A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra)

Latest revision as of 18:56, 15 September 2020

Translation of The Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum of the Mahāyāna (84000)

Book

Jikido Takasaki's seminal work on the Ratnagotravibhāga includes a critical introduction, a synopsis of the text, a translation from the original Sanskrit text in comparison with its Tibetan and Chinese versions, critical notes, appendixes, and indexes. The work is split into two parts. The first consists of a critical and detailed study on the structure of the text and the position of the Ratnagotravibhāga in Mahāyāna Buddhism, and the second consists of a translation of the Sanskrit text into English.

Citation	Takasaki, Jikidō. A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra): Being a Treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Serie Orientale Roma XXXIII. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (IsMEO), 1966. https://archive.org/details/bdrc-W1KG1582/page/n1/mode/2up.

List of Abbreviationsix
Prefacexi
Introduction1
- I. The Ratnagotravibhāga, its Text, Translation, and Traditions concering the Author5
  - 1. Text5
  - 2. Translations & Traditions concerning the Author6
- II. The Structure of the Text10
  - 1. Basic Text and Commentary10
  - 2. Chinese Account of the Basic Verses12
  - 3. Supposed Form of the Original Text18
  - 4. The Commentary and Later Additions19
- III. Keypoint of the Discourse20
  - 1. Ratnagotra, the Germ of the Three Jewels20
  - 2. 4 Aspects of the Germ23
  - 3. The Absolute26
- IV. Genealogy of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory32
  - 1. Sources of the Ratnagotravibhāga32
  - 2. Cittaprakrti and Āganutukakleśa34
  - 3. Buddhajñana in the Avatamsaka35
  - 4. The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra36
  - 5. The Āryaśrīmālāsūtra37
  - 6. The Anūnatvâpūrnatvanirdeśa and the Mahāparinirvānasūtra39
  - 7. The Mahāyānasūtrâlankāra40
- V. Works on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory Contemporary with or Succeeding
  the Ratna.45
  - 1. The Mahāyanadharmadhātvaviśesaśāstra45
  - 2. The Buddhagotraśastra47
  - 3. The Anuttarâśrayasūtra49
  - 4. The Lankāvatāra and the Mahāyānaśraddhôtpādaśāstra53
- VI. The Position of the Ratna. in Mahāyāna Buddhism54
  - 1. The Ratna. as a Criticism on the Prajñāpāramitā54
  - 2. The Ratna. and the Vijñānavāda57
  - 3. Consideration on the Date and Authorship of the Ratna.61
Synopsis of the Text63
Translation and Notes135

Chapter I. — The Matrix of the Tathāgata

I. Introduction141
- 1) The Meaning of the Adamantine Subjects141
- 2) Authorities on the 7 Subjects 143
- 3) The Essential Character of the 7 Subjects146
- 4) The Inherent Connection among the 7 Subjects153

II. The Jewel of the Buddha155
- 1) The eightfold Quality of the Buddhahood156
- 2) Reference to the Jñānâlokâlaṅkārasūtra159

III. The Jewel of the Doctrine163
- 1) The Eightfold Quality of the Doctrine164
- 2) Nirodhasatya & Mārgasatya165
- 3) The Doctrine as the Truth of Extinction165
- 4) The Doctrine as the Truth of Path168

IV. The Jewel of the Community172
- 1) Manner and Extent of Perception173
  - a) Right Manner of Perception174
  - b) Unlimited Extent of Perception175
- 2) Introspective Character of Bodhisattva’s Perception176
- 3) Superiority of Bodhisattva’s Community176

V. The 3 Jewels as Refuges180
- 1) 3 Refuges from the Empirical Standpoint180
- 2) The Doctrine and the Community are not the ultimate refuge181
- 3) Only the Buddha is the Refuge from the ultimate Standpoint184
- 4) The Meaning of the 3 Jewels185

