The Awakening of Faith (1967)

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{{Book
 
{{Book
|BookPerson={{Book-person
 
|PersonPage=Hakeda, Y.
 
|PersonName=Yoshito S. Hakeda
 
}}{{Book-person
 
|PersonPage=Aśvaghoṣa
 
|PersonName=Aśvaghoṣa
 
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|BookToc=Foreword, by Wm. Theodore de Bary ix
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|BookToc=**{{i|Foreword, by ''Wm. Theodore de Bary''|v}}
Preface xi
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**{{i|Preface|vii}}
Introduction 1
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**{{i|Introduction|1}}
Introduction to the Reprint Edition, by Ry[ichi Abé 17
 
The Awakening of Faith 29
 
Invocation 31
 
The Contents of the Discourse 32
 
Part 1 The Reasons for Writing 33
 
Part 2 Outline 35
 
Part 3 Interpretation 38
 
Chapter One: Revelation of True Meaning 38
 
I. One Mind and Its Two Aspects 38
 
A. The Mind in Terms of the Absolute 39
 
1. Truly Empty 41
 
2. Truly Nonempty 42
 
B. The Mind in Terms of Phenomena 43
 
1. The Storehouse Consciousness 43
 
  
a. The Aspect of Enlightenment 43
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*{{i|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''The Awakening of Faith''|21}}
(1) Original Enlightenment 43
 
(2) The Process of Actualization of Enlightenment 44
 
(a) Purity of Wisdom 46
 
(b) Suprarational Functions 47
 
(3) The Characteristics of the Essence of
 
Enlightenment 47
 
b. The Aspect of Nonenlightenment 48
 
c. The Relationships Between Enlightenment and
 
Nonenlightenment 50
 
(1) Identity 50
 
(2) Nonidentity 50
 
2. The Cause and Conditions of Man’s Being in
 
SaÅs1ra 51
 
a. Mind 52
 
b. Consciousness 53
 
c. Defiled States of Mind 55
 
d. Comments on the Terms Used in the Foregoing
 
Discussion 56
 
3. The Characteristics of Beings in SaÅs1ra 57
 
a. Permeation of Ignorance 59
 
b. Permeation of Suchness 60
 
(1) Permeation Through Manifestation of the Essence
 
of Suchness 62
 
(2) Permeation Through Influences 63
 
(a) The Specific Coordinating Causes 63
 
(b) The General Coordinating Causes 64
 
  
II. The Essence Itself and the Attributes of Suchness, or
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**{{i|Invocation|23}}
The Meanings of Mah1 66
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**{{i|The Contents of the Discourse|24}}
A. The Greatness of the Essence of Suchness 66
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*{{i|Part 1 The Reasons for Writing|25}}
B. The Greatness of the Attributes of Suchness 66
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*{{i|Part 2 Outline|28}}
C. The Greatness of the Influences of Suchness 68
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*{{i|Part 3 Interpretation|31}}
III. From SaÅs1ra to Nirv1âa 72
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**{{i|Chapter One: Revelation of True Meaning|31}}
Chapter Two: The Correction of Evil Attachments 73
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***{{i|I. One Mind and Its Two Aspects|31}}
I. The Biased Views Held by Ordinary Men 74
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****{{i|A. The Mind in Terms of the Absolute|32}}
II. The Biased Views Held by the HEn1yanists 77
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*****{{i|1. Truly Empty|34}}
vi contents
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*****{{i|2. Truly Nonempty|35}}
Chapter Three: Analysis of the Types of Aspiration for
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****{{i|B. The Mind in Terms of Phenomena|36}}
Enlightenment, or The Meanings of Y1na 79
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*****{{i|1. The Storehouse Consciousness|36}}
I. The Aspiration for Enlightenment Through the Perfection
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******{{i|a. The Aspect of Enlightenment|37}}
of Faith 79
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*******{{i|(1) Original Enlightenment|37}}
II. The Aspiration for Enlightenment Through
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*******{{i|(2) The Process of Actualization of Enlightenment|38}}
Understanding and Deeds 83
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********{{i|(a) Purity of Wisdom|41}}
III. The Aspiration for Enlightenment Through
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********{{i|(b) Suprarational Functions|41}}
Insight 84
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*******{{i|(3) The Characteristics of the Essence of Enlightenment|42}}
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******{{i|b. The Aspect of Nonenlightenment|43}}
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******{{i|c. The Relationships Between Enlightenment and Nonenlightenment|45}}
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*******{{i|(1) Identity|45}}
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*******{{i|(2) Nonidentity|46}}
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*****{{i|2. The Cause and Conditions of Man’s Being in Samsara|46}}
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******{{i|a. Mind|47}}
 +
******{{i|b. Consciousness|49}}
 +
******{{i|c. Defiled States of Mind|51}}
 +
******{{i|d. Comments on the Terms Used in the Foregoing Discussion|52}}
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*****{{i|3. The Characteristics of Beings in Samsara|54}}
 +
******{{i|a. Permeation of Ignorance|56}}
 +
******{{i|b. Permeation of Suchness|58}}
 +
*******{{i|(1) Permeation Through Manifestation of the Essence of Suchness|59}}
 +
*******{{i|(2) Permeation Through Influences|61}}
 +
********{{i|(a) The Specific Coordinating Causes|61}}
 +
********{{i|(b) The General Coordinating Causes|63}}
 +
***{{i|II. The Essence Itself and the Attributes of Suchness, or The Meanings of Mahā|64}}
 +
****{{i|A. The Greatness of the Essence of Suchness|64}}
 +
****{{i|B. The Greatness of the Attributes of Suchness|65}}
 +
****{{i|C. The Greatness of the Influences of Suchness|67}}
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***{{i|III. From Samsara to Nirvana|72}}
  
