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Wang's research interests include the re-interpretation of Chinese Buddhist, especially Chan/Zen, thought and early Daoist thought in contemporary contexts, and the comparative study and dialogue between Western postmodern and Chinese thought. He is the author of ''Linguistic Strategies in Daoist Zhuangzi and Chan Buddhism: The Other Way of Speaking'' (RoutledgeCurzon, 2003) and the editor of ''Deconstruction and the Ethical in Asian Thought'' (Routledge 2007). His articles have appeared in journals such as ''International Philosophical Quarterly'', ''Philosophy East and West'', ''Asian Philosophy'', and ''Journal of Chinese Philosophy''. He is a member of the editorial board for the ''Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy'' published by Springer. He teaches Religions of the World, Religions of Asia, Asian Thought, Introduction to Buddhism, Introduction to Daoism, and Select Topics in Philosophy and Religion Studies at Rowan.<br> ([https://chss.rowan.edu/departments/philosophy/faculty/WangYouru.html Source Accessed March 25, 2020]) +
Dorji Wangchuk was born in 1967 in East Bhutan. After the completion of his ten year training (1987–1997) in the Tibetan monastic seminary of Ngagyur Nyingma Institute at Bylakuppe, Mysore, South India, he studied classical Indology and Tibetology, with a focus on Buddhism, at the University of Hamburg, where he received his MA (2002) and PhD (2005) degrees. Currently he is professor for Tibetology at the Department of Indian and Tibetan Studies, Asia-Africa Institute, University of Hamburg. His special field of interest lies in the intellectual history of Tibetan Buddhism and in the Tibetan Buddhist literature. (Source: [http://www.aai.uni-hamburg.de/indtib/Personen.html Hamburg University]) +
Tsering Wangchuk is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of San Francisco. His areas of specialization include the intellectual history of Tibetan Buddhism, Buddhist Studies, and history of religions. He has published articles with several peer-reviewed journals. He teaches classes on Buddhism and Himalayan religions and cultures. He is also the Blum Chair in Himalayan Studies. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville and came to USF in 2011. ([https://www.usfca.edu/faculty/tsering-wangchuk Source Accessed Jan 3, 2018]) +
Taklung Tsetrul Pema Wangyal Rinpoche, the eldest son of the late Kangyur Rinpoche. Pema Wangyal Rinpoche was born in Rong Dakmar, central Tibet. His family escaped from Tibet in 1958 and eventually resettled in Darjeeling, India. After Kangyur Rinpoche passed away in 1975, Pema Wangyal Rinpoche and his family settled in Dordogne, France.
Under the guidance of Kyabje Kangyur Rinpoche, Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche, and other great masters of Tibetan Buddhism, Pema Wangyal Rinpoche has studied extensively and spent many years in retreat.
Dedicated to continuing the activities of his teachers and aspiring to fulfil their wishes, Pema Wangyal Rinpoche has shaped the organization’s activities for more than three decades. With his intimate knowledge of the needs of the Tibetan community in exile, as well as Himalayan communities in need, he has continuously cared for the needs of Tibetan people with the help of international donors. Rinpoche frequently travels to Asia to oversee educational, cultural and development projects.
Rinpoche has been active as a teacher since 1975, giving teachings at the request of Dharma groups and institutions around the world, making the teachings accessible in the form of seminars, courses, and providing students with individual guidance. Since 1980, Rinpoche has been guiding the traditional three-year intensive practise and study retreats in France. In 2000, Rinpoche established the ‘parallel retreats’ as an alternative to the three-year retreat, allowing Buddhist practioners with families to follow a cycle of teachings similar to that of an intensive retreat.
Pema Wangyal Rinpoche’s longstanding concern with the preservation of rare texts has led him to initiate many projects centred on the conservation and restoration of ancient manuscripts, their calligraphic or computer transcription and reprinting. He also supervises the translation and preservation work of the Padmakara Translation Group in France. ([http://www.songtsen.org/chanteloube/EN/tchrs_pema_wangyal_rinpoche.php Source Accessed June 28, 2022])
Wayman joined Columbia in 1966 as a visiting associate professor of religion. In 1967, he was appointed professor of Sanskrit in the Department of Middle East and Asian Languages and Cultures, a position he held until his retirement in 1991. During his tenure, Wayman taught classes in classical Sanskrit, Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit, Indian and Tibetan Religions and the history of astrology.
While at Columbia, he was a member of the administrative committee of the Southern Asian Institute. He also served as senior editor of The Buddhist Traditions Series (with 30 volumes to date) published by Motilal Banarsidass in Delhi, India.