VI. The Germ of the 3 Jewels in 4 Aspects186
- 1) Inconceivability of the 4 Aspects188
- 2) The Germ as Cause and Conditions of the 3 Jewels in its 4 Aspects194

VII. The Sermon: All Living Beings are possessed of the Tathāgatagarbha196

VIII. Analysis of the Germ from 10 Points of View199
- (I) Svabhāva & (II) Hetu200
  - 1) The Nature of the Essence of the Tathāgata200
  - 2) Obstructions and Causes for Purification201
- (III) Phala & (IV) Karman207
  - 1) The 4 Supreme Virtues as the Result of Purification208
  - 2) Concordance between the 4 Supreme Virtues and the 4 Causes for Purification210
  - 3) 4 Impediments to the Attainment of the Supreme Virtues214
  - 4) Motives of the 4 Supreme Virtues218
  - 4') The Unstable Nirvāṇa219
  - 5) Functions of the Germ for its Purification221
- (V) Yoga225
  - 1) The Union of the Germ to the Factors of its Purification225
  - 2) The Union of the Germ to the Result of Purification227
- (VI) Vṛtti (Manifestation)229
- (VII) Avasthāprabheda (Different States of Manifestation)230
- (VIII) Sarvatraga (All-pervadingness)233
- (IX) Avikāra234
  - (A) Unchangeability in the Impure State235
    - 1) Unoriginated Character of the Innate Mind238
    - 2) Indestructible Character of the Innate Mind241
  - (B) Unchangeability in the Pure-and-impure State243
    - 1) Pure Character and Impure Character of the Bodhisattva243
    - 2) Defilements endowed with the Virtuous Root245
    - 3) Bodhisattva’s Compassion — The Parable of a Householder246
    - 4) Bodhisattva’s Perception of the Pure Mind248
    - 5) ' Saṃsāra ' in the Case of Bodhisattva250
    - 6) Bodhisattva in his 6th Stage250
    - 7) The Pure and Impure State of the Bodhisattva in comparison
      with the Ordinary Being and the Buddha253
  - (C) Unchangeability in the Perfectly Pure State256
- (X) Asaṃbheda258
  - 1) Synonyms of the Essence of the Tathāgata259
  - 2) The Point: Buddhahood is Nirvāṇa261
  - 3) The Parable of Painters263
  - 4) Similarity of the Buddhahood to the Sun265

IX. The 9 Illustrations on the Germ covered with Defilements268
- 1) The 9 Illustrations according to the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra268
- 2) 9 Kinds of Defilements — the Impurities of the Mind277
- 3) Concordance between the 9 Illustrations and 9 Kinds of Defilements281
- 4) The threefold Nature of the Essence283
  - a) Dharmakāya284
  - b) Tathatā287
  - c) Tathāgatagotra288

X. The Essential Characteristics of the Matrix of the Tathāgata294
- 1) The Saying: ' All Living Beings are possessed of the Matrix of the
  Tathāgata ' is the Highest Logical Truth294
- 2) The 4 Kinds of Individuals to whom the Faith in this Essence is necessary296
- 3) The True Conception of the Matrix of the Tathāgata as representing Non-substantiality300

XI. The Purpose of Instruction305

Chapter II. — The Enlightenment

XII. General Characteristics of the Reality free from Pollutions310
XIII. 8 Points on the Undefiled Reality314
- (I) Svabhāva & (II) Hetu314
- (III) Phala315
- (IV) Karman318
- (V) Yoga322
- (VI) Vṛtti324
  - a) The Body of the Absolute Essence326
  - b) The Body of Enjoyment328
  - c) The Apparitional Body329
- (VII) Nitya331
- (VIII) Acintya334

Chapter III. — The Properties of the Buddha

XIV. General Characteristics of the Buddha’s Properties336
XV. The 64 Properties of the Buddha338
- (I) The 10 Powers338
- (II) The 4 Forms of Intrepidity339
- (III) The 18 Exclusive Properties341
- (IV) The 32 Marks of the Superman343
  - (Commentary)347

