Root Verses

Latest revision as of 10:27, 14 March 2023

Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra

रत्नगोत्रविभाग महायानोत्तरतन्त्रशास्त्र

Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra

ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་རྒྱུད་བླ་མའི་བསྟན་བཅོས།

theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos

究竟一乘寶性論

jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun

Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule

The Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum of the Mahāyāna (84000)

D4024 · 001 T1,611

SOURCE TEXT

Back to text page · Switch to: Root Verses English French Sanskrit Tibetan Chinese

Root Verses^[1]

The root verses presented here have been parsed from the Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra (Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos), which according to the Tibetan tradition is attributed to Maitreya. More on the history of this text can be found here. This page was created for ease of reference to allow readers to quickly navigate between verses. The prose commentary that accompanies these verses has also been extracted so that it may be read alongside the associated verses. This commentary, attributed to Asaṅga, is known in the contemporary scholarship that follows the Tibetan tradition as the Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā (Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa).

This page also allows the reader to view the verses and commentary in a variety of languages, namely Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, English, and French. We have undertaken this concordance with the understanding that none of these texts are the same; ours is at best an approximation. This is because both the Tibetan and the Chinese versions are not translations of the surviving Sanskrit text, which was discovered in a Tibetan monastery in the 1930s. At best the three versions can be said to share a common ancestor. The English translation we have used from Karl Brunnhölzl is based on both the Tibetan and the Sanskrit.

As for the sources of the various languages presented, the English is taken from Karl Brunnhölzl's translation of the Ratnagotravibhāga published in his book When the Clouds Part and the French is from Christian Charrier and Patrick Carré's 2019 translation, Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule. However, on the individual verse pages we have also presented a selection of alternative translations as well. The Tibetan is taken from the Derge edition of the Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), with the verses extracted from Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos and the commentary extracted from the Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa. The digitized input of these were drawn from the input provided on the Adarsha website. As for the Sanskrit, both the verses and the commentary were taken from E. H. Johnston's 1950 publication of the Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, with the digitized text extracted from the input created by the University of the West as part of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project. And, finally, the Chinese verses have been extracted from the website of the Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association. Furthermore, readers can find links to these various sources on the individual verse pages, as well.

In terms of the numbering of the verses and their order, we have followed Brunnhölzl's presentation in When the Clouds Part.^[2] The order appears to be fairly standard, except for one instance in which verses I.27 and I.28 are reversed in the Tibetan edition found in the Derge Tengyur. However, in terms of the numbering, there are a couple of instances in which verses appear to have been added to the Tibetan redactions. In these cases, such as the two verses appearing between verses I.83 and I.84, these presumed additions have been numbered as I.83.1 and I.83.2 in order to maintain the numbering schema of the core verses. There are many complex issues with the Chinese text where it does not match as closely to the other versions and we hope to get expert input on updating the information here for Chinese readers.

An Analysis of the Jewel Disposition, A Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum of the Mahāyāna

Oṃ namaḥ Śrī Vajrasattvāya—Oṃ I pay homage to Glorious Vajrasattva^[3]

Chapter I

I.1

སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་ཚོགས་ཁམས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་དང་། །
ཡོན་ཏན་སངས་རྒྱས་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཐ་མ་སྟེ། །
བསྟན་བཅོས་ཀུན་གྱི་ལུས་ནི་མདོར་བསྡུ་ན། །
རྡོ་རྗེ་ཡི་ནི་གནས་བདུན་འདི་དག་གོ། །

Buddha, dharma, assembly, basic element,
Awakening, qualities, and finally buddha activity–
The body of the entire treatise
Is summarized in these seven vajra points.

French

बुद्धश्च धर्मश्च गणश्च धातु-
र्बोधिर्गुणाः कर्म च बौद्धमन्त्यम्
कृत्स्नस्य शास्त्रस्य शरीरमेतत्
समासतो वज्रपदानि सप्त

佛法及眾僧性道功德業
略說此論體七種金剛句

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

Buddha, dharma, assembly, basic element,

Awakening, qualities, and finally buddha activity—

The body of the entire treatise

Is summarized in these seven vajra points. I.1

{P75a} "Vajra point"^[4] refers to the footing or locus of the actuality of the realization that is like a vajra. This actuality, which is to be realized through personally experienced [wisdom] and has an inexpressible nature, is to be understood as being like a vajra because it is difficult to penetrate by any cognitions that arise from studying and reflecting.^[5] The words that express this actuality^[6] through teaching the path that accords with attaining it are [also] called "footings" because they serve as the support of this [actuality]. In this way, in the sense of being what is difficult to penetrate and in the sense of being [its] support, respectively, that actuality and the letters [that describe it] are [both] to be understood as "vajra footings."

So what does "actuality" and what does "letters" refer to? "Actuality" refers to the sevenfold actuality of realization, that is, the actuality of the Buddha, the actuality of the dharma, the actuality of the assembly, the actuality of the basic element, the actuality of awakening, the actuality of [its] qualities, {J2} and the actuality of [enlightened] activity. These are called "actuality." The words that point out and elucidate this sevenfold actuality of realization are called "letters."

This discussion of the vajra points should be known in detail according to [a number of] sūtras.

Ānanda, the Tathāgata is indemonstrable. He cannot be seen with the eyes. Ānanda, the dharma is inexpressible. It cannot be heard with the ears. Ānanda, the saṃgha is unconditioned. It cannot be worshipped with body or mind.^[7]

Thus, these three vajra points should be understood by following the Dṛḍhādhyāśayaparivarta.^[8]

Śāriputra, {D75a} this actuality^[9] is the object of the Tathāgata and [solely] the sphere of the Tathāgata. First of all, Śāriputra, this actuality cannot be correctly [known,]^[10] seen, or discriminated even by śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas through their own prajñā, let alone by ordinary naive beings, unless they realize [this actuality] through trust in the Tathāgata. {P75b} Śāriputra, what is to be realized through trust is the ultimate. Śāriputra, "the ultimate" is a designation for the basic element of sentient beings.^[11] Śāriputra, "the basic element of sentient beings" is a designation for the tathāgata heart. Śāriputra, "the tathāgata heart" is a designation for the dharmakāya.^[12]

Thus, the fourth vajra point is to be understood by following the Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśaparivarta. {J3}

Bhagavan, "supreme awakening" is a designation for the dhātu of nirvāṇa. Bhagavan, "the dhātu of nirvāṇa" is a designation for the dharmakāya of the Tathāgata.^[13]

Thus, the fifth vajra point is to be understood by following the Āryaśrīmālā[devī]sūtra.

Śāriputra, the dharmakāya that is taught by the Tathāgata is endowed with inseparable attributes and qualities that [can]not be realized as being divisible [from it],^[14] which [manifest] in the form of the attributes of a tathāgata that far surpass the sand grains in the river Gaṅgā [in number].^[15]

Thus, the sixth vajra point is to be understood by following the Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśaparivarta.

Mañjuśrī, the Tathāgata does not think and does not conceptualize. Nevertheless, his activity, which has such a nature, operates effortlessly and without thinking and conceptualizing.^[16]

Thus, the seventh vajra point {D75b} is to be understood by following the Tathāgataguṇajñānācintyaviṣayāvatāranirdeśa.

In brief, these seven vajra points should be known as the "body" of the entire treatise, in the form of the [seven] summary topics that are the gateways to [what this treatise] teaches.

English translation by Karl Brunnhölzl, When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2014. All footnotes are from same following the numbers in the printed book. French translation by Christian Charrier and Patrick Carré. Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule (Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra). Avec le commentaire de Jamgön Kongtrul Lodreu Thayé ('jam mgon kong sprul blo gros mtha' yas) L'Incontestable Rugissement du lion. Tsadra Foundation Series. Plazac, France: Éditions Padmakara, 2019.
Brunnhölzl, When the Clouds Part, p. 1060: Throughout this translation of RGVV, numbers preceded by J, D, and P in "{ }" indicate the page numbers of Johnston’s Sanskrit edition and the folio numbers of the Tibetan versions in the Derge and Peking Tengyur, respectively. In my translation, I have relied on the corrections of the Sanskrit in Takasaki 1966a, 396–99; Kano 2006, 545; de Jong 1968; and Schmithausen 1971; as well as on most of the latter two’s corrections of Takasaki’s and Obermiller’s (1984) English renderings. In the notes on my translation, D and P without any numbers refer to the Tibetan translation of RGVV in the Derge and Peking Tengyur, respectively, while C indicates its version in the Chinese canon.
The Tibetan versions [DP] have "I pay homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas."
I generally render vajrapada—lit. "vajra foot(ing)"—as "vajra point." Among the many meanings of pada, those that are relevant here are "footing" (or "basis") and "word."
Compare the explanation of "vajra"in the Eighth Karmapa’s Lamp (15–16): "The means to generate the actual type of realization of the vajra-like samādhi are as follows. In the beginning, the minds and mental factors of ordinary beings are made pure through the power of the triad of study, reflection, and meditation. Thereafter, without having to rely on the power of any [element] among the triad of study, reflection, and meditation, but in a self-arisen manner, the vajra-like wisdom of realization is able to overcome the hosts of ignorance right upon the light of wisdom’s meeting them for a single moment at the same time. This is just as the orb of the sun, in a single instant of its shining, roots out completely the darkness of the latent tendencies of ignorance. This is the meaning of ‘vajra,’ and therefore it is [also] the meaning of ‘the seven vajra points’ in the Uttaratantra."JKC (10–12) explains the following on what the Uttaratantra teaches and the meaning of "vajra." The basis of explanation of the Uttaratantra is the heart of the matter taught by the Buddha, which is that "all sentient beings always possess the tathāgata heart." Though there are infinite different approaches of explaining this by following distinct scriptures, reasonings, and meditations in both India and Tibet, the masters of the Madhyamaka of definitive meaning assert the following. The entirety of the definitive meanings of all three dharma wheels is included in the two kinds of identitylessness. The ultimate meaning of these is the emptiness of the duality of apprehender and apprehended in terms of persons and in terms of phenomena. However, the manner of being empty is not just a nonimplicative negation. Madhyāntavibhāga I.20 says:
Emptiness here is the nonbeing

Of persons and phenomena.

The real being of this nonbeing

In it is another emptiness.

Accordingly, it is the manner of being empty that is an implicative negation—the essence of self-lucid self-awareness—that is taught as the tathāgata heart in the context of the Uttaratantra. This is the vajra of the definitive meaning, which becomes threefold through being divided by its phases, as in Uttaratantra I.47:

Its being impure, its being both impure and pure,

And its being completely pure, in due order,

Are expressed as "sentient being,"

"Bodhisattva," and "tathāgata."