Wayman authored 12 books, including ''Buddhist Tantric Systems'', ''Untying the Knots in Buddhism'', ''Enlightenment of Vairocana'', and ''A Millennium of Buddhist Logic''. He co-authored a translation of the 3rd-century Buddhist scripture ''Lion's Roar of Queen Shrimala'' with his wife, Hideko. Her knowledge of Chinese and Japanese sources complemented his research and translation of Sanskrit and Tibetan sources.
An honorary volume, titled ''Researches in Indian and Buddhist Philosophy (essays in honor of Prof. Alex Wayman)'', edited by Ram Karan Sharma, was published in 1993 to commemorate the many years that Wayman devoted to scholarly research on Indian topics. ([https://lists.h-net.org/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-asia&month=0411&week=b&msg=Mjh17lJ%2B2gHmOKM2On16yg&user=&pw= Source Accessed Aug 10, 2020])] +
Hideko Wayman was a translator of Buddhist works and the wife of the Buddhist studies scholar Alex Wayman (1921–2004). She was a graduate of Tsuda College of Tokyo in her native Japan and subsequently earned an M.A. at the University of California, Berkeley.
While Alex Wayman was writing his doctoral dissertation, "Analysis of the
''Śrāvakabhūmi'' Manuscript," she studied the ''Śrāvakabhūmi'' in Hsüan-tsang's Chinese translation as well as in the Japanese rendition.
One of the books Hideko Wayman co-authored with her husband was a translation of the third-century Buddhist scripture ''Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā'', published by Columbia Univ. Press under the auspices of the Translation Committee on Asian Classics at Columbia. Hideko's research and translation of Chinese and Japanese sources complemented Wayman's work in Sanskrit and Tibetan sources. As the cotranslator of this work, she added to the introductions and annotations, supplied important data from the Sino-Japanese commentaries, and supervised preparation of the Glossary, Appendix, and Index. (Adapted from ''The Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā'', translators' note, xv) +
Weijing was one of the few Chinese monks that figured prominently in the translation activities of the Song, "who never visited India, but was trained in Buddhism and Sanskrit at the Institute for the Transmission of the Dharma in the Song capital" (Tansen Sen, ''Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade'' [Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield 2016], 127). A native of Jinling (present-day Nanjing), "Weijing is noted to have shown tremendous talent in learning and understanding Sanskrit texts. Within a year [after arriving at the Institute], he was ordained and began participating in the translation projects as a translator-scribe" (Sen, 128). Furthermore, "many of Dharmapāla's translations were completed with the help of Weijing. Both Dharmapāla and Weijing are also credited with comiling the Sanskrit-Chinese dictionary ''Jingyou Tianzhu ziyuan'' 景祐天 竺字源 (Phrase Book of Indian Words [Complied during the] Jingyou [Period])" (Sen, 128). +
Paul Williams (b. 1950) is Emeritus Professor of Indian and Tibetan Philosophy at the University of Bristol, England. Until his retirement in 2011 he was also director for the University's Centre for Buddhist Studies, and is a former President of the UK Association for Buddhist Studies.<br> Williams studied at the University of Sussex's School of African & Asian Studies where he graduated with a first class BA in 1972. He then went on to study Buddhist Philosophy at Wadham College, University of Oxford, where he was awarded his DPhil in 1978. His main research interests are Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophy, Mahayana Buddhism, and Medieval philosophical and mystical thought.<br> Williams was a Buddhist himself for many years but has since converted to Roman Catholicism, an experience he wrote about in his book ''The Unexpected Way'' and in an article, "On Converting from Buddhism to Catholicism – One Convert's Story." He is now a professed lay member of the Dominican Order. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Williams_(Buddhist_studies_scholar) Source Accessed April 16, 2020]) +
Jeff Wilson is an ordained minister in the Hongwanji-ha tradition of Shin Buddhism and a professor of religious studies and East Asian studies at Renison University College, University of Waterloo, Ontario. He has published pioneering research on the history of same-sex wedding ceremonies in North America and is the author of ''Buddhism of the Heart'' and ''Mindful America''. ([https://www.lionsroar.com/the-path-of-gratitude/ Source Accessed Nov 12, 2019]) +
Joe Bransford Wilson is Associate Professor of Asian Philosophy and Religion at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. He received his Ph.D. in Religious Studies (specializing in Tibetan Buddhism) from the University of Virginia in 1984. He is the author of ''Translating Buddhism from Tibetan'', as well as number of articles dealing with Indian and Tibetan Buddhist philosophy. His current research focuses on Yogācāra in Tibet and historiographic issues underlying Buddhist histories of philosophy. ([https://www.thlib.org/encyclopedias/literary/genres/genres-book.php#!book=/studies-in-genres/c1/ Source Accessed Jul 22, 2020]) +
Xuanzang [ɕɥɛ̌n.tsâŋ] (Chinese: 玄奘; fl. c. 602 – 664) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who travelled to India in the seventh century and described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.[1][2]
During the journey he visited many sacred Buddhist sites in what are now Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. He was born in what is now Henan province around 602, from boyhood he took to reading religious books, including the Chinese classics and the writings of ancient sages.