Chapter IV. — The Acts of the Buddha

XVI. General Characteristics of the Acts of the Buddha351
XVII. The 9 Illustrations on the Buddha's Acts355
- 1) Buddha's Magnanimity355
- 2) The 9 Illustrations taken from the Jñānâlokâlaṅkārasūtra356
- 3) Summary of the Illustrations given by the Commentator374
- 4) Summary of Examples given in the Kārikās375
- 5) Non-origination and Non-extinction of the Buddhahood377
- 6) The Point of Dissimilarity377

Chapter V. — The Merits of Faith

XVIII. The Merits of Having Faith in the Doctrine of the Essence of Buddhahood380
- 1) The Superiority of Faith to other Virtues in regard to their Merits380
- 2) Authority, Motive, and Characteristics of this Text being the Correct
  Doctrine384
- 3) Means of preserving oneself within the Doctrine386
- 4) Causes and Results of the Loss of the Doctrine387
- 5) Conclusion389

Appendixes
- I. Supposed for of the Original Śloka-grantha393
- II. Corrections & Emendations to the Sanskrit Text396
- III. Description of the Ultimate Reality by Means of the Six Categories400
Indexes
- 1. Index of Sanskrit Terms411
- 2. Index of Works, Authors & Schools437

Maitreya; Asaṅga, (thogs med). theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos (mahāyānottaratantraśāstra-ratnagotra-vibhāga). Chinese: 究竟一乘寶性論 (jiu jing yi ch'eng bao xing lun). Dege 4024, sems tsam, phi 54b1-73a7. Translator(s): Sajjana, Rngog lo tsā ba blo ldan shes rab. Peking, Q 5525. Narthang, N 4293. In bstan 'gyur (sde dge), Vol. 123: 107-146. Delhi: delhi karmapae choedhey, gyalwae sungrab partun khang, 1982-1985. Columbia AIBS. ACIP Text.
1. This book Includes: a critical introduction, a synopsis of the text, a translation from the original Sanskrit text, in comparison with its Tibetan and Chinese versions, critical notes, appendixes and indexes.

