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According to Tibetan traditions, one of the two major Hinayana philosophical schools. Sometimes divided into eighteen subschools, the Vaibhāsika is most often identified with the Sarvāstivāda tradition typified by Vasubandhus ''Treasury of Higher Knowledge''. Vaibhāṣikas espouse ontological and epistemological realism, asserting that all ''dharmas'' exist and that sense cognitions directly encounter the objects that they cognize. +
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From a ''Hinayana'' perspective, any being who has eliminated all defilements, completed the path, and attained ''nirvana''. According to most Mahayanists, arhatship, while tranquil, is a goal inferior to the full ''buddhahood'' altruistically sought by the ''bodhisattva'', and arhats eventually will have to move beyond the limitations of their quiescent state. +
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In Kadam: Serlingpa and Vidyākokila +
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In virtually all Indic traditions, a state in which one is deeply focused in meditation on a particular object. In Buddhism, concentration presupposes ''tranquil abiding'', and is roughly synonymous with ''meditative equipoise''. Concentrations are as various as the objects of meditation and may involve states of inner absorption, the mastery of extraordinary powers, or insight into the nature of things. +
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In general, an honorific term for an individual who has mastery of or is a great supporter of the Buddhist ''Dharma''; it also is an epithet of the lord of death, Yama. In a Tibetan context the term usually refers to a set of three great kings who helped to establish Buddhism in the land: Songtsen Gampo (617-49/50), Trisong Detsen (r. 755/56-97), and Ralpachen (r. 815-38). +
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Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Zhili, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guandong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Huguang. +
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See ''three persons'' +
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From the perspective of ''Mahayana'', the “lesser vehicle” teachings and practices expounded by the Buddha in his initial turning of the Dharma wheel. It sets as its ideal the ''nirvana'' of an ''arhat''. Philosophically, it is prone to realism, as expressed in two major schools ''Vaibhāṣika'' and ''Sautrāntika''. From the Tibetan point of view, Hinayana is foundational but is superseded by the Buddhas later Mahayana and ''secretmantra vehicle'' teachings. +
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One of two crucial attainments in Buddhist meditation, the other being ''tranquil abiding''. Superior insight involves a penetrating realization of the nature of reality, whether articulated in terms of the four noble truths, no-self, or ''emptiness''. Though based on intellectual analysis, superior insight is only effective in uprooting ''delusions'' if conjoined with tranquil abiding. +
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The eight immortals of Daoist tradition： Zhong Liquan, Zhang Guolao, Lu Dongbin, Li Tieguai, He Xiangu, Nan Caihc, Han Xiangzi, and Chao Guojiu. +
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The preparatory mind of the first mental absorption, and then the actual experiences of the four form-realm and four formless-realm mental absorptions. +
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Cittamãtrins following scripture and Cittamãtrins following reasoning. +
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In Sakya： The three ''kecarīs'': Nāro Khecarī, Indra Khecarī, Maitrī Kliccarī; the three great red ones: Kurukulla, Gaṇapati, Ṭakkirāja; the three lesser red ones: Kurukulla with a Golden Heartdrop, Red Norgyunma, Tinuma; and Amāravajradevī, Red Jambala, Siṃhamukhā, Black Mañjughosa, and Siṃhanāda Avalokiteśvara. +
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Shangpa and Dakpo. +
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In Nyingma, the expanses or spaces in which： the view is unchanging, meditation is neither present nor absent, there is neither hope nor doubt for the result, the essence is neither accomplished nor clarified, natural expression is unimpeded, appearance and mind are liberated with respect to characteristics, the expanse is unchanging, display unimpededly and naturally arises, and there is the total presence of spontaneous sameness and primordial liberation. See NS, vol.II, p. 4511591; cf. BA, p. 172. +
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In Sakya: the path-time Hevajra sādhana, the Vajrayoginī sādhana, the Virūpa protection meditation, and the profound-path guruyoga meditation. +
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The triple refuge： Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha. +
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A Kadam special instruction involving recollection of： your lama as an object of refuge, your body as a deity, your speech as mantra, all beings as your parents, and your mind as empty. +
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One of the most common epithets of the Buddha，literally meaning one who is “thus gone” (''tathā āgata'') beyond samsara to the far shore of ''nirvana'', or who is “thus come” (''tathā āgata'') to the world to show the way to nirvana. +
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Inner heat, illusory body, dream, clear light, transference of consciousness, and the bardo. +