Its phase of not being pure of adventitious stains is described as "sentient being," and this expanse is also called "disposition" or "the basic element that is the tathāgata heart." Its phase of possessing both impurity and purity is described as the persons who have entered the path, and from the perspective of isolates, the expanse represents the dharma and the saṃgha. That is, from the perspective of the isolate that is the mere wisdom of the path of seeing, it is the saṃgha. From the perspective of the uninterrupted path, it is the path. From the perspective of the path of liberation and its distinctive features, it is cessation. Its phase of being completely pure is described as the Tathāgata and so on, and the expanse is called "dharmakāya." If this is divided in terms of isolates, it is threefold—awakening, the qualities, and enlightened activity. Therefore, through these internal subdivisions, that vajra is also taught as the seven vajra points. It is easy to understand that the entire definitive meaning of the two latter dharma wheels is included in it, but you may wonder how the definitive meaning of the first wheel—personal identitylessness—is included in it. The basis of purification, the means of purification, and the result of purification of the inferior paths are all included in the suchness with stains. Therefore, the main topic of this treatise is the tathāgata heart, and one should understand that the entirety of the definitive meanings of all three dharma wheels is included in it.
Skt. artha can also mean "topic" or "meaning," as in a meaning and the words that express it. However, as made clear in the preceding sentence, here the term refers to the actual true nature of all phenomena, which is not a semantic, conceptual, or abstract meaning or topic, but something to be perceived directly. GC (20.25–21.6) also makes this very clear, saying that the seven vajra points are very difficult to be understood through study and reflection because these two are conceptual and the actuality of the vajra points cannot be made a direct object of conceptions. Rather, this actuality is the object of what has the nature of the personally experienced direct perception that arises from meditation. Since this actuality is to be personally experienced and thus is inexpressible, it cannot arise right away on the basis of words. However, it still serves as the subject matter of this treatise because this text teaches the cognitions of study and reflection that represent the causes that accord with, and are the path to, attaining what is to be personally experienced. This is similar to expressing the city Pātaliputra when saying, "This is the way leading to Pāṭaliputra." The same is said in Uttaratantra V.16.
Sthirādhyāśayaparivartasūtra, D224, fol. 172b.2–3. VT (fol. 9v.2–3) glosses this passage as the Tathāgata’s being "unarisen and characterized by unconditioned wisdom."
The Kangyur has the title of this text as Sthirādhyāśayaparivartasūtra.
VT (fol. 9v.3) glosses "this actuality" as "the actuality of the dhātu," with "dhātu" referring to natural purity and "awakening," to the purity of being free from stains.
This is inserted in accordance with DP.
Though Edgerton 1953 and Takasaki 1966a take the term sattvadhātu to mean "mass of beings,"this makes no sense in the context of RGVV. Rather, as clearly explained throughout RGVV (particularly on I.48), the Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśaparivarta (see the next sentence in this quote as well as other passages from that sūtra on J40 and J41), and the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra (J6), sattvadhātu is an equivalent of tathāgatagarbha.
Taishō 668, 467a. YDC (243) comments on this quote as follows. "Object" and "sphereto meditative equipoise and subsequent attainment, respectively. As for "known, seen, or discriminated," according to Ngog Lotsāwa, this refers to the knowing during preparation, main practice, and conclusion or the knowing during the paths of preparation, seeing, and familiarization. According to Shang Chökyi Lama, this refers to the knowing through study, reflection, and meditation.
D45.48, fol. 269a.1–2.
J dharmakāyaḥ so ’yam avinirbhāgadharmā ’vinirmuktajñānaguṇo, DP chos kyi sku gang yin pa de ni ’di lta ste . . . de bzhin gshegs pa’i chos dag dang / rnam par dbyer med pa’i chos dang ldan pa ma bral ba’i ye shes kyi yon tan can yin no. Schmithausen 1971 suggests to understand the compound avinirmuktajñāna° as vinirmuktatvena jñānam yeṣām na bhavati ("with which knowing them to be divisible [from the dharmakāya] never happens"). The corresponding passage grol bas shes pa in the Śrīmālādevīsūtra (D45.48, fol. 272b.1) seems to support that (though it should read ma grol bas shes pa, which is instead found for the afflictions, which are actually realized as being divisible). Schmithausen also suggests a second possibility of reading this compound as vinirmuktaṃ jñānaṃ yeṣām na bhavati ("whose realization is not divisible [from the realization of the dharmakāya]"). I follow Schmithausen 1971 and Mathes 2008a in translating "qualities that cannot be realized as being divisible" (which corresponds to how the Śrīmālādevīsūtra uses this phrase). However, guṇa is here in the singular, which seems also how GC (24.15–17) understands it (though taking avinirmuktajñāna to mean "inseparable wisdom"). GC comments that the dharmakāya is endowed with inseparable attributes because they are of the same nature as buddha wisdom. Even at the time of being obscured by the afflictions, it possesses the quality of inseparable wisdom (or the feature of wisdom’s being inseparable from it). In brief since the tathāgata heart and its qualities have a connection of identity, the term "kāya" refers to "nature."
Taishō 668, 467a.
D185, fol. 187b.4–5.

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

buddhaśca dharmaśca gaṇaśca dhātu-

rbodhirguṇāḥ karma ca bauddhamantyam/

kṛtsnasya śāstrasya śarīrametat

samāsato vajrapadāni sapta//1//

vajropamasyādhigamārthasya padaṃ sthānamiti vajrapadam/ tatra śruticintāmayajñānaduṣprativedhādanabhilāpyasvabhāvaḥ pratyātmavedanīyo'rtho vajravadveditavyaḥ/ yānyakṣarāṇi tamarthamabhivadanti tatprāptyanukūlamārgābhidyotanatastāni tatpratiṣṭhābhūtatvāt padamityucyante/ iti duṣprativedhārthena pratiṣṭhārthena ca vajrapadatvamarthavyañjanayoranugantavyam/ tatra katamo'rthaḥ katamadvyañjanam/ artha ucyate saptaprakāro'dhigamārtho yaduta buddhārtho dharmārthaḥ saṃghārtho dhātvartho bodhyartho guṇārthaḥ karmārthaśca/ ayamucyate'rthaḥ/ yairakṣaraireṣa saptaprakāro'dhigamārthaḥ sūcyate prakāśyata idamucyate vyañjanam/ sa caiṣa vajrapadanirdeśo vistareṇa yathāsūtramanugantavyaḥ/

anidarśano hyānanda tathāgataḥ/ sa na śakyaścakṣuṣā draṣṭum/ anabhilāpyo hyānanda dharmaḥ/ sa na śakyaḥ karṇena śrotum/ asaṃskṛto hyānanda saṃghaḥ/ sa na śakyaḥ kāyena vā cittena vā paryupā situm/ itīmāni trīṇi vajrapadāni dṛḍhādhyāśayaparivartānusāreṇānugantavyāni/

tathāgataviṣayo hi śāriputrāyamarthastathāgatagocaraḥ/ sarvaśrāvakapratyekabuddhairapi tāvacchāriputrāyamartho na śakyaḥ samyak svaprajñayā xxx draṣṭuṃ vā pratyavekṣituṃ vā/ prāgeva bālapṛthagjanairanyatra tathāgataśraddhāgamanataḥ/ śraddhāgamanīyo hi śāriputra paramārthaḥ/ paramārtha iti śāriputra sattvadhātoretadadhivacanam/ sattvadhāturiti śāriputra tathāgatagarbhasyaitadadhivacanam/ tathāgatagarbha iti śāriputra dharmakāyasyaitadadhivacanam/ itīdaṃ caturthaṃ vajrapadamanūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśaparivartānusāreṇānugatavyam/

anuttarā samyaksaṃbodhiriti bhagavan nirvāṇadhātoretadadhivacanam/ nirvāṇadhāturiti bhagavan tathāgatadharmakāyasyaitadadhivacanam/ itīdaṃ pañcamaṃ vajrapadamāryaśrīmālāsūtrānusāreṇānugantavyam/

yo'yaṃ śāriputra tathāgatanirdiṣṭo dharmakāyaḥ so'yamavinirbhāgadharmā/ avinirmuktajñānaguṇo yaduta gaṅgānadīvālikāvyatikrāntaistathāgatadharmaiḥ/ itīdaṃ ṣaṣṭhaṃ vajrapadmanūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśānusāreṇānugantavyam/

na mañjuśrīstathāgataḥ kalpayati na vikalpayati/ athavāsyānābhogenākalpayato'vikalpayata iyamevaṃrūpā kriyā pravartate/ itīdaṃ saptamaṃ vajrapada tathāgataguṇajñānācintyaviṣayāvatāranirdeśānusāreṇānugantavyam/ itīmāni samāsataḥ sapta vajrapadāni sakalasyāsya śāstrasyoddeśamukhasaṃgrāhārthena śarīramiti veditavyam/

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

佛法及眾僧性道功德業略說此論體七種金剛句

此偈明何義言金剛者猶如金剛難可沮壞所證之義亦復如是故言金剛所言句者以此論句能與證義為根本故此明何義內身證法無言之體以聞思智難可證得猶如金

剛名字章句以能詮彼理中證智隨順正道能作根本故名為句此復何義有二義故何謂二義一難證義二者因義是名為義金剛字句應如是知又何謂為義何謂為字義者則有七種證義何謂七義一者佛義二者法義三者僧義四者眾生義五者菩提義六者功德義七者業義是名為義是故經言又第一義諦者所謂心緣尚不能知何況名字章句故所言字者隨以何等名字章句言語風聲能表能說能明能示此七種義是名為字是故經言又世諦者謂世間中所用之事名字章句言語所說故又此七種金剛句義如諸經中廣說應知應云何知依佛義故如來經中告阿難言阿難所言如來者非可見法是故眼識不能得見故依法義故如來經中告阿難言阿難所言法者非可說事以是故非耳識所聞故依僧義故如來經中告阿難言阿難所言僧者名為無為是故不可身心供養禮拜讚歎故依眾生義故如來經中告舍利弗言舍利弗言眾生者乃是諸佛如來境界一切聲聞辟支佛等以正智慧不能觀察眾生之義何況能證毛道凡夫於此義中唯信如來是故舍利弗隨如來信此眾生義舍利弗言眾生者即是第一義諦舍利弗言第一義諦者即是眾生界舍利弗言眾生界者即是如來藏舍利弗言如來藏者即是法身故依菩提義故經中說言世尊言阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者名涅槃界世尊言涅槃界者即是

法身故依功德義故如來經中告舍利弗言舍利弗如來所說法身義者過於恒沙不離不脫不思議佛法如來智慧功德舍利弗如世間燈明色及觸不離不脫又如摩尼寶珠明色形相不離不脫舍利弗法身之義亦復如是過於恒沙不離不脫不思議佛法如來智慧功德故依業義故如來經中告文殊師利言文殊師利如來不分別不分別無分別而自然無分別如所作業自然行故如是等名略說七種金剛字句總攝此論體相應知

I.2

འདི་དག་རང་མཚན་ཉིད་ཀྱི་རྗེས་འབྲེལ་བ། །
གོ་རིམས་ཇི་བཞིན་གཟུངས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་མདོར། །
གླེང་གཞི་ལས་ནི་གནས་གསུམ་རིག་བྱ་སྟེ། །
བཞི་ནི་བློ་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་ཆོས་དབྱེ་བ་ལས། །

In accordance with their specific characteristics
And in due order, the [first] three points of these [seven]
Should be understood from the introduction in the Dhāraṇirājasūtra
And the [latter] four from the distinction of the attributes of the intelligent and the victors.