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-|BookParentPage=Secondary Sources
 |TileDescription=A classic translation and study of the Sanskrit and Tibetan versions of the Ratnagotravibhāga, with reference to the Chinese.
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@@ Line 31: / Line 30: @@
 *** {{i|6. The Anūnatvâpūrnatvanirdeśa and the Mahāparinirvānasūtra|39}}
 *** {{i|7. The Mahāyānasūtrâlankāra|40}}
-** {{i|V. Works on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory Contemporary with or Succeeding the Ratna.|45}}
+** {{i|V. Works on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory Contemporary with or Succeeding<br>the Ratna.|45}}
 *** {{i|1. The Mahāyanadharmadhātvaviśesaśāstra|45}}
 *** {{i|2. The Buddhagotraśastra|47}}
@@ Line 42: / Line 41: @@
 * {{i|Synopsis of the Text|63}}
 * {{i|Translation and Notes|135}}
-<br>
+<center>Chapter I. — The Matrix of the Tathāgata</center>
+*{{i|I. Introduction|141}}
+**{{i|1) The Meaning of the Adamantine Subjects|141}}
+**{{i|2) Authorities on the 7 Subjects |143}}
+**{{i|3) The Essential Character of the 7 Subjects|146}}
+**{{i|4) The Inherent Connection among the 7 Subjects|153}}
+*{{i|II. The Jewel of the Buddha|155}}
+**{{i|1) The eightfold Quality of the Buddhahood|156}}
+**{{i|2) Reference to the ''Jñānâlokâlaṅkārasūtra''|159}}
+*{{i|III. The Jewel of the Doctrine|163}}
+**{{i|1) The Eightfold Quality of the Doctrine|164}}
+**{{i|2) ''Nirodhasatya'' & ''Mārgasatya''|165}}
+**{{i|3) The Doctrine as the Truth of Extinction|165}}
+**{{i|4) The Doctrine as the Truth of Path|168}}
+*{{i|IV. The Jewel of the Community|172}}
+**{{i|1) Manner and Extent of Perception|173}}
+***{{i|a) Right Manner of Perception|174}}
+***{{i|b) Unlimited Extent of Perception|175}}
+**{{i|2) Introspective Character of Bodhisattva’s Perception|176}}
+**{{i|3) Superiority of Bodhisattva’s Community|176}}
+*{{i|V. The 3 Jewels as Refuges|180}}
+**{{i|1) 3 Refuges from the Empirical Standpoint|180}}
+**{{i|2) The Doctrine and the Community are not the ultimate refuge|181}}
+**{{i|3) Only the Buddha is the Refuge from the ultimate Standpoint|184}}
+**{{i|4) The Meaning of the 3 Jewels|185}}
+*{{i|VI. The Germ of the 3 Jewels in 4 Aspects|186}}
+**{{i|1) Inconceivability of the 4 Aspects|188}}
+**{{i|2) The Germ as Cause and Conditions of the 3 Jewels in its 4 Aspects|194}}
+*{{i|VII. The Sermon: All Living Beings are possessed of the ''Tathāgatagarbha''|196}}
+*{{i|VIII. Analysis of the Germ from 10 Points of View|199}}
+**{{i|(I) ''Svabhāva'' & (II) ''Hetu''|200}}
+***{{i|1) The Nature of the Essence of the Tathāgata|200}}
+***{{i|2) Obstructions and Causes for Purification|201}}
+**{{i|(III) ''Phala'' & (IV) ''Karman''|207}}
+***{{i|1) The 4 Supreme Virtues as the Result of Purification|208}}
+***{{i|2) Concordance between the 4 Supreme Virtues and the 4 Causes for Purification|210}}
+***{{i|3) 4 Impediments to the Attainment of the Supreme Virtues|214}}
+***{{i|4) Motives of the 4 Supreme Virtues|218}}
+***{{i|4') The Unstable Nirvāṇa|219}}
+***{{i|5) Functions of the Germ for its Purification|221}}
+**{{i|(V) Yoga|225}}
+***{{i|1) The Union of the Germ to the Factors of its Purification|225}}
+***{{i|2) The Union of the Germ to the Result of Purification|227}}
+**{{i|(VI) ''Vṛtti'' (Manifestation)|229}}
+**{{i|(VII) ''Avasthāprabheda'' (Different States of Manifestation)|230}}
+**{{i|(VIII) ''Sarvatraga'' (All-pervadingness)|233}}
+**{{i|(IX) ''Avikāra''|234}}
+***{{i|(A) Unchangeability in the Impure State|235}}
+****{{i|1) Unoriginated Character of the Innate Mind|238}}
+****{{i|2) Indestructible Character of the Innate Mind|241}}
+***{{i|(B) Unchangeability in the Pure-and-impure State|243}}
+****{{i|1) Pure Character and Impure Character of the Bodhisattva|243}}
