *** inalterabilityp. 39 *** inseparability from its qualitiesp. 49 ** C. 9 examples *** the examplesp. 51 *** summary and meaning of examplesp. 61 ** D. Purpose of teachings on buddha-naturep. 69 * '''Fifth Vajra Point''': enlightenment ** its naturep. 77 ** causep. 77 ** fruitp. 79 ** functionp. 81 ** endowmentsp. 85 ** actualisationp. 87 ** permanencep. 97 ** inconceivabilityp. 99 * '''Sixth Vajra Point''': the qualities of buddhahood * 1. synopsis in terms of two sorts of kayap. 103 * 2. detailed explanation of each ** the qualities of freedom—ultimately-true kaya ** 10 powers of perfect knowledgep. 105 ** 4 kinds of fearlessnessp. 107 ** 18 distinctive qualitiesp. 107 ** the qualities of maturity—relatively-true kayas ** the 32 marks of a perfect beingp. 111 * 3. scriptural sourcep. 113 * 4. recapitulation of the examplesp. 113 * '''Seventh Vajra Point''' : buddha-activity * 1. synopsisp. 119 * 2. detailed explanation ** spontaneityp. 121 ** unceasingnessp. 121 * 3. expanded explanation through 9 examplesp. 123 ** purpose and significance of examplesp. 141 ** review of examples to show their sublimenessp. 145 * '''PART THREE: CONCLUSION''' * 1. the benefits of this textp. 151 * 2. how this Sastra was composedp. 155 * 3. dedicationp. 159 * '''NOTES''' * Translators Introductionp. 163 * Part Onep. 163 * Part Two : buddha-naturep. 167 * enlightenmentp. 171 * qualitiesp. 174 * activityp. 175 * Part Threep. 176

Books/The Complete Nyingma Tradition from Sutra to Tantra, Book 14 +

* Preface to the 1986 Tibetan Publication of the Root Text and Outline, by Nor-drang Orgyanix * A Biography of the Author, Choying Tobden Dorje, by Golok Nor-dexiii * Foreword to the English Translation, by Hungchen Chenagtsangxxiii * In Memoriam, by Zenkar Rinpoche Tübten Nyimaxxxi * Translator’s Introductionxxxiii * ''The Extensive Commentary: Book 14''1 * Book 14: An Overview of Buddhist Tantra3 ** Part 1: Outer Esoteric Buddhism3 ** 1. The Teaching of Tantra5 ** 2. The Tantra of Rites19 ** 3. The Tantra of Techniques49 ** 4. The Tantra of the Welcome of Our Genuine State57 ** Part 2: Inner Esoteric Buddhism71 ** 5. The Tantra of the Highest Welcome of Our Genuine State73 ** 6. The Empowerments and Covenant of the Tantra of the Supreme Welcome of Our Genuine State95 ** 7. Three Aspects of the Tantric Path—Its Outlook, Meditation, and Conduct181 ** 8. The End of the Path, Its Result—Enlightenment243 * ''The Root Verses: Book 14''257 * ''The Outline: Book 14''277 * ''The Concise Commentary: Book 14''285 * Translator’s Notes315 * Vocabulary List321 * Notes331 * Works Cited by the Author335 * Index339 +

Books/The Complete Nyingma Tradition from Sutra to Tantra, Books 15 to 17 Vol. 1 +

