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In this article, I chart a trajectory from … In this article, I chart a trajectory from deconstruction to embodiment in the intellectual history of Buddhist traditions in Tibet. I focus on embodiment as a participatory approach to radically deconstructed and unthematized meaning, in contrast to an interpretation of truth as purely an analytic category or an approach to meaning that deals with values, such as emptiness, as simply truth claims or representations. I show how certain Buddhists in Tibet have represented the meaning of emptiness as a uniquely participatory encounter in such a way that its meaning is necessarily embodied. To speak of it otherwise, I argue, is to misrepresent its meaning fundamentally. An important way that the embodiment of emptiness is formulated is through the discourses of buddha-nature (''tathāgatagarbha''). I show how Tibetan interpretations of Buddha-nature reflect postmodern concerns about metaphysics and onto-theology.cerns about metaphysics and onto-theology. +
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*Bergson, Henri. 1911. Creative Evolution … </br>*Bergson, Henri. 1911. Creative Evolution, trans. Arthur Miller. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co. </br>*Bohm, David. 1980. Wholeness and Implicate Order. London, UK: Routledge and Kegan Paul. </br>*Dölpopa (dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan, 1292–1361). 1976. The Mountain Doctrine: Ocean of the Definitive Meaning (ri chos nges don rgya mtsho). Gangtok, India: Dodrup Sangyey Lama; English trans. in Hopkins, Jeffrey. 2006. Mountain Doctrine: Tibet’s Fundamental Treatise on Other- Emptiness and the Buddha Matrix. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications. </br>*Dölpopa (dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan, 1292–1361). 1998. Distinguishing the Doctrine (dpon byang ba’i phyag tu phul ba’i chos kyi shan ’byed). Shes rab rgyal mtshan’s Collected Works. ’dzam thang ed., Vol. 6, 401–602. </br>*Ferrer, Jorge. 2008. “Spiritual Knowing as Participatory Enaction.” In The Participatory Turn: Spirituality, Mysticism, Religious Studies, ed. Jorge Ferrer and Jacob Sherman, 135–169. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. </br>*Ferrer, Jorge and Jacob Sherman. 2008. “The Participatory Turn in Spirituality, Mysticism, and Religious Studies.” In The Participatory Turn: Spirituality, Mysticism, Religious Studies, ed. Jorge Ferrer and Jacob Sherman, 1–78. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. </br>*Hegel, G.W. F. 1969. Hegel’s Science of Logic, trans. A. V. Miller. New York, NY: Humanities Press. Heidegger, Martin 1969 Identity and Difference, trans. Joan Stambaugh. New York, NY: Harper and Row. </br>*Kant, Immanuel. 1998. Critique of Pure Reason, ed. and trans. Paul Guyer and AllenWood. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</br>*Khedrupjé (mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang, 1385–1438). 1968. “Rgyud sde spyi’i rnam par bzhag pa rgyas par bshad pa.” In Mkhas grub rje’s Fundamentals of the Buddhist Tantras, ed. Ferdinand Lessing and AlexWayman. The Hague, The Netherlands: Mouton. </br>*Khedrupjé (mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang, 1385–1438). 1972. Opening the Eyes of the Fortunate: A Treatise That Completely Clarifies the Reality of Profound Emptiness (zab mo stong pa nyid kyi de kho na nyid rab tu gsal bar byed pa’i bstan bcos skal bzang mig ’byed). In Lha mkhar yongs ’dzin bstan pa rgyal mtshan, ed. Stoṅmthun chen mo of mkhas grub dge legs dpal bzang and other texts of mādhyamika philosophy. Mādhyamika Texts Series, Vol. 1. New Delhi, India; English trans. in Cabezón, José. 1992. A Dose of Emptiness: An Annotated Translation of the stong thung chen mo of mkhas grub dge legs dpal bzang. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Khenpo Lodrö Drakpa (’dzam thang mkhan po blo gros grags pa, 1920–1975) 1993 Roar of the Fearless Lion (rgyu dang ’bras bu’i theg pa mchog gi gnas lugs zab mo’i don rnam par nges pa rje jo nang pa chen po’i ring lugs ’jigs med gdong lnga’i nga ro). Dharamsala, India: Library of TibetanWorks and Archives. </br>*Khenpo Lodrö Drakpa (’dzam thang mkhan po blo gros grags pa, 1920–75). 1998. The Beautiful Ornament of a Clear Mind: A Presentation of Buddhist and Non-Buddhist philosophies ( phyi nang grub mtha’i rnam bzhag gi bsdus don blo gsal yid kyi rgyan bzang). Lodrö Drakpa’s CollectedWorks. ’dzam thang ed., Vol. 10, 189–295. </br>*Kongtrül (kong sprul blo gros mtha’ yas, 1813–99). 1990. Clarifying the Intent of Rangjung [Dorjé]: A Commentary on the Buddha-nature Treatise (de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying po bstan pa’i bstan bcos kyi rnam ’grel rang byung dgongs gsal). In dbu ma gzhan stong skor bstan bcos phyogs bsdus deb dang po. Sikkim, India: Karma Shri Nalanda Institute. </br>*Longchenpa (klong chen rab ’byams, 1308–64). 1983. White Lotus: Autocommentary of the Precious Wish-fulfilling Treasury (theg pa chen po’i man ngag gi bstan bcos yid bzhin rin po che’i mdzod kyi ’grel pa padma dkar po). In mdzod bdun, Vol. 7, ed. Sherab Gyaltsen, 139–1544. Gangtok, India: Khyentse Labrang. </br>*Mipam (’ju mi pham rgya mtsho, 1846–1912). 1993a. Commentary on theWisdom Chapter of the Bodhicaryāvatāra (spyod ’jug sher ’grel ke ta ka). Chengdu, China: Nationalities Press. </br>*_____. 