French

स्वलक्षणेनानुगतानि चैषां
यथाक्रमं धारणिराजसूत्रे
निदानतस्त्रीणि पदानि विद्या-
च्चत्वारि धीमज्जिनधर्मभेदात्

七種相次第總持自在王
菩薩修多羅序分有三句
餘殘四句者在菩薩如來
智慧差別分應當如是知

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

In accordance with their specific characteristics {P76a}

And in due order, the [first] three points of these [seven]

Should be understood from the introduction in the Dhāraṇirājasūtra

And the [latter] four from the distinction of the attributes of the intelligent and the victors. I.2

Among these seven vajra points, in accordance with the discussion of their specific characteristics and in due order, the first three points should [also] be understood from the introductory section of the Āryadhāraṇīśvararājasūtra^[1] and the remaining four thereafter from [this sūtra’s sections on] the distinction of teaching the [various] attributes of bodhisattvas and tathāgatas.^[2] This [sūtra] says:

The Bhagavān has completely and perfectly awakened to the equality of all phenomena, has excellently turned the wheel of dharma, and was endowed with limitless very disciplined assemblies of disciples.^[3]

Through these three basic phrases, in due order, one should understand the presentation of [how] to arrive at the full knowledge of the successive arising of the three jewels. The remaining four points are to be understood as the instructions on accomplishing the causes that correspond to the arising of the three jewels.

Here, when dwelling on the eighth bhūmi of bodhisattvas, the [Buddha] attained mastery over all phenomena. {J4} Therefore, [the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra] says that he who went to the supreme heart of awakening is "the one who has completely and perfectly awakened to the equality of all phenomena." When dwelling on the ninth bhūmi of bodhisattvas, he was endowed with [the power of] proclaiming the supreme dharma,^[4] correctly knew the ways of thinking of all sentient beings, attained the highest perfection of [teaching in accordance with their] faculties, and was skilled in destroying the concatenations of the latent tendencies of the afflictions of all sentient beings.^[5] {D76a} Therefore, [this sūtra] says that he who has completely and perfectly awakened is "the one who has excellently turned the wheel of dharma." On the tenth bhūmi, immediately upon having received the empowerment of a crown prince of the supreme dharma of the Tathāgata, {P76b} his effortless buddha activity became [completely] unhindered. Therefore, [this sūtra] says that he who excellently turned the wheel of dharma is "the one who was endowed with limitless very disciplined assemblies of disciples." That he superbly guided limitless assemblies of disciples^[6] is also taught immediately after [the above passage in the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra] by the following passage:

. . . together with a great bhikṣu saṃgha . . . together with an immeasurable saṃgha of bodhisattvas.^[7]

Since [the Buddha] is the one who has superbly guided [disciples] in a progressive manner to the awakening of śrāvakas and the awakening of buddhas, [this sūtra says that he was together with] "those who are endowed with all these qualities."^[8]

Then, immediately after the discussion of the praiseworthy qualities of śrāvakas and bodhisattvas, one should know the presentation that discriminates the qualities of the jewel of the Buddha through [the passage about] the manifestation of a palace^[9] richly adorned with jewels, which is based on the inconceivable supreme samādhi^[10] of the Buddha, the gathering of the retinues of the Tathāgata, their arranging various kinds of offerings of divine substances, and their showering down clouds of praises.^[11]

Following that, one should know the presentation that discriminates the qualities of the jewel of the dharma through [the passage about] the splendid arrangement of the dharma throne, light [emerging from the Buddha’s forehead], and the proclamation of the names and the qualities of [various] specifications of the dharma.^[12]

Right after that, one should know the presentation that discriminates the qualities of the jewel of the saṃgha through [the passage about] the mutual display of the powers of the spheres that are the objects of the samādhis of bodhisattvas and the description of praising their various qualities.^[13]

Thereafter, {J5} again, [one should know] the presentation that discriminates the supreme qualities of these three jewels in their due order, which is to be regarded as the end of the introductory section [of the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra].^[14] [This is taught] by [Dhāraṇīśvararāja,] this oldest son of the supreme dharma king, becoming endowed with the highest fearlessness and self-confidence through [having received] the empowerment of the Buddha’s light rays. {D76b} {P77a} Based on this, he presents a praise of the ultimate [as embodied in] the true qualities of the Tathāgata and discusses the subject matters of the highest dharma of the mahāyāna. [Finally, the Buddha refers to the saṃgha by] describing [how] to attain the fruition of realizing the [mahāyāna dharma], which is the supreme mastery over [all] phenomena.^[15]

Next, after the introductory section of the sūtra, the buddha element is explained through a description of the sixty kinds of factors that purify its [natural] purity because it is [only] if the object to be purified is endowed with qualities that purifications of its purity are justified. Taking up this motive, [the Daśabhūmikasūtra] adduces the specific example of the purification [process] of gold [to illustrate the purification process of the buddha element] on the ten bhūmis of bodhisattvas.^[16] In this [Dhāraṇīśvararāja] sūtra here, following the description of [the thirty-two kinds of] the activity of the Tathāgata, the example of an impure beryl^[17] gem is used:

O son of noble family, take an expert jeweler who knows the procedure of refining gems very well. Having extracted unrefined precious gems from a jewel mine, he washes them in a caustic alkaline solution and then polishes them by cleansing them with a black-hair cloth. However, he does not cease his efforts at [having done] just that. Next, he washes them in caustic [acidic] food liquid^[18] and polishes them by cleansing them with a woolen towel.^[19] [Again,] however, he does not cease his efforts at [having done] just that. Next, he washes them in a great medicinal elixir^[20] and polishes them by cleansing them with a very fine cloth. Thus cleansed and freed from impure substances, [a refined beryl] is called "a noble beryl." {J6} Likewise, O son of noble family, the Tathāgata too, {P77b} upon perceiving the impure basic element of sentient beings, creates weariness in those sentient beings who delight in saṃsāra through his fear-provoking discourses on impermanence, suffering, identitylessness, and impurity, {D77a} thus making them enter the noble discipline of the dharma. However, the Tathāgata does not cease his efforts at [having done] just that. Next, he makes them realize the guiding principle of the tathāgatas through his discourses on emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness.^[21] [Again,] however, the Tathāgata does not cease his efforts at [having done] just that. Next, through his discourses on the dharma wheel of irreversibility,^[22] that is, his discourses on the complete purity of the three spheres,^[23] he makes sentient beings enter the domain of the tathāgatas. Those [sentient beings] with various causal natures [of entering this domain] who enter it all together and realize the true nature of a tathāgata are called "unsurpassable venerable ones."^[24]

Having in mind the pure disposition, the tathāgata element, it is said:

Just as within stony debris

Pure gold is not seen,

And then becomes visible through being purified,

Tathāgatas [become visible] in the world.^[25]

Now, what are those sixty kinds of factors of purifying the buddha element? They are the four kinds of ornaments of bodhisattvas,^[26] the eight kinds of illuminations of bodhisattvas,^[27] the sixteen kinds of the great compassion of bodhisattvas,^[28] and the thirty-two kinds of the activity of bodhisattvas.^[29]

After the discussion of that, [the sūtra] explains buddha awakening through teaching the sixteen kinds of the great compassion of great awakening.^[30] Following the discussion of that, the buddha qualities are explained through teaching the ten powers, the four fearlessnesses, and the eighteen unique qualities of a buddha.^[31] {P78a} After the discussion of that, buddha activity is explained through teaching the thirty-two kinds of the unsurpassable activity of a buddha.^[32] In this way, the seven vajra points should be understood in detail by way of discussing their specific characteristics according to the [Dhāraṇīśvararāja]sūtra. {D77b}