* List of Illustrationsix * Preface to the 1986 Tibetan Publication of the Root Verses and Outline, by Nordrang Orgyanxiii * A Biography of the Author, Choying Tobden Dorje, by Golok Nor-dexvii * Foreword to the English Translation, by Chenak Hūṃchenxxvii * In Memoriam, by Zenkar Rinpoche Tubten Nyimaxxxv * Translator’s Introductionxxxvii * ''The Extensive Commentary: Books 15 to 17'' * Book 15: ''Secret Nucleus'': The Inception of the Peaceful Deities3 ** The Framing Narrative6 ** An Exegesis Based on the Title13 ** An Analysis of the Tantra’s Content and Words17 ** The Interlinear Commentary38 ** 1. The Introductory Narrative47 ** 2. The Initiation of the Discourse97 ** 3. The Establishment of All Phenomena119 * Book 16, Part 1: ''Secret Nucleus'': The Ground of the Peaceful Deities ** 4. The Cyclical Array of the Garland of Letters161 ** 5. The Meditative Stabilities That Attain the Net of Magical Emanation209 ** 6. The Diffusion of the Maṇḍala235 ** 7. The Absorption of the Maṇḍala and the Secret Mantras275 ** 8. The Consecration of All Limbs as the Maṇḍala and the Subsequent Diffusion of the Sealing Hand Gestures307 ** 9. The Secret Commitment of the Indestructible Array341 ** 10. The Conferral of the Empowerments399 * Book 16, Part 2: ''Secret Nucleus'': The Path and Result of the Peaceful Deities ** 11. The Maṇḍala of the Communion421 ** 12. The Attainment of the Communion463 ** 13. The Nucleus of Most Secret Pith Instructions485 ** 14. The Eulogy Which Pleases523 * Abbreviations535 * Notes to Books 15 and 16537 * Book 17, Part 1: ''Secret Nucleus'': The Wrathful Deities and the Colophon ** 15. The Cloud-Like Diffusion of the Natural Maṇḍala of Wrathful Deities601 ** 16. The Diffusion of the Maṇḍala of Buddha Speech of the Great Assembly of Wrathful Deities655 ** 17. The Revelation of the Maṇḍala of Wrathful Deities671 ** 18. The Revelation of Genuine Offerings and Generosity685 ** 19. The Commitments697 ** 20. The Consecration of Spontaneous Enlightened Activity729 ** 21. Eulogies to the Wrathful Deities755 ** 22. That Which Is Pleasing and Retained765 ** The Meaning of the Colophon779 * Book 17, Part 2: The Litany of the Names of Mañjuśrī ** The Request787 ** The Response799 ** Inspecting [the Classes of Individual Practitioners]803 ** Manifest Enlightenment805 ** Eulogy to the Maṇḍala of the Indestructible Expanse809 ** The Pristine Cognition of Reality’s Expanse819 ** The Mirrorlike Pristine Cognition837 ** The Pristine Cognition of Discernment845 ** The Pristine Cognition of Sameness871 ** The Pristine Cognition of Accomplishment885 ** Eulogy to the Five Conquerors895 ** The Presentation of Advantages899 ** The [Arrangement of the] Mantras901 ** Rejoicing905 * ''The Root Verses: Books 15 to 17''911 * ''The Concise Commentary: Books 15 to 17'' 943 * ''The Outline: Books 15 to 17''1093 * Concordance of Terminology1153 * Abbreviations1207 * Notes to Book 171209 * Bibliography1235 * Index1271

Books/The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra in Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism +

* Prefaceix * Introduction1 * 1. A Preliminary Examination of Madhyamaka Ontology7 * 2. Nagarjuna and Logic25 * 3. Nagarjuna and the Continuity of Tradition44 * 4. The Problem of Mahayana "Schools"63 * 5. The Conception of Truth in Early Buddhism84 * 6. The Two Truths and the Three Natures102 * 7. The Nature of Reality132 * 8. The Problem of Idealism152 * Conclusion176 * Bibliography180 * Abbreviations186 * Index187 +

Books/The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems +

* General Editor's Prefacexi * Translators Prefacexv * Editors Introduction1 * Map of Tibet24 * Technical Note27 *The Crystal Mirror An Excellent Explanation Showing the Sources and Assertions of All Philosophical Systems * 1. Preface33 * 2. Indian Schools37 * 3. Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism71 * 4. The Nyingma Tradition77 * 5. The Kadam Tradition97 * 6. The Kagyü Tradition117 * 7. The Shijé Tradition157 * 8. The Sakya Tradition169 * 9. The Jonang and Minor Traditions197 * 10. The Geluk Tradition 1: Tsongkhapa215 * 11. The Geluk Tradition 2: Tsongkhapa's Successors267 * 12. The Geluk Tradition 3: The Distinctiveness of Geluk299 * 13. The Bön Tradition321 * 14. Chinese Traditions 1: Non-Buddhist331 * 15. Chinese Traditions 2: Buddhist351 * 16. Central Asian Traditions371 * 17. Conclusion387 * Appendix: Detailed Outline of Thuken's Text397 * Notes411 * Glossary497 * Glossary of Enumerations515 * Bibliography535 * Index577 * About the Contributors665 +

Books/The Cultural Practices of Modern Chinese Buddhism +

** ''List of figures''ix ** ''Acknowledgements''xi * '''Introduction: modern Buddhist cultures''''''1''' *'''Part 1''' * '''The cultural practices of Buddhist modernity''''''25''' * 1.1 Shanghai Buddhism27 * 1.2 Vegetarian identities31 * 1.3 The esoteric fever39 * 1.4 Printing the dharma41 * 1.5 Continuities and discontinuities46 * 1.6 Buddhist canons49 * 1.7 Yang Wenhui51 * 1.8 Awakening the Faith53 * 1.9 Buddhist books beyond China56 * 1.10 Shanghai Buddhist publishers and writers59 * 1.11 The Sanskrit Buddhism of Su Manshu66 * 1.12 Life and death in Feng Zikai’s drawings71 * 1.13 The Buddhist periodical press75 * 1.14 Buddhism, religion and the nation81 * 1.15 Images of modern Buddhism85 *'''Part 2''' * '''The Sound of Modern Buddhism''''''97''' * 2.1 Li Shutong: From Shanghai to Tokyo, and back99 * 2.2 Li Shutong leaves home101 * 2.3 Songs of nationalism105 * 2.4 The power of song107 * 2.5 Hymns, anthems and songs109 * 2.6 Songs of modernity113 * 2.7 Buddhist songs116 * 2.8 Continuities and discontinuities123 * 2.9 Scientific gadgets: Buddhist radio and phonograph recordings128 * 2.10 Buddhist songs in the digital age130 ** ''References''146 ** ''Glossary''172 ** ''Index''177