+****{{i|2) Defilements endowed with the Virtuous Root|245}}
+****{{i|3) Bodhisattva’s Compassion — The Parable of a Householder|246}}
+****{{i|4) Bodhisattva’s Perception of the Pure Mind|248}}
+****{{i|5) ' ''Saṃsāra'' ' in the Case of Bodhisattva|250}}
+****{{i|6) Bodhisattva in his 6th Stage|250}}
+****{{i|7) The Pure and Impure State of the Bodhisattva in comparison<br>with the Ordinary Being and the Buddha|253}}
+***{{i|(C) Unchangeability in the Perfectly Pure State|256}}
+**{{i|(X) ''Asaṃbheda''|258}}
+***{{i|1) Synonyms of the Essence of the Tathāgata|259}}
+***{{i|2) The Point: Buddhahood is Nirvāṇa|261}}
+***{{i|3) The Parable of Painters|263}}
+***{{i|4) Similarity of the Buddhahood to the Sun|265}}
+*{{i|IX. The 9 Illustrations on the Germ covered with Defilements|268}}
+**{{i|1) The 9 Illustrations according to the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra|268}}
+**{{i|2) 9 Kinds of Defilements — the Impurities of the Mind|277}}
+**{{i|3) Concordance between the 9 Illustrations and 9 Kinds of Defilements|281}}
+**{{i|4) The threefold Nature of the Essence|283}}
+***{{i|a) ''Dharmakāya''|284}}
+***{{i|b) ''Tathatā''|287}}
+***{{i|c) ''Tathāgatagotra''|288}}
+*{{i|X. The Essential Characteristics of the Matrix of the Tathāgata|294}}
+**{{i|1) The Saying: ' All Living Beings are possessed of the Matrix of the<br>Tathāgata ' is the Highest Logical Truth|294}}
+**{{i|2) The 4 Kinds of Individuals to whom the Faith in this Essence is necessary|296}}
+**{{i|3) The True Conception of the Matrix of the Tathāgata as representing Non-substantiality|300}}
+*{{i|XI. The Purpose of Instruction|305}}
+<center>Chapter II. — The Enlightenment</center>
+*{{i|XII. General Characteristics of the Reality free from Pollutions|310}}
+*{{i|XIII. 8 Points on the Undefiled Reality|314}}
+**{{i|(I) ''Svabhāva'' & (II) ''Hetu''|314}}
+**{{i|(III) ''Phala''|315}}
+**{{i|(IV) ''Karman''|318}}
+**{{i|(V) ''Yoga''|322}}
+**{{i|(VI) ''Vṛtti''|324}}
+***{{i|a) The Body of the Absolute Essence|326}}
+***{{i|b) The Body of Enjoyment|328}}
+***{{i|c) The Apparitional Body|329}}
+**{{i|(VII) ''Nitya''|331}}
+**{{i|(VIII) ''Acintya''|334}}
+<center>Chapter III. — The Properties of the Buddha</center>
+*{{i|XIV. General Characteristics of the Buddha’s Properties|336}}
+*{{i|XV. The 64 Properties of the Buddha|338}}
+**{{i|(I) The 10 Powers|338}}
+**{{i|(II) The 4 Forms of Intrepidity|339}}
+**{{i|(III) The 18 Exclusive Properties|341}}
+**{{i|(IV) The 32 Marks of the Superman|343}}
+***{{i|(Commentary)|347}}
+<center>Chapter IV. — The Acts of the Buddha</center>
+*{{i|XVI. General Characteristics of the Acts of the Buddha|351}}
+*{{i|XVII. The 9 Illustrations on the Buddha's Acts|355}}
+**{{i|1) Buddha's Magnanimity|355}}
+**{{i|2) The 9 Illustrations taken from the ''Jñānâlokâlaṅkārasūtra''|356}}
+**{{i|3) Summary of the Illustrations given by the Commentator|374}}
+**{{i|4) Summary of Examples given in the Kārikās|375}}
+**{{i|5) Non-origination and Non-extinction of the Buddhahood|377}}
+**{{i|6) The Point of Dissimilarity|377}}
+<center>Chapter V. — The Merits of Faith</center>
+*{{i|XVIII. The Merits of Having Faith in the Doctrine of the Essence of Buddhahood|380}}
+**{{i|1) The Superiority of Faith to other Virtues in regard to their Merits|380}}
+**{{i|2) Authority, Motive, and Characteristics of this Text being the Correct<br>Doctrine|384}}
+**{{i|3) Means of preserving oneself within the Doctrine|386}}
+**{{i|4) Causes and Results of the Loss of the Doctrine|387}}
+**{{i|5) Conclusion|389}}
 * {{i|Appendixes|}}
 ** {{i|I. Supposed for of the Original Śloka-grantha|393}}
@@ Line 51: / Line 195: @@
 ** {{i|2. Index of Works, Authors & Schools|437}}
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