The actual title of this sūtra is Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśasasūtra.
The actual first chapter of this sūtra is called "Array of Ornaments" (rgyan bkod pa zhes bya ba ’dus pa’i le’u; D147, fols. 154a.1–179a.7). However, as we will see, what RGVV calls "introductory section"extends into the next section of the sūtra, which contains the discussion of the various attributes of bodhisattvas and buddhas, but is not marked as a separate chapter. According to GC (25.10–11) and RYC (6), the fourth vajra point (the basic element) is discussed in the section on the attributes of bodhisattvas, while the last three vajra points are found in the section on the attributes of a buddha.
D147, fol. 142a.4–5. The last phrase is translated in accordance with the sūtra and RGVV (DP), while the Sanskrit of RGVV has the compound anantaśiṣyagaṇasuvinītaḥ, which is to be read as a bahuvrīhi with the different meaning "[the Bhagavān by whom] limitless assemblies of disciples were superbly guided." The same phrase is quoted again in RGVV and is adapted in accordance with the sūtra. However, right thereafter, RGVV clearly explains the above compound to mean "[the Buddha] is the one who has superbly guided [disciples] in a progressive manner to the awakening of śrāvakas and the awakening of buddhas." Thus, the author of RGVV either had a different manuscript of the sūtra or interpreted this phrase differently.
This phrase is missing in MA, MB, and GC, but J adds the compound anuttaradharmabhāṇakatvasaṃpannaḥ in accordance with DP and C (which is further confirmed by the same phrase appearing in CMW, 437).
As attributes of the Buddha, this list is also found in the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fol. 142a.5.
As already mentioned, different from what the sūtra says, RGVV’s Sanskrit compound anantaśiṣyagaṇasuvinītatāṃ here is to be read as "the fact that limitless assemblies of disciples were superbly guided [by the Bhagavān]." This is also clear from RGVV’s explanation as to where the Buddha guided his disciples ("the awakening of śrāvakas and the awakening of buddhas").
Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, fol. 142a.6–142b.2.
Ibid., fol. 143a.1.
I follow °maṇḍalamāda° in MB and VT (fol. 9v5) against J °maṇḍalavyūha°.
Lit. "bull-like samādhi."
Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, fols. 143a.2–152a.2.
Ibid., fols. 152a.2–153b.6.
Ibid., fols. 153b.6–157a.6.
The actual first chapter of the sūtra ends after the preceding section (that is, fol. 157a.6).
Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, fols. 157a.6–159a.6. For the identification of these passages in the sūtra, see also CMW and Kano 2006, 605–8.
C, CMW (447–48), GC (30.9–14), and Ngog Lotsāwa’s commentary (Rngog lo tsā ba blo ldan shes rab 1993b, fol. 16b.2) all confirm that this example comes from the Daśabhūmikasūtra. The corresponding passage says: "O sons of the victors, it is as follows. For example, to whichever extent pure gold is heated in a fire by a skilled goldsmith, to that extent it becomes refined, pure, and pliable as he pleases. O sons of the victors, likewise, to the extent that bodhisattvas make offerings to the buddha bhagavāns, make efforts in maturing sentient beings, and are in a state of adopting these kinds of dharmas that purify the bhūmis, to that extent their roots of virtue that they dedicate to omniscience will become refined, pure, and pliable as they please" (for the Sanskrit, see Mathes 2008a, 505).
Skt. vaiḍūrya. Though this term is often rendered as "lapis lazuli"in translations, this is wrong. The Western name "beryl," chemical formula Be3Al2(SiO3)6, derives from Latin beryllus and Greek beryllos, which come from the Prakrit veruliya and the Sanskrit vaiḍūrya, which is of Dravidian origin and means "to become pale" (interestingly, the word "brilliance" also derives from beryllus). Originally, this term referred to "a precious blue-green color-of-sea-water stone" (usually some kind of aquamarine) but later became used for the mineral beryl in general. Pure beryl is colorless (which is very rare), but there are many varieties of different colors due to its being mixed with other minerals. Beryl crystals range from very small to several meters in size and many tons in weight. The main varieties are aquamarine (blue), emerald (green), golden beryl (pale yellow to brilliant gold), heliodor (green-yellow), Morganite (pink or rose-colored), and red beryl.
VT (fol. 9v5–6) glosses this as kāñjikādi (kāñjika means "sour gruel" or "water of boiled rice in a state of spontaneous fermentation").
VT (fol. 9v6) reads gaṇḍikā ("piece of wood"), which fits with the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra and C saying "a piece of wood covered with a cloth." However, VT gives tikṣṇarajaḥ ("acid dust") as its synonym.
Skt. mahābhaiṣajyarasa, which here seems to refer to mercury (in itself, rasa can also mean mercury, which is used as one of the most potent ingredients in āyurvedic and Tibetan medicine). As for the three cleansing liquids, Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra and DP agree with J on the last one. As for the first two, 'Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra has "alkali" and "caustic mercury,"while DP say "caustic salty water" and "caustic food liquid" (D mistakenly has zangs instead of zas). YDC (330) says that according to Ngog Lotsāwa and Chaba Chökyi Sengé, the three are "rock salt," "fish broth," and "mercury," while Patsab Lotsāwa speaks of "alkali," "the three fruits (chebulic, beleric, and emblic myrobalans)," and "sulfur." Glosses in RYC (17) say "alkali," "fish broth," and "mercury or a toxic liquid." Thus, this cleansing process here begins with an alkaline solution, continues with an acidic one, and ends with quicksilver.
These are the three doors to liberation taught extensively in the prajñāpāramitā sūtras—the nature of phenomena is emptiness, causes lack any signs or defining characteristics, and the appearance of results is not bound to expectations or wishes.
VT (fol. 9v6) glosses this as "the discourses of the mahāyāna."
Usually, this means to be free from the three notions of agent, object, and action. However, the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra (D147, fol. 177a.6–7) itself explains this purity of the three spheres as follows: "What is the termination of the three spheres? It is that [state] in which mind does not engage in the past, consciousness does not run after the future, and there is no mental engagement in what occurs at present. Since this is the nonabiding of mind, mentation, and consciousness, there is no conceiving of the past, no thinking about the future, and no discursiveness about what occurs at present." In effect, this means that all eight consciousnesses do not operate in this state ("mind" refers to the ālaya-consciousness, "mentation" to the afflicted mind, and "consciousness" to the six remaining consciousnesses). Naturally, mind’s not engaging in the three times as described is reminiscent of similar instructions in the Mahāmudrā tradition. GC (41.7–11) explains the purity of the three spheres according to Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra XII.11ab and its Bhāṣya, which comments that this purity is threefold in terms of that through which buddhas teach (speech and words), how they teach (in the form of instructions and so on), and those who are taught (those who understand through concise or through elaborate statements). Thus, GC says that this refers to the pure speech of those who explain the dharma (such as those who are renowned at Nālandā), the pure dharma to be explained, and the pure mind streams of the disciples.
Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fol. 215b.1–7. GC (41.11–24) explains "the dharma wheel of irreversibility" as follows. Since wisdom is irreversible on the eighth bhūmi, it is called "the bhūmi of irreversibility." This means that before that, some people become tired of sitting on a cushion and meditating, thus rising from their cushion as well as from their meditative equipoise. Thus, they do not have poised readiness for meditative equipoise. On the eighth bhūmi, bodhisattvas do not rise from their resting in meditative equipoise in the nature of nonarising. Therefore, it is referred to as "poised readiness for nonarising." Since it also means being irreversible from unarisen wisdom, the teachings that are primarily given on this bhūmi are called "irreversible." Since they are transferred into the mind streams of disciples, they are called a "wheel," which consists of the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra and the other sūtras belonging to this dharma wheel of irreversibility. Those to be guided directly by this dharma wheel are "sentient beings with various causal natures,"with "natures" referring to their dispositions. These sentient beings are the results arisen from different dispositions and thus possess them as their causes. This corresponds to the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra speaking of "those who have entered all yānas." The fruition of this dharma wheel is "to enter the domain of the tathāgatas"—suchness or the nature of phenomena. Thus, such bodhisattvas realize the true nature of a tathāgata, such as knowing the minds of sentient beings in terms of the true nature of these minds, and, upon having become buddhas, attain the arhathood of the unsurpassable yāna. Therefore, they are called "unsurpassable venerable ones" (see also n. 1183 on "irreversible bodhisattvas"). As for the three dharma wheels with respect to the example of cleansing a beryl, GC (42.25–43.2) says that the first one washes away the afflictions that arise from views about a self. The second one purifies coarse and subtle thoughts of clinging to (real) entities. The third one purifies what are called "the appearances of objects in the mind" because these are obstructions to seeing the tathāgata heart well. Note that GC (44.20–74.26; Mathes 2008a, 243–304) goes into great detail in establishing the superiority of the third dharma wheel in all respects. The Eighth Situpa, in his introduction to the table of contents of the Derge Kangyur (Chos kyi ’byung gnas 1988, 52–53), says that the three wheels of turning the dharma as presented in the Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchāsūtra are the wheel that speaks of revulsion toward saṃsāra, the wheel about the three doors to liberation, and the irreversible wheel. As for the rationale behind this division, according to the Uttaratantra (II.41 and II.57–59), those to be guided enter the path of peace (of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas) through first being exhorted by way of the teaching on developing revulsion toward their attachment to saṃsāra. Then, through speaking about emptiness, they are matured in the mahāyāna. Finally, through the contents of the irreversible wheel, they engage in the object of all tathāgatas and receive the great prophecy about their own awakening (on the eighth bhūmi). The Seventh Karmapa’s commentary on the Abhisamayālaṃkāra (Chos grags rgya mtsho n.d., 74–84) compares the three turnings in the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra and the three stages in the Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchāsūtra, concluding that the first and second stages match perfectly in terms of both their topics and recipients, while the third ones are not the same. For the wheel of irreversibility in the Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchāsūtra corresponds to the teachings on the tathāgata heart in general and the third phase explained in the Uttaratantra. The Eighth Karmapa’s commentary on the Abhisamayālaṃkāra (Mi bskyod rdo rje 2003, 1:32–35) agrees with this and elaborates as follows. "The wheel of prophecy"in the Uttaratantra is the dharma wheel that teaches that all sentient beings are endowed with the tathāgata heart. It is obvious that Maitreya coined this conventional terminology as a comment on the presentation in the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra. As for Maitreya’s third "wheel of prophecy" and Nāgārjuna’s third "wheel that puts an end to all views,"Karmapa Rangjung Dorje said that these two come down to the same essential point in a general way, in the sense that whatever is the final wheel must necessarily be the wheel that teaches freedom from reference points. However, more specifically, Nāgārjuna’s final "wheel that puts an end to all views" states nothing but sheer freedom from reference points, while Maitreya’s final "wheel of prophecy" explains that wisdom free from reference points is the distinctive feature of what is to be experienced by personally experienced wisdom. This is the only difference in terms of these two wheels not representing the same essential point. As for what is of expedient and definitive meaning in the three wheels in the Uttaratantra, the Eighth Karmapa quotes the great Kashmiri paṇḍita Ratnavajra as follows: "The wheel that introduces to the path of peace is the expedient meaning. The wheel of maturation is the wheel that is predominantly of definitive meaning and contains some parts of expedient meaning. The wheel of prophecy is the wheel of nothing but the definitive meaning." According to the Seventh Karmapa (Chos grags rgya mtsho n.d., 85), in themselves, the Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchāsūtra and the Uttaratantra do not explicitly make a distinction in terms of expedient and definitive meaning. However, Asaṅga’s RGVV (J76; D4025, fols. 113b.7–114a.4) states that Uttaratantra I.155, through saying that the buddha heart is empty of adventitious stains but not empty of being the buddha heart, teaches the unmistaken emptiness by virtue of its being free from the extremes of superimposition and denial. Thus, implicitly, these texts hold that statements about the buddha heart’s being empty (of itself) are of expedient meaning. Ngog Lotsāwa’s commentary on the Uttaratantra (Rngog lo tsā ba blo ldan shes rab 1993b, fols. 1b.2–2a.1) also connects the dharma wheel of irreversibility with the Uttaratantra, saying that the latter explains the true reality of the meaning of the mahāyāna—the intention of the sūtras of definitive meaning (the irreversible dharma wheel), which teach the dharmadhātu as the single principle. The other four Maitreya works, through explaining the meanings of the sūtras of expedient meaning, make beings into suitable vessels for this perfect dharma because they present seeming reality as well as the ultimate that is based on the thinking of others. For further details on the three turnings of the wheel of dharma, see Bu ston rin chen grub 1931, 2:45–56; Brunnhölzl 2004, 527–49; Brunnhölzl 2010, 23–28 and 213–15; and Brunnhölzl 2012a, 48–49).
CMW (448) says that this verse is from the Laṅkāvatārasūtra. However, this sūtra contains only a partly similar verse (X.751; translated from the Sanskrit):
The color of gold and the pure gold

In gravel become visible

Through cleansing it—so it is with the ālaya

In the skandhas of sentient beings.

The Tibetan version ends with "so it is with sentient beings in the skandhas." Note also that RGVV’s verse is in Prakrit, while there is no known Prakrit version of the Laṅkāvatārasūtra. The Ghanavyūhasūtra (D110, fol. 7b.1–3) also contains a verse that corresponds closely to the first three lines of the verse in question:
In pulverized stone,

Gold does not appear to exist.

Through specific cleansing activities,

The gold will appear.

GC (44.18–19) quotes this verse from the Ghanavyūhasūtra and identifies it as the basis of RGVV’s citation. The lines that follow this verse in that sūtra say that if one cleanses entities such as the skandhas, dhātus, and āyatanas, buddha does not exist as an entity. However, that does not mean that buddha is nonexistent—those endowed with yoga see the buddha possessing the thirty-two major marks. Another verse in the same sūtra (D110, fol. 13a.5) says:
The tathāgata heart

Abides like gold in stone.