Books/The Denkōroku +

* Special Notevii * Introductionxii * Chapter 1 Shakyamuni Buddha, The Awakened One1 * Chapter 2 The First Ancestor, The Sainted Makakashō5 * Chapter 3 The Second Ancestor, The Sainted Ananda11 * Chapter 4 The Third Ancestor, The Sainted Shōnawashu19 * Chapter 5 The Fourth Ancestor, The Sainted Ubakikuta23 * Chapter 6 The Fifth Ancestor, The Sainted Daitaka29 * Chapter 7 The Sixth Ancestor, The Sainted Mishaka34 * Chapter 8 The Seventh Ancestor, The Sainted Bashumitsu40 * Chapter 9 The Eighth Ancestor, The Sainted Butsudanandai44 * Chapter 10 The Ninth Ancestor, The Sainted Fudamitta51 * Chapter 11 The Tenth Ancestor, The Sainted Barishiba55 * Chapter 12 The Eleventh Ancestor, The Sainted Funayasha60 * Chapter 13 The Twelfth Ancestor, The Sainted Anabotei63 * Chapter 14 The Thirteenth Ancestor, The Sainted Kabimora69 * Chapter 15 The Fourteenth Ancestor, The Sainted Nagyaarajuna 74 * Chapter 16 The Fifteenth Ancestor, The Sainted Kanadaiba82 * Chapter 17 The Sixteenth Ancestor, The Sainted Ragorata86 * Chapter 18 The Seventeenth Ancestor, The Sainted Sōgyanandai92 * Chapter 19 The Eighteenth Ancestor, The Sainted Kayashata99 * Chapter 20 The Nineteenth Ancestor, The Sainted Kumorata106 * Chapter 21The Twentieth Ancestor, The Sainted Shayata109 * Chapter 22 The Twenty-first Ancestor, The Sainted Bashubanzu115 * Chapter 23 The Twenty-second Ancestor, The Sainted Manura121 * Chapter 24 The Twenty-third Ancestor, The Sainted Kakurokuna125 * Chapter 25 The Twenty-fourth Ancestor, The Sainted Shishibodai129 * Chapter 26 The Twenty-fifth Ancestor, The Sainted Bashashita132 * Chapter 27 The Twenty-sixth Ancestor, The Sainted Funyomitta135 * Chapter 28 The Twenty-seventh Ancestor, The Sainted Hannyatara139 * Chapter 29 The Twenty-eighth Ancestor, The Sainted Bodaidaruma143 * Chapter 30 The Twenty-ninth Ancestor, The Great Ancestor and Great Teacher Eka152 * Chapter 31 The Thirtieth Ancestor, Great Master Kanchi Sōsan158 * Chapter 32 The Thirty-first Ancestor, Meditation Master Daii Dōshin161 * Chapter 33 The Thirty-second Ancestor, Meditation Master Daiman Kōnin165 * Chapter 34 The Thirty-third Ancestor, Meditation Master Daikan Enō169 * Chapter 35 The Thirty-fourth Ancestor, Great Master Seigen Gyōshi180 * Chapter 36 The Thirty-fifth Ancestor, Great Teacher Sekitō Kisen184 * Chapter 37 The Thirty-sixth Ancestor, Great Master Yakusan Igen191 * Chapter 38 The Thirty-seventh Ancestor, Great Master Ungan Donjō197 * Chapter 39 The Thirty-eighth Ancestor, Great Master Tōzan Ryōkai203 * Chapter 40 The Thirty-ninth Ancestor, Great Master Ungo Dōyō212 * Chapter 41 The Fortieth Ancestor, Great Master Dōan Dōhi218 * Chapter 42 The Forty-first Ancestor, The Latter Great Master Dōan Kanshi222 * Chapter 43 The Forty-second Ancestor, The Reverend Monk Ryōzan Enkan226 * Chapter 44 The Forty-third Ancestor, Great Master Daiyō Kyōgen232 * Chapter 45 The Forty-fourth Ancestor, The Reverend Monk Tōsu Gisei236 * Chapter 46 The Forty-fifth Ancestor, Meditation Master Dōkai of Mount Fuyō 246 * Chapter 47 The Forty-sixth Ancestor, Meditation Master Tanka Shijun254 * Chapter 48 The Forty-seventh Ancestor, Meditation Master Chōro Seiryō256 * Chapter 49 The Forty-eighth Ancestor, Meditation Master Tendō Sōkaku261 * Chapter 50 The Forty-ninth Ancestor, Meditation Master Setchō Chikan266 * Chapter 51 The Fiftieth Ancestor, The Reverend Monk Tendō Nyojō272 * Chapter 52 The Fifty-first Ancestor, The Reverend Monk Eihei Dōgen278 * Chapter 53 The Fifty-second Ancestor, The Reverend Monk Koun Ejō292 * About the Order of Buddhist Contemplatives305 * About the Monasteries of the Order306