Part 4 On Faith and Practice 88
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**{{i|Chapter Two: The Correction of Evil Attachments|73}}
On Four Faiths 88
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***{{i|I. The Biased Views Held by Ordinary Men|74}}
On Five Practices 89
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***{{i|II. The Biased Views Held by the Hinayanists|78}}
The Practice of Cessation 91
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The Practice of Clear Observation 94
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**{{i|Chapter Three: Analysis of the Types of Aspiration for Enlightenment, or The Meanings of Yāna|80}}
Part 5 Encouragement of Practice and the Benefits Thereof 96
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***{{i|I. The Aspiration for Enlightenment Through the Perfection of Faith|80}}
Notes 99
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***{{i|II. The Aspiration for Enlightenment Through Understanding and Deeds|86}}
Chinese Character Glossary 105
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***{{i|III. The Aspiration for Enlightenment Through Insight|87}}
Selected Bibliography 107
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Index 111
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*{{i|Part 4 On Faith and Practice|92}}
 +
**{{i|On Four Faiths|92}}
 +
**{{i|On Five Practices|93}}
 +
**{{i|The Practice of Cessation|96}}
 +
**{{i|The Practice of Clear Observation|100}}
 +
 
 +
*{{i|Part 5 Encouragement of Practice and the Benefits Thereof|103}}
 +
 
 +
**{{i|Notes|105}}
 +
 
 +
**{{i|A Selected Bibliography|119}}
 +
 
 +
**{{i|Index|123}}
 
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Latest revision as of 20:20, 11 September 2020

The Awakening of Faith (1967)
Book
Book

The text known as the Dasheng qixinlun (Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna) is a short treatise occupying only nine pages in the Taishō edition of the Chinese Tripitaka.[1] The reconstructed Sanskrit title of the work is Mahāyāna-śraddhotpāda-śāstra; it is said to have been written in Sanskrit by Aśvaghosha and translated into Chinese in A.D. 550 by the famous Indian translator of Buddhist texts, Paramārtha. No Sanskrit version of the text exists today, however, and all our knowledge of the work is based on this Chinese version and a second version that dates from a somewhat later period.
      The work is a comprehensive summary of the essentials of Mahāyāna Buddhism, the product of a mind extraordinarily apt at synthesis. It begins with an examination of the nature of the Absolute or enlightenment and of the phenomenal world or nonenlightenment and discusses the relationships that exist between them; from there, it passes on to the question of how man may transcend his finite state and participate in the life of the infinite while still remaining in the midst of the phenomenal order; it concludes with a discussion of particular practices and techniques that will aid the believer in the awakening and growth of his faith. In spite of its deep concern with philosophical concepts and definitions, therefore, it is essentially a religious work, a map drawn by a man of unshakable faith, which will guide the believer to the peak of understanding. But the map and the peak are only provisional symbols, skillful and expedient ways employed to bring men to enlightenment. The text and all the arguments in it exist not for their own sake but for the sake of this objective alone. The treatise is, indeed, a true classic of Mahāyāna Buddhism. (Hakeda, introduction, 1–2)

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Citation Hakeda, Yoshito S., trans. The Awakening of Faith: Attributed to Aśvaghosha. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967.