Mentation arises from the ālaya,

And so does the mental consciousness.
These are discipline, samādhi, prajñā, and dhāraṇī (Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 159a.6–167b.1). In due order, VT (fol. 9v6–7) glosses them as not harming sentient beings, loving-kindness, inquisitiveness, and not lacking recollection. According to GC (75.18–19), these four are called "ornaments" because, just as people delight in ornaments adorning the body, one’s retinue takes delight when one possesses these four factors.
According to VT (fols. 9v7–10r2), these are the illuminations that consist of (1) mindfulness (not letting previously accomplished virtue be lost and striving for virtue not yet accomplished), (2) insight (into the meaning, not just letters), (3) realization (of all phenomena and the intentions of all sentient beings), (4) dharmas (mundane and supramundane dharmas), (5) wisdom (the characteristics of the wisdom of stream-enterers up through buddhas), (6) reality (through being in accordance with reality, being disciplined, and attaining all the fruitions such as stream-enterer), (7) the supernatural knowledges (the illumination of seeing due to beholding all forms through the divine eye and so on), and (8) practice (the illuminations of wisdom and prajñā through practice). The Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra (D147, fols. 167b.1–171a.1) explains the first seven of the eight illuminations as being eightfold and the eighth one as being ninefold. According to GC (76.10), they are called "illuminations" because the entire mahāyāna path is seen through them.
These are the ways in which bodhisattvas aspire to teach the dharma in order to eliminate sixteen sets of flaws of sentient beings, beginning with thinking, (1) "I will teach the dharma to sentient beings who are bound by the views about a real personality and are mixed up with various views, in order that they relinquish all their views." Furthermore, bodhisattvas aspire to teach the dharma to sentient beings who (2) entertain the fourfold mistakenness of taking what is impermanent to be permanent, suffering to be happiness, what is without a self to be a self, and what is repulsive to be beautiful, in order that these beings relinquish all these mistakennesses, (3) cling to "me" and what is mine and take nonentities to be entities, in order that these beings relinquish their clinging to "me" and what is mine, (4) are obscured by the five obscurations of being tormented by desire, having a lot of anger, being attached to dullness and sleep, having regrets about what is not genuine, and not having gained certainty about the profound dharma, in order that these beings relinquish all these obscurations, (5) are attached by way of the six āyatanas, that is, cling to the characteristics of forms, sounds, scents, tastes, tangible objects, and phenomena that they perceive through their six consciousnesses, in order that these beings relinquish such attachment, (6) entertain pride (feeling superior to inferior beings), excessive pride (feeling superior to one’s peers), overbearing pride (feeling superior to those who are superior to oneself), self-centered pride (claiming everything from form to consciousness as being the self—thinking, "I am all that makes up my existence"), showing-off pride (pride in qualities that one does not actually have), pri e of thinking less of oneself (saying, "I am so insignificant compared to those great beings" with the implication that one can never reach the greatness of one’s teachers but that one is quite important due to having such teachers), and perverted pride (pride about a wrong view’s being the correct view or pride about having something that is actually not a positive quality), in order that these beings relinquish all aspects of pride, (7) have entered bad paths and lack the path of the noble ones, in order that these beings relinquish bad paths and make them attain the path of the noble ones, (8) are the slaves of their craving, cling to wives and children, and, due to lacking self-control, cannot judge themselves, in order that these beings have self-control, are able to judge themselves, and are enabled to go where they like to, (9) are in discord with each other and have a lot of anger, hatred, and malice for each other, in order that these beings relinquish their anger, hatred, and malice, (10) are under the sway of evil companions, lack spiritual friends, and commit evil actions, in order that these being are taken care of by spiritual friends and abandon their evil companions, (11) are over- whelmed by attachment, are not content, and lack the prajñā of the noble ones, in order that these beings relinquish attachment and give rise to the prajñā of the noble ones, (12) regard any maturation of karma as nonexistent and dwell in views about permanence or extinction, in order to introduce these beings to profound dependent origination and the law of karma, (13) are blinded by ignorance and dullness and cling to a self, a sentient being, a life-force, a life-sustainer, an individual, and a person, in order that these beings purify the eye of the prajñā of the noble ones and relinquish all views, (14) delight in saṃsāra and are in the grip of the executioners of the five skandhas, in order to help them emerge from all three realms, (15) are bound by the fetters that are the nooses of the māras and who dwell in deceit and conceit, in order to liberate these beings from all these fetters and have them relinquish their deceit and conceit, and to (16) those for whom the door to nirvāṇa is closed while the door to the lower realms is open, in order to open the door to nirvāṇa and close the door to the lower realms. Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 171a.1–172b.4. VT (fol. 10r2–6) agrees with these explanations, providing them in abbreviated form.
On the basis of the sixteen kinds of great compassion, these thirty-two remedy thirty-two forms of improper states of mind or behaviors of beings. Both the sūtra and VT call them "the thirty-two unique activities of bodhisattvas." (1) Bodhisattvas see that sentient beings are asleep in the sleep of ignorance, while they themselves have awoken through prajñā, thus awakening sentient beings through prajñā. (2) Seeing that sentient beings aspire for what is small or inferior, while they aspire for what is vast, they make sentient beings embrace the mahāyāna. (3) Seeing that sentient beings wish for what is not the dharma, while they abide in the dharma, they establish them in wishing for the dharma. (4) Seeing that sentient beings engage in impure livelihood, while they have pure livelihood, they establish them in pure livelihood. (5) Seeing that sentient beings are drowning in wrong views, while they engage in the correct view, they establish them in the correct view of the noble ones. (6) Seeing that sentient beings are unaware and are immersed in improper mental engagement, while they dwell in proper mental engagement that accords with awareness, they establish them in such proper mental engagement. (7) Seeing that sentient beings abide in wrong dharmas, while they engage in the right dharma, they teach them the dharma in order to make them practice the right dharma. (8) Seeing that sentient beings are miserly and thus have a state of mind of clinging, while they give away all material things, they establish them in giving away all such things. (9) Seeing that sentient beings have bad discipline and do not abide by the vows, while they abide by correct discipline, they establish them in the vows of discipline. (10) Seeing that sentient beings have a lot of malice and anger, while they abide in the power of patience and in love, they establish them in the power of patience and in love. (11) Seeing that sentient beings are lazy and have little vigor, while they lack laziness and apply vigor, they establish them in applying vigor. (12) Seeing that sentient beings are distracted and weak in mindfulness, while they rest in meditative equipoise and cultivate samādhi, they establish them in nondistraction, mindfulness, and alertness. (13) Seeing that sentient beings possess corrupted prajñā and thus are inferior and dull, while they possess prajñā and lack dullness, they establish them in great prajñā and being free from dullness. (14) Seeing that sentient beings fall into what is not appropriate and commit improper actions, while they are endowed with skillful means and commit right actions, they establish them in skillful means and committing right actions. (15) Seeing that sentient beings are overwhelmed by their afflictions and engage in the sphere of imagination, conception, and ideation, while they have turned away from all afflictions, they establish them in relinquishing all afflictions. 16) Seeing that sentient beings are fettered by their views about a real personality and entertain reference points, while they understand the views about a real personality and are liberated from being fettered by reference points, they establish them in fully understanding the views about a real personality and being free from reference points. (17) Seeing that sentient beings are not disciplined, restrained, and refined, while they are disciplined and so on, they establish them in being disciplined and so on. (18) Seeing that sentient beings do not repay kindness, do not know that someone has been kind to them, and thus destroy their roots of virtue, while they repay kindness, know that someone has been kind to them, and thus guard their roots of virtue, they establish them in repaying kindness, knowing that someone has been kind to them, and not wasting their roots of virtue. (19) Seeing that sentient beings are under the sway of having fallen into the four rivers and desiring nonvirtue, while they are beyond all these rivers, they establish them in being beyond all these rivers (the four rivers are ignorance, views, becoming, and craving or birth, aging, sickness, and death). The first half of VT (10v2) "[establishing] those who have come through striking with weapons in going beyond all reference points" is strange and probably corrupt (hetyā praharaṇenāgatān sarvopalambhasamatikrame; Nakamura 1992 wants to read hetvāpraharaṇāgatān sarvopalambham abhikrame and translates this as "those who are going to give up the cause overcome all thoughts (which are) construed in their mind," which is not very helpful either). (20) Seeing that sentient beings do not heed and follow advice, while they do so, they establish them in doing so too. VT (10v2) says "[establishing] those who use bad language in using good language." (21) Seeing that sentient beings are ruined in many ways and cling to what is not genuine, while they are not ruined and dwell in the nectar of virtue, they establish them in nonclinging and dwelling in the roots of virtue. (22) Seeing that sentient beings are poor and lack the riches of the noble ones, while they possess the seven riches of the noble ones, they establish them in attaining these riches (the seven riches of the noble ones are confidence, discipline, study, giving, shame, embarrassment, and prajñā). (23) Seeing that sentient beings are always sick and seized by the venomous snakes of the four elements, while their health without any disease is unchanging, they establish them in relinquishing all sickness. (24) Seeing that sentient beings are engulfed in the darkness of ignorance and lack the light of wisdom, while they have attained the light of wisdom, they establish them in the great light of wisdom. (25) Seeing that sentient beings are attached to the three realms and enter the wheel of saṃsāra of the five kinds of beings, while knowing that they themselves are experts in fully understanding the three realms, they establish them in becoming such experts. (26) Seeing that sentient beings have entered the left-sided path and lack the right-sided path, while they dwell on the right-sided path, they establish them on the right-sided path (in India, the left hand is considered impure, so "left-handed" or "left-sided" generally refers to what is impure or wrong, while "right-sided" means pure or correct). (27) Seeing that sentient beings are attached to body and life-force and do not see their flaws, while they disregard body and life-force and see their flaws, they establish them in disregarding body and life-force and seeing their flaws. (28) Seeing that sentient beings are separated from the three jewels, while they abide in not interrupting the continuum of the disposition of the three jewels, they introduce them to not interrupting the continuum of the disposition of the three jewels. (29) Seeing that sentient beings deviate from the genuine dharma, while they fully embrace that dharma, they establish them in fully embracing the dharma. (30) Seeing that sentient beings are distant from the precious teacher and lack the six recollections, while they never let go of these recollections, they establish them in cultivating the six recollections (recollecting the Buddha, the dharma, the saṃgha, discipline, giving, and deities; for details, see Brunnhölzl 2011b, 104 and 270–72). (31) Seeing that sentient beings are obscured by the obscurations of karma and afflictions, while they are free from karma and afflictions, they establish them in such freedom. (32) Seeing that sentient beings are endowed with all nonvirtuous dharmas and have relinquished all virtuous dharmas, while they have relinquished all nonvirtuous dharmas and are endowed with all virtuous dharmas, they establish them in relinquishing all nonvirtuous dharmas and perfecting all virtuous dharmas. Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 172b.4–174b.6. Apart from the exceptions mentioned above, VT (fol. 10r6–10v4) agrees with these explanations, providing them in abbreviated form.
Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 175b.1–185a.6. For the contents of this sūtra passage, see CMW, 450–51.
Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 185a.6–215a.3. For these, see the text below and CMW, 451–52.
In the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, in terms of their respective functions, the ten powers, four fearlessnesses, and eighteen unique qualities are described as "buddha activities" and are numbered as such up to thirty-two. Thus, the sūtra does not contain a separate section on thirty-two kinds of buddha activity apart from this description of the functions of the ten powers, four fearlessnesses, and eighteen unique qualities. This section is followed by a further general discussion of buddha activity (D147, fols. 215a.3–217a.4), which includes the example of purifying a beryl. For further details and variations on the correspondences and the contents of the passages in RGVV about the qualities of the three jewels up through the thirty-two kinds of enlightened activity of buddhas as presented in the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, see CMW (435–52) and Rngog lo tsā ba blo ldan shes rab 1993b (fols. 9a.6–19a.1; translated in Kano 2006, 391–414), and GC (75.5–78.15; translated in Mathes 2008a, 304–11).