1993b. Light of the Sun (brgal lan nyin byed snang ba). spyod ’jug sher ’grel ke ta ka, 465–579. Chengdu, China: Nationalities Press. </br>*_____. 1987a. Lion’s Roar: Exposition of Buddha-Nature (bde gshegs snying po’i stong thun chen mo seng ge’i nga ro). Mipam’s Collected Works. Dilgo Khyentsé’s expanded redaction of sde dge edition, Vol. 4 ( pa), 563–607. Kathmandu, Nepal: Zhechen Monastery; English trans. in Duckworth, Douglas S. 2008. Mipam on Buddha-nature: The Ground of the Nyingma tradition, 147–180. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. </br>*_____. 1987b. Precious vajra garland (gnyug sems zur dpyad skor gyi gsung sgros thor bu rnams phyogs gcig tu bsdus pa rdo rje rin po che’i phreng ba). In Mipam’s Collected Works. Dilgo Khyentsé’s expanded redaction of sde dge edition, Vol. 24, 567–774. Kathmandu, Nepal: Zhechen Monastery. </br>*_____. 1990. Words That Delight Guru Mañjughoṣa: Commentary on the Madhyamakālaṃkāra (dbu ma rgyan gyi rnam bshad ’jam byangs bla ma dgyes pa’i zhal lung). dbu ma rgyan rtsa ’grel. Chengdu, China: Nationalities Press; English trans. in Doctor, Thomas. 2004. Speech of Delight: Mipham’s Commentary on Śāntarakṣita’s Ornament of the MiddleWay. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications. </br>*_____. 1997. Beacon of Certainty (nges shes sgron me). Nges shes sgron me rtsa ’grel, 1–54. Chengdu, China: Nationalities Press; English trans. in Pettit, John W. 1999. Mipham’s Beacon of Certainty: Illuminating the View of the Great Perfection, 194–240. Boston, MA:Wisdom Publications. </br>*Nāgārjuna. 1957. Mūlamadhyāmakakārikā (dbu ma rtsa ba). In The Tibetan Tripitika, Peking ed., Vol. 95, ed. Daisetz T. Suzuki, text no. 5224. Tokyo, Japan: Tibetan Tripitika Research Institute. </br>*Powers, John. 1995. Wisdom of the Buddha: The Saṃdhinirmocana Mahāyāna Sūtra. Berkeley, CA: Dharma Publishing. </br>*Tsongkhapa (tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa, 1357–1419). 1995. Great Exposition of the Stages of Mantra (sngags rim chen mo). Qinghai, China: Nationalities Press. </br>*Tsongkhapa (tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa, 1357–1419). 1998. Thoroughly Illuminating the Viewpoint (dgongs pa rab gsal). Sarnath, India: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies. </br>*Tuken Lopsang Chökyi Nyima (thu’u bkwan chos kyi nyi ma). 1969. Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems (grub mtha’ shel gyi me long). In Collected works of Thu-bkwang Blo-bzang-chos-kyi-nyi-ma, Vol. 2, ed. Ngawang Gelek Domo. Delhi, India: Ngawang Gelek Domo; English trans. in Thuken Losang Chökyi Nyima. 1999. The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems: A Tibetan Study of Asian Religious Thought, trans. Geshé Lhundup Sopa, ed. Roger Jackson. Boston, MA:Wisdom Publications. </br>*Varela, Francisco, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch. 1991. The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. </br>*Westphal, Merold. 1997. “Onto-theo-logical Straw: Reflections on Presence and Absence.” In Postmodernism and Christian Philosophy, ed. Roman T. Ciapalo, 258–267. Mishawaka, IN: American Maritain Association.</br>shawaka, IN: American Maritain Association.
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Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature +
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Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature +
Duckworth, Douglas S. "Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature." ''Journal of the American Academy of Religion'' 82, no. 4 (2014): 1070–90. https://sites.temple.edu/duckworth/files/2013/07/Duckworth_Ontotheology.pdf. +
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Duckworth, Douglas S. "Onto-theology and E … Duckworth, Douglas S. "Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature." ''Journal of the American Academy of Religion'' 82, no. 4 (2014): 1070–90. https://sites.temple.edu/duckworth/files/2013/07/Duckworth_Ontotheology.pdf.;Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature;tathāgatagarbha;Buddha-nature as Emptiness;History of buddha-nature in Tibet;Geluk;Jonang;Nyingma;gzhan stong;prasajyapratiṣedha;paryudāsapratiṣedha;rang stong;Buddha-nature as Emptiness;Douglas Duckworth; ature as Emptiness;Douglas Duckworth;  +
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In this article, I chart a trajectory from … In this article, I chart a trajectory from deconstruction to embodiment in the intellectual history of Buddhist traditions in Tibet. I focus on embodiment as a participatory approach to radically deconstructed and unthematized meaning, in contrast to an interpretation of truth as purely an analytic category or an approach to meaning that deals with values, such as emptiness, as simply truth claims or representations. I show how certain Buddhists in Tibet have represented the meaning of emptiness as a uniquely participatory encounter in such a way that its meaning is necessarily embodied. To speak of it otherwise, I argue, is to misrepresent its meaning fundamentally. An important way that the embodiment of emptiness is formulated is through the discourses of buddha-nature (''tathāgatagarbha''). I show how Tibetan interpretations of Buddha-nature reflect postmodern concerns about metaphysics and onto-theology.cerns about metaphysics and onto-theology. +
Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature +
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