A ''bodhisattva'' who has, through tantric practice, gained both worldly and transmundane ''. The great adepts of medieval India, whose lifestories are both colorful and inspirational, were instrumental in transmitting the tantras and are at the source of many Tibetan practice lineages. +
A quality of ''dharmas'' that, if they possessed it, would define them as permanent, partless, and independent. The notion of inherent existence (generally synonymous with true existence) is the primary object of refutation in ''Madhyamaka'' philosophy, and realization of dharmas’ ''emptiness'' of inherent existence is the necessary condition for the elimination of ''delusions'' and the attainment of ''liberation''. +
In, e.g., the ''Brahmajala Sutta'' of the ''Dīgha Nikāya'': four grounds for asserting the eternity of the self and world; four grounds for asserting the partial eternity and partial noneternity of the self and world; four grounds for asserting the finitude and infinitude of the self and world; four grounds for avoiding assertion altogether; two grounds for asserting origination through chance; sixteen assertions regarding the self after death, to the effect that it is healthy and conscious and either material, immaterial, both material and immaterial, neither material nor immaterial, finite, infinite, both, neither, of uniform perception, of varied perception, of limited perception, of unlimited perception, wholly happy wholly miserable, both, or neither; eight assertions regarding the self after death, to the effect that it is healthy and unconscious and either material, immaterial, both, neither, finite, infinite, both, or neither; eight assertions regarding the self after death, to the effect that it is healthy and unconscious and either material, immaterial, both, neither, finite, infinite, both, or neither; seven grounds for asserting the annihilation of the self after death; and five grounds for wrongly asserting the attainment of nirvana here and now. +
In Shijé the ''Manual of the Profound InitiaManual ofthe Root Identification, Manual ofthe Guidelines of the EarWhispered Lineage,Manual of the Vital Points of the Four Doors, Manual of tbe Vańous Magical Powers, Manual of the Profound Mantra) Manual of Dākiṇī Doctrine-Protector, and Manual of the Three-Part Royal Special Instruction''. +
A tantric ritual anointment, coronation, or empowerment, in which a guru confers upon disciples the blessings of the practice lineage of a particular deity and allows them to undertake practices related to that deity. There are different types and categorizations of initiations, but all of them require that the disciple visualize the lama as the deity, make offerings, and undertake vows. +
According to Tibetan traditions, one of the two major Hinayana philosophical schools. Sometimes divided into eighteen subschools, the Vaibhāsika is most often identified with the Sarvāstivāda tradition typified by Vasubandhus ''Treasury of Higher Knowledge''. Vaibhāṣikas espouse ontological and epistemological realism, asserting that all ''dharmas'' exist and that sense cognitions directly encounter the objects that they cognize. +
From a ''Hinayana'' perspective, any being who has eliminated all defilements, completed the path, and attained ''nirvana''. According to most Mahayanists, arhatship, while tranquil, is a goal inferior to the full ''buddhahood'' altruistically sought by the ''bodhisattva'', and arhats eventually will have to move beyond the limitations of their quiescent state. +
In virtually all Indic traditions, a state in which one is deeply focused in meditation on a particular object. In Buddhism, concentration presupposes ''tranquil abiding'', and is roughly synonymous with ''meditative equipoise''. Concentrations are as various as the objects of meditation and may involve states of inner absorption, the mastery of extraordinary powers, or insight into the nature of things. +
In general, an honorific term for an individual who has mastery of or is a great supporter of the Buddhist ''Dharma''; it also is an epithet of the lord of death, Yama. In a Tibetan context the term usually refers to a set of three great kings who helped to establish Buddhism in the land: Songtsen Gampo (617-49/50), Trisong Detsen (r. 755/56-97), and Ralpachen (r. 815-38). +
From the perspective of ''Mahayana'', the “lesser vehicle” teachings and practices expounded by the Buddha in his initial turning of the Dharma wheel. It sets as its ideal the ''nirvana'' of an ''arhat''. Philosophically, it is prone to realism, as expressed in two major schools ''Vaibhāṣika'' and ''Sautrāntika''. From the Tibetan point of view, Hinayana is foundational but is superseded by the Buddhas later Mahayana and ''secretmantra vehicle'' teachings. +
One of two crucial attainments in Buddhist meditation, the other being ''tranquil abiding''. Superior insight involves a penetrating realization of the nature of reality, whether articulated in terms of the four noble truths, no-self, or ''emptiness''. Though based on intellectual analysis, superior insight is only effective in uprooting ''delusions'' if conjoined with tranquil abiding. +