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

།འདི་དག་རང་མཚན་ཉིད་ཀྱི་རྗེས་འབྲེལ་བ། །གོ་རིམས་ཇི་བཞིན་གཟུངས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་མདོར། །གླེང་གཞི་ལས་ནི་གནས་གསུམ་རིག་བྱ་སྟེ། །བཞི་ནི་བློ་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་ཆོས་དབྱེ་བ་ལས། །རྡོ་རྗེའི་གནས་བདུན་པོ་འདི་དག་ལས་རང་གི་མཚན་ཉིད་བསྟན་པ་དང་། རྗེས་སུ་འབྲེལ་བ་ནི་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བར་འཕགས་པ་གཟུངས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་མདོར་གླེང་གཞིའི་ལེའུ་ལས་གནས་གསུམ་རིག་པར་བྱ་ལ། དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་ལྷག་མ་བཞི་ནི་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་དང་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱེ་བ་ལས་སོ། །དེ་ལས་ཇི་སྐད་དུ། བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་དུ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་པ། ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་ལེགས་པར་བསྐོར་བ། སློབ་མའི་ཚོགས་ཤིན་ཏུ་དུལ་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་པ་མངའ་བ་ཞེས་གསུངས་ཏེ། རྩ་བའི་ཚིག་འདི་གསུམ་གྱིས་ནི་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་བཞིན་དུ་དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་རིམ་གྱིས་སྐྱེ་བ་འགྲུབ་པ་རྣམ་པར་གཞག་པར་རིག་པར་བྱ་ལ། ལྷག་མ་གནས་བཞི་ནི་དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་འབྱུང་བ་དང་རྗེས་སུ་མཐུན་པའི་རྒྱུ་འགྲུབ་པ་བསྟན་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལ་གང་གི་ཕྱིར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ས་བརྒྱད་པ་ལ་གནས་པ་ན་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་དབང་ཐོབ་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དེའི་ཕྱིར་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག་ཏུ་གཤེགས་པ་དེ་ལ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་དུ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་པ་ཞེས་བྱའོ། །གང་གི་ཕྱིར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ས་དགུ་པ་ལ་གནས་པ་ནི། བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་སྨྲ་བ་ཉིད་དང་ལྡན་པ། སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་བསམ་པའི་ཚུལ་ལེགས་པར་ཤེས་པ་དང་། དབང་པོ་མཆོག་གི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་དང་། སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་བག་ཆགས་ཀྱི་མཚམས་སྦྱོར་བ་འཇོམས་པ་ལ་མཁས་པར་འགྱུར་བ།

དེའི་ཕྱིར་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་པ་དེ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་ལེགས་པར་བསྐོར་བ་ཞེས་བྱའོ། །གང་གི་ཕྱིར་ས་བཅུ་པ་ལ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ཏུ་དབང་བསྐུར་བ་ཐོབ་མ་ཐག་ཏུ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་ཅིང་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དེའི་ཕྱིར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་ལེགས་པར་བསྐོར་བ་དེའི་སློབ་མའི་ཚོགས་ཤིན་ཏུ་དུལ་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་པ་མངའ་བ་ཞེས་བྱའོ། །སློབ་མའི་ཚོགས་ཤིན་ཏུ་དུལ་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་པ་དེ་ཡང་དེ་མ་ཐག་ཏུ་དགེ་སློང་གི་དགེ་འདུན་ཆེན་པོ་དང་ཐབས་ཅིག་སྟེ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནས། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ཚོགས་གཞལ་དུ་མེད་པ་དང་ཐབས་ཅིག་གོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་བར་གྱི་གཞུང་འདིས་སྟོན་ཏེ། དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ལྡན་པ་དག་དང་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི། གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བར་ཉན་ཐོས་ཀྱི་བྱང་ཆུབ་དང་། སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བྱང་ཆུབ་ལ་ཤིན་ཏུ་དུལ་བའི་ཕྱིར་ན། དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ལྡན་པ་དག་དང་ངོ། །དེ་ནས་ཉན་ཐོས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ཡོན་ཏན་བསྔགས་པ་བསྟན་པའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་ལ། བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་ཁྱུ་མཆོག་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་བཀོད་པའི་འཁོར་གྱི་ཁྱམས་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་གྲུབ་པ་དང་། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་འཁོར་འདུས་པ་དང་། ལྷ་རྫས་ཀྱི་མཆོད་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་བསྒྲུབ་པ་དང་། བསྟོད་པའི་སྤྲིན་གྱི་ཆར་བབ་པས་སངས་རྒྱས་དཀོན་མཆོག་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་རྣམ་པར་དབྱེ་བ་རྣམ་པར་གཞག་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེའི་རྗེས་ལ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གདན་གྱི་བཀོད་པ་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་དང་། འོད་དང་། ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གྲངས་ཀྱི་མིང་དང་། ཡོན་ཏན་ཡོངས་སུ་བསྒྲགས་པས་ཆོས་དཀོན་མཆོག་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་རྣམ་པར་དབྱེ་བ་རྣམ་པར་གཞག་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེའི་རྗེས་ལ་ཕན་ཚུན་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་གྱི་སྤྱོད་ཡུལ་གྱི་མཐུ་བསྟན་པ་དང་། དེའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་བསྔགས་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་བསྟན་པས་དགེ་འདུན་དཀོན་མཆོག་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་རྣམ་པར་དབྱེ་བ་བསྟན་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེའི་རྗེས་ལ་ཡང་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འོད་ཟེར་གྱིས་དབང་བསྐུར་བས་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་སྲས་ཀྱི་ཐུ་བོ་ལ་མི་འཇིགས་པ་དང་། སྤོབས་

པ་མཆོག་ཉེ་བར་བསྒྲུབས་པ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡང་དག་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དོན་དམ་པའི་བསྟོད་པ་བསྟན་པ་དང་། ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཆོས་མཆོག་གི་གཏམ་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཉེ་བར་བཀོད་པ་དང་། དེ་རྟོགས་པར་བྱེད་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག་དམ་པ་ཐོབ་པར་བསྟན་པས་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བར་དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་པོ་དེ་རྣམས་ཉིད་ཀྱི་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་རྣམ་པར་དབྱེ་བ་རྣམ་པར་གཞག་པ་གླེང་གཞིའི་ལེའུའི་མཐའ་ཉིད་དུ་བལྟ་བར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ནས་མདོའི་གླེང་གཞིའི་ལེའུའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་སུ་དེ་ཡོངས་སུ་དག་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་ཡོངས་སུ་སྦྱོང་བ་རྣམ་པ་དྲུག་ཅུ་བསྟན་པས། སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཁམས་གསལ་བར་མཛད་དེ་ཡོངས་སུ་དག་པར་བྱ་བའི་དོན་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ལྡན་ན་དེ་ཡོངས་སུ་དག་པའི་ཡོངས་སུ་སྦྱོང་བ་འཐད་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །དོན་གྱི་དབང་འདི་ཉེ་བར་བཟུང་ནས་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ས་བཅུ་པོ་དག་ལ་ཡང་ས་ལེ་སྦྲམ་གྱི་ཡོངས་སུ་སྦྱོང་བ་དཔེར་བརྗོད་པ་དང་། མདོ་དེ་ཉིད་དུ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཕྲིན་ལས་བསྟན་པའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་ཉིད་དུ་མ་དག་པའི་ནོར་བུ་བཻ་ཌཱུརྱ་དཔེར་མཛད་དེ། རིགས་ཀྱི་བུ་དཔེར་ན་འདི་ལྟ་སྟེ། ནོར་བུ་མཁན་མཁས་པ་ནོར་བུ་སྦྱོང་བའི་ཚུལ་ལེགས་པར་ཤེས་པ་དེ་ནོར་བུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རིགས་ནས་ཡོངས་སུ་མ་དག་པའི་ནོར་བུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་བླངས་ཏེ། ལན་ཚྭའི་ཆུ་རྣོན་པོས་སྦངས་ནས་སྐྲའི་རེ་བའི་ཡོངས་སུ་སྦྱོང་བས་སྦྱོང་བར་བྱེད་དོ། །དེ་ཙམ་གྱིས་བརྩོན་པ་འདོར་བའང་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ། དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་ཟངས་ཀྱི་ཁུ་བ་རྣོན་པོས་སྦངས་ནས་བལ་གྱི་ལ་བའི་ཡོངས་སུ་སྦྱོང་བས་སྦྱོང་བར་བྱེད་དོ། །དེ་ཙམ་གྱིས་བརྩོན་པ་འདོར་བའང་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ། དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་སྨན་ཆེན་པོའི་ཁུ་བས་སྦངས་ནས་རས་སྲབ་མོའི་ཡོངས་སུ་སྦྱོང་བས་སྦྱོང་བར་བྱེད་དོ། །ཡོངས་སུ་བྱང་སྟེ་དྲི་མ་དང་བྲལ་བ་ནི་བཻ་ཌཱུརྱའི་རིགས་ཆེན་པོ་ཞེས་བརྗོད་དོ། །རིགས་ཀྱི་བུ་དེ་བཞིན་དུ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ཡང་ཡོངས་སུ་མ་དག་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་ཁམས་མཁྱེན་ནས། མི་རྟག་པ་དང་། སྡུག་བསྔལ་བ་དང་། བདག་མེད་པ་དང་། མི་གཙང་བའི་ཡིད་འབྱུང་བའི་གཏམ་གྱིས་འཁོར་བ་ལ་དགའ་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་སྐྱོ་བ་སྐྱེད་པར་མཛད་དེ།