While residing in the city of Luoyang (in Henan in Central China), Xuanzang was ordained as a ''śrāmaṇera'' (novice monk) at the age of thirteen. Due to the political and social unrest caused by the fall of the Sui dynasty, he went to Chengdu in Sichuan, where he was ordained as a bhikṣu (full monk) at the age of twenty. He later travelled throughout China in search of sacred books of Buddhism. At length, he came to Chang'an, then under the peaceful rule of Emperor Taizong of Tang, where Xuanzang developed the desire to visit India. He knew about Faxian's visit to India and, like him, was concerned about the incomplete and misinterpreted nature of the Buddhist texts that had reached China.[3]
He became famous for his seventeen-year overland journey to India (including Nalanda), which is recorded in detail in the classic Chinese text ''Great Tang Records on the Western Regions'', which in turn provided the inspiration for the novel ''Journey to the West'' written by Wu Cheng'en during the Ming dynasty, around nine centuries after Xuanzang's death.[4]
During Xuanzang's travels, he studied with many famous Buddhist masters, especially at the famous center of Buddhist learning at Nalanda. When he returned, he brought with him some 657 Sanskrit texts. With the emperor's support, he set up a large translation bureau in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), drawing students and collaborators from all over East Asia. He is credited with the translation of some 1,330 fascicles of scriptures into Chinese. His strongest personal interest in Buddhism was in the field of Yogācāra (瑜伽行派), or Consciousness-only (唯識).
The force of his own study, translation and commentary of the texts of these traditions initiated the development of the Faxiang school (法相宗) in East Asia. Although the school itself did not thrive for a long time, its theories regarding perception, consciousness, karma, rebirth, etc., found their way into the doctrines of other more successful schools. Xuanzang's closest and most eminent student was Kuiji (窺基) who became recognized as the first patriarch of the Faxiang school. Xuanzang's logic, as described by Kuiji, was often misunderstood by scholars of Chinese Buddhism because they lack the necessary background in Indian logic.[32] Another important disciple was the Korean monk Woncheuk.
Xuanzang was known for his extensive but careful translations of Indian Buddhist texts to Chinese, which have enabled subsequent recoveries of lost Indian Buddhist texts from the translated Chinese copies. He is credited with writing or compiling the ''Cheng Weishi Lun'' as a commentary on these texts. His translation of the Heart Sutra became and remains the standard in all East Asian Buddhist sects; as well, this translation of the Heart Sutra was generally admired within the traditional Chinese gentry and is still widely respected as numerous renowned past and present Chinese calligraphers have penned its texts as their artworks.[33] He also founded the short-lived but influential Faxiang school of Buddhism. Additionally, he was known for recording the events of the reign of the northern Indian emperor, Harsha. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanzang Source Accessed Feb 5, 2020])
====notes====
1. Wriggins, Sally (27 November 2003). The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang (1 ed.). Washington DC: Westview press (Penguin). ISBN 978-0813365992.<br>
2. Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education. p. 563. ISBN 9788131716779.<br>
3. Wriggins, Sally (27 November 2003). The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang. New York: Westview (Penguin). ISBN 978-0813365992.<br>
4. Cao Shibang (2006). "Fact versus Fiction: From Record of the Western Regions to Journey to the West". In Wang Chichhung (ed.). Dust in the Wind: Retracing Dharma Master Xuanzang's Western Pilgrimage. p. 62. Retrieved 2 February 2014.<br>
32. See Eli Franco, "Xuanzang's proof of idealism." Horin 11 (2004): 199-212.<br>
33. "Heart Sutra Buddhism". Vincent's Calligraphy. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
Nobuyoshi Yamabe is Professor of Asian Philosophy at Waseda University. Professor Yamabe specializes in Indian Buddhism, with particular interest in the Yogācāra and Buddhist meditation texts. He is the author of numerous works in both English and Japanese. His articles include "An Shigao as a Precursor of the Yogācāra Tradition," "Nine Similes of Tathāgatagarbha in Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra and the Six Similes of Buddhānusmṛti in Guanfo sanmei hai jing," and "Visionary Repentance and Visionary Ordination in the ''Brahmā Net Sūtra''." +