འཕགས་པའི་ཆོས་འདུལ་བ་ལ་འཛུད་པར་མཛད་དོ། །དེ་ཙམ་གྱིས་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་བརྩོན་པ་འདོར་བ་ཡང་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ། དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་དང་། མཚན་མ་མེད་པ་དང་། སྨོན་པ་མེད་པའི་གཏམ་གྱིས་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཚུལ་རྟོགས་པར་མཛད་དོ། །དེ་ཙམ་གྱིས་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་བརྩོན་པ་འདོར་བ་ཡང་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ། དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་གཏམ་དང་འཁོར་གསུམ་ཡོངས་སུ་དག་པའི་གཏམ་གྱིས་རང་བཞིན་སྣ་ཚོགས་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་དེ་དག་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡུལ་ལ་འཇུག་པར་མཛད་དོ། །ཞུགས་པར་གྱུར་ཞིང་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཆོས་ཉིད་རྟོགས་པར་འགྱུར་ན་ནི། བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཡོན་གནས་ཞེས་བརྗོད་དོ། །ཡོངས་སུ་དག་པའི་རིགས་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཁམས་འདི་ཉིད་ལ་དགོངས་ནས། ཇི་ལྟར་རྡོ་ཡི་ཕྱེ་མ་ལ། །ས་ལེ་སྦྲམ་ནི་མི་མཐོང་ཞིང་། །ཡོངས་སུ་སྦྱངས་པས་དེ་མཐོང་བཞིན། །འཇིག་རྟེན་ལ་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། །དེ་ལ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཁམས་ཡོངས་སུ་དག་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཡོངས་སུ་སྦྱོང་བ་རྣམ་པ་དྲུག་ཅུ་པོ་དེ་དག་གང་ཞེ་ན། འདི་ལྟ་སྟེ། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་རྒྱན་རྣམ་པ་བཞི་དང་། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྣང་བ་རྣམ་པ་བརྒྱད་དང་། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་རྣམ་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་དང་། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ལས་རྣམ་པ་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས་སོ། །དེ་བསྟན་པའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་སུ་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྙིང་རྗེའི་རྣམ་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་བསྟན་པས་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བྱང་ཆུབ་གསལ་བར་མཛད་དོ། །དེ་བསྟན་པའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་སུ། སྟོབས་བཅུ་དང་། མི་འཇིགས་པ་བཞི་དང་། སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་མ་འདྲེས་པ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་བསྟན་པས་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་གསལ་བར་མཛད་དོ། །དེ་བསྟན་པའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་ལ། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཕྲིན་ལས་བླ་ན་མེད་པ་བསྟན་པས་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཕྲིན་ལས་རྣམ་པ་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས་གསལ་བར་མཛད་དོ། །དེ་ལྟར་རྡོ་རྗེའི་གནས་བདུན་པོ་འདི་དག་རང་གི་མཚན་ཉིད་བསྟན་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་རྒྱས་པར་ནི་མདོ་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་

བཞིན་དུ་རྟོགས་པར་བྱའོ།

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

svalakṣaṇenānugatāni caiṣāṃ

yathākramaṃ dhāraṇirājasūtre/

nidānatastrīṇi padāni vidyā-

ccatvāri dhīmajjinadharmabhedāt//2//

eṣāṃ ca saptānāṃ vajrapadānāṃ svalakṣaṇanirdeśena yathākramamāryadhāraṇīśvararājasūtranidānaparivartānugatāni trīṇi padāni veditavyāni/ tata ūrdhvamavaśiṣṭāni catvāri bodhisattvatathāgatadharmanirdeśabhedāditi/ tasmādyaduktam/

bhagavān sarvadharmasamatābhisaṃbuddhaḥ supravartitadharmacakro'nantaśiṣyagaṇasuvinīta iti/ ebhistribhirmūlapadairyathākramaṃ trayāṇāṃ ratnānāmanupūrvasamutpādasamudāgamavyavasthānaṃ veditavyam/ avaśiṣṭāni catvāri padāni triratnotpattyanurūpahetusamudāgamanirdeśo veditavyaḥ/ tatra yato'ṣṭamyāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau vartamānaḥ sarvadharmavaśitāprāpto bhavati tasmāt sa bodhimaṇḍavaragataḥ sarvadharmasamatābhisaṃbuddha ityucyate/ yato navamyāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau vartamāno'nuttaradharmabhāṇakatvasaṃpannaḥ sarvasattvāśayasuvidhijña indriyaparamapāramitāprāptaḥ sarvasattvakleśavāsanānusaṃdhisamudghātanakuśalo bhavati tasmāt so'bhisaṃbuddhabodhiḥ supravartitadharmacakra ityucyate/ yato daśamyāṃ bhūmāvanuttaratathāgatadharmayauvarājyābhiṣekaprāptyanantaramanābhogabuddhakāryāpratipraśrabdho bhavati tasmāt sa supravartitadharmacakro'nantaśiṣyagaṇasuvinīta ityucyate/ tāṃ punaranantaśiṣyagaṇasuvinītatāṃ tadanantaramanena granthena darśayati/ mahatā bhikṣusaṃghena sārdha yāvadaprameyeṇa ca bodhisattvagaṇena sārdhamiti/ yathākramaṃ śrāvakabodhau buddhabodhau ca suvinītatvādevaṃguṇa samanvāgatairiti/

tataḥ śrāvakabodhisattvaguṇavarṇanirdeśānantaramacintyabuddhasamādhivṛṣabhitāṃ pratītya vipularatnavyūhamaṇḍalavyūha nirvṛttitathāgatapariṣatsamāvartanavividhadivyadravyapūjāvidhānastutimeghābhisaṃpravarṣaṇato buddharatnaguṇavibhāgavyavasthānaṃ veditavyam/ tadanantaramudāradharmāsanavyūhaprabhādharmaparyāyanāmaguṇaparikīrtanato dharmaratnaguṇavibhāgavyavasthānaṃ veditavyam/ tadanantaramanyonyaṃ bodhisattvasamādhigocaraviṣayaprabhāva saṃdarśanatadvicitraguṇavarṇanirdeśataḥ saṃgharatnaguṇavibhāgavyavasthānaṃ veditavyam/ tadanantaraṃ punarapi buddharaśmyabhiṣekairanuttaradharmarājajyeṣṭhaputraparamavaiśāradyapratibhānopakaraṇatāṃ pratītya tathāgatabhūtaguṇaparamārthastutinirdeśataśca mahāyānaparamadharmakathāvastūpanyasanataśca tatpratipatteḥ paramadharmaiśvaryaphalaprāptisaṃdarśanataśca yathāsaṃkhyameṣāmeva trayāṇāṃ ratnānāmanuttaraguṇavibhāgavyavasthānaṃ nidānaparivartāvasānagatameva draṣṭavyam/

tataḥ sūtranidānaparivartānantaraṃ buddhadhātuḥ ṣaṣṭyākāratadviśuddhiguṇaparikarmanirdeśena paridīpitaḥ/ viśodhye'rthe guṇavati tadviśuddhiparikarmayogāt/ imaṃ cārthavaśamupādāya daśasu bodhisattvabhūmiṣu punarjātarūpaparikarmaviśeṣodāharaṇamudāhṛtam/ asminneva ca sūtre tathāgatakarmanirdeśānantaramaviṃśuddhavaiḍūryamaṇidṛṣṭāntaḥ kṛtaḥ/

tadyathā kulaputra kuśalo maṇikāro maṇiśuddhisuvidhijñaḥ/ sa maṇigotrādaparyavadāpitāni maṇiratnāni gṛhītvā tīkṣṇena khārodakenotkṣālya kṛṣṇena keśakambalaparyavadāpanena paryavadāpayati/ na ca tāvanmātreṇa vīrya praśrambhayati/ tataḥ paścāt tīkṣṇenāmiṣarasenotkṣālya khaṇḍikāparyavadāpanena paryavadāpayati/ na ca tāvanmātreṇa vīrya praśrambhayati/ tataḥ sa paścānmahābhaiṣajyarasenotkṣālya sūkṣmavastraparyavadāpanena paryavadāpayati/ paryavadāpitaṃ cāpagatakācama bhijātavaiḍūryamityucyate/ evameva kulaputra tathāgato'pyapariśuddhaṃ sattvadhātuṃ viditvānityaduḥkhānātmāśubhodvegakathayā saṃsārābhiratān sattvānudvejayati/ ārye ca dharmavinaye'vatārayati/ na ca tāvanmātreṇa vīrya praśrambhayati/ tataḥ paścācchūnyānimittapraṇihitakathayā tathāgatanetrīmavabodhayati/ na ca tāvanmātreṇa tathāgato vīryaṃ praśrambhayati/ tataḥ paścādavivartyadharmacakrakathayā trimaṇḍalapariśuddhikathayā ca tathāgataviṣaye tān sattvānavatārayati nānāprakṛtihetukān/ avatīrṇāśca samānāstathāgatadharmatāmadhigamyānuttarā dakṣiṇīyā ityucyanta iti/

etadeva viśuddhagotraṃ tathāgatadhātumabhisaṃdhāyoktam/

yathā pattharacuṇṇamhi jātarūpaṃ na dissati/

parikammena tad diṭṭhaṃ evaṃ loke tathāgatā iti//

tatra katame te buddhadhātoḥ ṣaṣṭyākāraviśuddhiparikarmaguṇāḥ/ tadyathā caturākāro bodhisattvālaṃkāraḥ/ aṣṭākāro bodhisattvāvabhāsaḥ/ ṣoḍaśākārī bodhisattvamahākaruṇā/ dvātriṃśadākāraṃ bodhisattvakarma/

tannirdeśānantaraṃ buddhabodhiḥ ṣoḍaśākāramahābodhikaruṇānirdeśena paridīpitā/ tannirdeśānantaraṃ buddhaguṇā daśabalacaturvaiśāradyaṣṭādaśāveṇikabuddhadharmanirdeśena paridīpitāḥ/ tannirdeśānantaraṃ buddhakarma dvātriṃśadākāra niruttaratathāgatakarmanirdeśena paridīpitam/ evamimāni sapta vajrapadāni svalakṣaṇanirdeśato vistareṇa yathāsūtramanugantavyāni/

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

是故偈言

七種相次第總持自在王菩薩修多羅序分有三句餘殘四句者在菩薩如來智慧差別分應當如是知

此偈明何義以是七種金剛字句總攝此論一切佛法廣說其相如陀羅尼自在王經序分中三句餘四句在彼修多羅菩薩如來法差別分應知云何序分有初三句彼修多羅序分中言婆伽婆平等證一切法善轉法輪善能教化調伏無量諸弟子眾如是三種根本字句次第示現佛法僧寶說彼三寶次第生起成就應知餘四句者說隨順三寶因成就三寶因應知此明何義以諸菩薩於八地中十自在為首具足得一切自在是故菩薩坐於道場勝妙之處於一切法中皆得自在是故經言婆伽婆平等證一切法故以諸菩薩住九地時於一切法中得為無上最大法師善知一切諸眾生心到一切眾生