Kosho Yamamoto was a scholar of Buddhist Studies. He is the author/translator of numerous works, including ''The Udumbara: Tales from the Buddhist Japan'' (1959), ''The Buddha: An Appreciation of His Life and Teaching'' (1961), ''An Introduction to Shin Buddhism'' (1965), ''The Life of the Buddha Through Gandhara Sculptures'', and ''The Kyogyoshinsho, or The 'Teaching, Practice, Faith, and Attainment' '' (1975), among many others. He is perhaps known most for his complete English translation of Dharmakṣema's version of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra'' (1973-75). In 1967 he traveled to Europe (including Spain, The Netherlands, Germany and the U.K.) to meet with prominent members of the Buddhist community at that time (such as Christmas Humphreys and Maurice Walshe in England). He wrote a book about his observations that same year, entitled ''Buddhism in Europe''. While his translation of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra'' has been criticized for its various imperfections, his work was indeed historic and pioneering, influencing a generation of scholars who studied the text. +
Philip Boas Yampolsky (October 20, 1920 – July 28, 1996) was an eminent translator and scholar of Zen Buddhism and a former Director of the C. V. Starr East Asian Library of Columbia University. A scholar of Chinese and Japanese religious traditions and a specialist in Zen studies, Yampolsky was known for his translations of canonical Zen writings, which were used as textbooks in both graduate and undergraduate Asian studies courses in American universities. His style was regarded as highly analytical.
Yampolsky’s translations included the ''Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch'' (1967) and ''The Zen Master Hakuin: Selected Writings'' (1971), both published by Columbia University Press. Yampolsky's last books before his death, ''Selected Writings of Nichiren'' and ''Letters of Nichiren'', translated and elucidated the writings of the 13th century Buddhist intellectual and reformer whose thoughts inspired religious and political movements that remain active in Japan to this day. These books were published by Columbia University Press in 1990 and 1996.
([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Yampolsky Source Accessed July 14, 2021]) +
The Venerable Yangthang Tulku Rinpoche, was born into the Yangthang clan in Sikkim. He was recognized as the incarnation of Terton Dorje Dechen Lingpa of Dhomang Monastery in Tibet where he took his seat to guide sentient beings. In 1959, when the Communist Chinese invaded Tibet, the Ven. Yangthang Rinpoche fled Dhomang. He was later captured by the Communists, and imprisoned for twenty-two years. Following the death of Mao Tse Tung he was released. He returned to Dhomang to find his monastery completely dismantled. He then obtained permission to return to Sikkim and continued his Dharma activities. Yangthang Rinpoche is currently known as one of the principle lineage holders of the Nyingmapa Lineage and is widely recognized for the quality and depth of his realization, the power of his attainment, and the purity of his transmissions. In recent times he has come to the United States several times and often travels to Taiwan where he has many devoted students. ([http://vimalatreasures.org/yangthang.aspx Source Accessed April 4, 2019])
[https://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/yangthang-rinpoche/ Lotsawa House Master Series for Yangthang Rinpoche]
[https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Yangthang_Rinpoche Rigpa Wiki Entry for Yangthang Rinpoche] +
Shaoyong Ye is an Associate Professor in the Department of South Asian Studies, School of Foreign Languages, at Peking University, Beijing, China. He received his PhD in Indian Ancient Languages and Literature (2005−2009) from the Department of Oriental Languages and Cultures, Peking University, his MA in Indian Ancient Language and Literature (2002−2005) from the same dept., and holds a BA in Traditional Chinese Painting (1998−2002) from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing, China. He is the author of several articles on Sanskrit textual studies and the author of two monographs: ''Yuktiṣaṣtikākārikā: Editions of the Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese Versions, with commentary and a Modern Chinese Translation'' (with Xuezhu Li) (Zhongxi, 2014) and ''Mūlamadhyamakakārikā and Buddhāpalita's Commentary: A Philological Study on the Basis of Newly Identified Sanskrit Manuscripts'' (2011). +
Yijing. (J. Gijō; K. Ǔijǒng 義淨) (635-713). Chinese Buddhist monk and pilgrim. Ordained at the age of twenty, Yijing dreamed of following in the footsteps of the renowned pilgrims Faxian and Xuanzang. He eventually set out for India in 671 via the Southern maritime route. After visiting the major Indian pilgrimage sites (see mahāsthāna), Yijing traveled to the monastic university at Nālandā, where he remained for the next ten years. On his return trip to China, Yijing stopped at Śrīvijaya (Palembang in Sumatra) to continue his studies. He praised the monks there for their high level of learning, describing them as primarily Hīnayāna in affiliation. It was in Śrīvijaya that he began to compose his record of his travels, the ''Nanhai jigui neifa zhuan'', which remains an important source on the practice of Buddhism in the many regions where he traveled and for understanding the various nikāya affiliations of the period. It was also during his time in Śrīvijaya that Yijing began his translation of the massive ''Mūlasarvāstivāda vinaya''. When he ran out of paper and ink, he made a brief trip back to China in 689 to retrieve more writing supplies and then returned to Śrīvijaya. After a thirty=year sojourn overseas, Yijing finally returned to China in 695 with some four hundred Sanskrit texts and three hundred grains of the Buddha's relics (''śarīra''). Yijing was warmly welcomed in the capital of Luoyang by Empress Wu Zetian, who appointed him to the monastery of Foshoujisi. Later, from 695 to 699, Yijing participated in Śikṣānanda's new translation of the ''Avataṃsakasūtra'' and devoted the next decade or so to the translation of the scriptures that he had brought back with him from India. In addition to the ''Mūlasarvāstivāda vinaya'', his translations also include several important Yogācāra treatises and tantras. His writings also include a collection of the biographies of renowned East Asian Buddhist pilgrims to India, the Da Tang xiyu qiufa gaoseng zhuan. (Source: "Yijing." In ''The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism'', 1028. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n41q.27.)
(Master) Yin Shun (印順導師, Yìnshùn Dǎoshī) (5 April 1906 – 4 June 2005) was a well-known Buddhist monk and scholar in the tradition of Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhism. Though he was particularly trained in the Three Treatise school, he was an advocate of the One Vehicle (or Ekayāna) as the ultimate and universal perspective of Buddhahood for all, and as such included all schools of Buddha Dharma, including the Five Vehicles and the Three Vehicles, within the meaning of the Mahāyāna as the One Vehicle. Yin Shun's research helped bring forth the ideal of "Humanistic" (human-realm) Buddhism, a leading mainstream Buddhist philosophy studied and upheld by many practitioners. His work also regenerated the interests in the long-ignored Āgamas among Chinese Buddhist society and his ideas are echoed by Theravadin teacher Bhikkhu Bodhi. As a contemporary master, he was most popularly known as the mentor of Cheng Yen (Pinyin: Zhengyan), the founder of Tzu-Chi Buddhist Foundation, as well as the teacher to several other prominent monastics.<br> Although Master Yin Shun is closely associated with the Tzu-Chi Foundation, he has had a decisive influence on others of the new generation of Buddhist monks such as Sheng-yen of Dharma Drum Mountain and Hsing Yun of Fo Guang Shan, who are active in humanitarian aid, social work, environmentalism and academic research as well. He is considered to be one of the most influential figures of Taiwanese Buddhism, having influenced many of the leading Buddhist figures in modern Taiwan. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_Shun Source Accessed July 10, 2020]) +
Yongdzin Ayang Thubten Rinpoche (1899-1966) was one of the tutors to the present Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang Rinpoche (7th). He is the author of ''Rays of Sunlight'', a commentary on Zhedang Dorje’s ''The Heart of the Mahayana Teachings''. +
Yúnmén Wényǎn (Chinese: 雲門文偃; Pinyin: Yúnmén Wényǎn; Romanji: Ummon Bun'en; 862 or 864 – 949 CE), was a major Chinese Chan master in Tang-era China. He was a dharma-heir of Xuefeng Yicun.
Yunmen founded the Yunmen school, one of the five major schools of Chán (Chinese Zen). The name is derived from Yunmen monastery of Shaozhou where Yunmen was abbot. The Yunmen school flourished into the early Song Dynasty, with particular influence on the upper classes, and eventually culminating in the compilation and writing of the ''Blue Cliff Record''.
The school would eventually be absorbed by the Linji school later in the Song. The lineage still lives on to this day through Chan Master Hsu Yun (1840–1959). ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunmen_Wenyan Source Accessed July 15, 2021]) +