根機第一彼岸能斷一切眾生煩惱習氣是故菩薩成大菩提是故經言善轉法輪故以諸菩薩於第十地中得住無上法王位後能於一切佛所作業自然而行常不休息是故經言善能教化調伏無量諸弟子眾故彼善能教化調伏無量諸弟子眾即彼經中次後示現是故經言與大比丘眾俱如是乃至復有無量菩薩眾俱如是次第善能教化聲聞位地及佛菩提善能調伏一切煩惱如是畢竟有無量功德又說聲聞菩薩諸功德已次說諸佛如來不可思議三昧境界又說諸佛如來三昧境界已次說無垢大寶莊嚴寶殿成就又說大寶莊嚴寶殿成就已次說大眾雲集種種供養讚歎如來雨種種衣雨種種華雨種種香如是等示現佛寶不思議事應知又復次說妙法莊嚴法座又說妙法莊嚴法座已次說法門名字及示現功德此明法寶功德差別應如又復次說諸菩薩摩訶薩迭共三昧行境界示現種種功德此明僧寶功德差別應知又復次說如來放大光明授諸菩薩摩訶薩太子法王位職又復次說與大無畏不怯弱辯才又復讚歎諸佛如來第一功德又復次說最上第一大乘之法示現如實修行彼大乘故於法中證果即彼三寶無上功德次第差別序分中義大都已竟應如是知已說自在王菩薩修多羅序分中三寶次說佛性義有六十種法清淨彼功德何以故以有彼清淨無量功德性為清淨彼性修六十種法為此義故十地經中數數說金

以為譬喻為清淨彼佛性義故又復即於此陀羅尼自在王經中說如來業已次說不清淨大毘琉璃摩尼寶喻是故經言善男子譬如善巧摩尼寶師善知清淨大摩尼寶向大摩尼寶性山中取未清淨諸摩尼寶既取彼寶以嚴灰洗嚴灰洗已然後復持黑頭髮衣以用揩磨不以為足勤未休息次以辛味飲食汁洗食汁洗已然後復持衣纏裹木以用揩磨不以為足勤未休息次後復以大藥汁洗藥汁洗已次後復更持細軟衣以用揩磨以細軟衣用揩磨已然後遠離銅鐵等鑛毘琉璃垢方得說言大琉璃寶善男子諸佛如來亦復如是善知不淨諸眾生性知已乃為說無常苦無我不淨為驚怖彼樂世眾生令厭世間入聲聞法中而佛如來不以為足勤未休息次為說空無相無願令彼眾生少解如來所說法輪而佛如來不以為足勤未休息次復為說不退法輪次說清淨波羅蜜行謂不見三事令眾生入如來境界如是依種種因依種種性入佛法中入法中已故名無上最大福田又復依此自性清淨如來性故經中偈言

譬如石鑛中真金不可見能清淨者見見佛亦如是向說佛性有六十種淨業功德何謂六十所謂四種菩薩莊嚴八種菩薩光明十六種菩薩摩訶薩大悲三十二種諸菩薩業

已說佛性義次說佛菩提有十六種無上菩提大慈悲心

已說佛菩提次說諸佛如來功德所謂十力四無所畏十八不共法

已說功德次說如來三十二種無上大業如是七種金剛句義彼修多羅廣說體相如是應知問

I.3

སངས་རྒྱས་ལས་ཆོས་ཆོས་ལས་འཕགས་པའི་ཚོགས། །
ཚོགས་ལས་སྙིང་པོ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཁམས་ཐོབ་མཐར། །
ཡེ་ཤེས་དེ་ཐོབ་བྱང་ཆུབ་མཆོག་ཐོབ་སོགས། །
སེམས་ཅན་ཀུན་དོན་བྱེད་ཆོས་རྣམས་དང་ལྡན། །

From the Buddha [comes] the dharma and from the dharma, the noble saṃgha.
Within the saṃgha, the [tathāgata] heart leads to the attainment of wisdom.
The attainment of that wisdom is the supreme awakening that is endowed with
The attributes such as the powers that promote the welfare of all sentient beings.

French

बुद्धाद्धर्मो धर्मतश्चार्यसंघः
संघे गर्भो ज्ञानधात्वाप्तिनिष्ठः।
तज्ज्ञानाप्तिश्चाग्रबोधिर्बलाद्यै-
र्धमैर्युक्ता सर्वसत्त्वार्थकृद्भिः

從佛次有法次法復有僧
僧次無礙性從性次有智
十力等功德為一切眾生
而作利益業有如是次第

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

What is the connection between these [seven points]? {J7}

From the Buddha [comes] the dharma and from the dharma, the noble saṃgha.

Within the saṃgha, the [tathāgata] heart leads to the attainment of wisdom.

The attainment of that wisdom is the supreme awakening that is endowed with

The attributes such as the powers that promote the welfare of all sentient beings. I.3

This describes the connection of [the seven vajra points in] the treatise.^[1]

The five chapter headings to follow in this translation of RGVV are inserted by the translator in accordance with the contents and the chapter indications in RGVV at the end of each chapter.

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

།འདི་དག་གི་འབྲེལ་པ་གང་ཞེ་ན། སངས་རྒྱས་ལས་ཆོས་ཆོས་ལས་འཕགས་པའི་ཚོགས། །ཚོགས་ལས་སྙིང་པོ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཁམས་ཐོབ་མཐར། །ཡེ་ཤེས་དེ་ཐོབ་བྱང་ཆུབ་མཆོག་ཐོབ་སོགས། །སེམས་ཅན་ཀུན་དོན་བྱེད་ཆོས་རྣམས་དད་ལྡན། །བསྟན་བཅོས་ཀྱི་འབྲེལ་པ་བཤད་ཟིན་ཏོ།

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

kaḥ punareṣāmanuśleṣaḥ/

buddhāddharmo dharmataścāryasaṃghaḥ

saṃghe garbho jñānadhātvāptiniṣṭhaḥ/

tajjñānāptiścāgrabodhirbalādyai-

rdhamairyuktā sarvasattvārthakṛdbhiḥ//3//

uktaḥ śāstrasaṃbandhaḥ/

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

曰此七種句有何次第答曰偈言

從佛次有法次法復有僧僧次無礙性從性次有智十力等功德為一切眾生而作利益業有如是次第

I.4

གང་ཞིག་ཐོག་མ་དབུས་མཐའ་མེད་ཞི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་རང་རྣམ་སངས་རྒྱས། །
སངས་རྒྱས་ནས་ནི་མ་རྟོགས་རྟོགས་ཕྱིར་འཇིག་མེད་རྟག་པའི་ལམ་སྟོན་པ། །
མཁྱེན་བརྩེའི་རལ་གྲི་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་བསྣམས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱུ་གུ་གཅོད་མཛད་ཅིང་། །
སྣ་ཚོགས་ལྟ་ཐིབས་ཀྱིས་བསྐོར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་རྩིག་པ་འཇིག་མཛད་དེ་ལ་འདུད། །

You awakened to peaceful buddhahood without beginning, middle, or end.
Upon your self-awakening, you taught the fearless everlasting path so that the unawakened may awake.
I pay homage to you who wield the supreme sword and vajra of wisdom and compassion, cut the sprouts of suffering to pieces,
And break through the wall of doubts concealed by the thicket of various views.

French

यो बुद्धत्वमनादिमध्यनिधनं शान्तं विबुद्धः स्वयं
बुद्ध्वा चाबुधबोधनार्थमभयं मार्गं दिदेश ध्रुवम्
तस्मै ज्ञानकृपासिवज्रवरधृग्दुःखङ्कुरैकच्छिदे
नानादृग्गहनोपगूढविमतिप्राकारभेत्त्रे नमः

佛體無前際及無中間際
亦復無後際寂靜自覺知
既自覺知已為欲令他知
是故為彼說無畏常恒道
佛能執持彼智慧慈悲刀
及妙金剛杵割截諸苦芽
摧碎諸見山覆藏顛倒意
及一切稠林故我今敬禮

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

[Now,] the meaning of these verses is to be explained. Those sentient beings who are guided by the Tathāgata, having taken refuge in the Tathāgata, also take refuge in the dharma and the saṃgha due to their openness that is the natural outflow of the nature of phenomena. Therefore, first [there is] a verse on the jewel of the Buddha.

You awakened to peaceful buddhahood without beginning, middle, or end.

Upon your self-awakening, you taught the fearless everlasting path so that the unawakened may awake.

I pay homage to you who wield the supreme sword and vajra of wisdom and compassion, cut the sprouts of suffering to pieces,

And break through the wall of doubts concealed by the thicket of various views. I.4

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

།ད་ནི་ཚིགས་སུ་བཅད་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་དོན་བརྗོད་པར་བྱ་སྟེ། སེམས་ཅན་གང་དག་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པས་བཏུལ་བ་དེ་དག་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ལ་སྐྱབས་སུ་འགྲོའོ། །ཆོས་ཉིད་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་མཐུན་པའི་དང་བས་ཆོས་དང་དགེ་འདུན་ལ་ཡང་སྐྱབས་སུ་འགྲོའོ། །དེས་ན་དེ་དང་པོ་ཉིད་ཡིན་པས་ན་སངས་རྒྱས་དཀོན་མཆོག་གི་དབང་དུ་བྱས་ཏེ། ཚིགས་སུ་བཅད་པ། གང་ཞིག་ཐོག་མ་དབུས་མཐའ་མེད་ཞི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་རང་རྣམ་སངས་རྒྱས། །སངས་རྒྱས་ནས་ནི་མ་རྟོགས་རྟོགས་ཕྱིར་འཇིག་མེད་རྟག་པའི་ལམ་སྟོན་པ། །མཁྱེན་བརྩེའི་རལ་གྲི་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་བསྣམས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱུ་གུ་གཅོད་མཛད་ཅིང་། །སྣ་ཚོགས་ལྟ་ཐིབས་ཀྱིས་བསྐོར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་རྩིག་པ་འཇིག་མཛད་དེ་ལ་འདུད།

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

idānīṃ ślokānāmartho vaktavyaḥ/ ye sattvāstathāgatena vinītāste tathāgataṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchanto dharmatāniṣyandābhiprasādena dharma ca saṃghaṃ ca śaraṇaṃ gacchanti/ atastatprathamato buddharatnamadhikṛtya ślokaḥ/

yo buddhatvamanādimadhyanidhanaṃ śāntaṃ vibuddhaḥ svayaṃ

buddhvā cābudhabodhanārthamabhayaṃ mārgaṃ dideśa dhruvam/

tasmai jñānakṛpāsivajravaradhṛgduḥkhaṅkuraikacchide

nānādṛggahanopagūḍhavimatiprākārabhettre namaḥ//4//

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

已說一品具攝此論法義體相次說七品具攝此論法義體相解釋偈義應知歸敬三寶者此明何義所有如來教化眾生彼諸眾生歸依於佛尊敬如來歸依於法尊敬如來歸依於僧依於三寶說十二偈初明佛寶故說四偈◎

究竟一乘寶性論卷第一

◎佛寶品第二

佛體無前際及無中間際亦復無後際寂靜自覺知既自覺知已為欲令他知是故為彼說無畏常恒道佛能執持彼智慧慈悲刀及妙金剛杵割截諸苦芽摧碎諸見山覆藏顛倒意

及一切稠林故我今敬禮

I.5

འདུས་མ་བྱས་ཤིང་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ། །
གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རྟོགས་མིན་པ། །
མཁྱེན་དང་བརྩེ་དང་ནུས་པར་ལྡན། །
དོན་གཉིས་ལྡན་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད། །

Being unconditioned, effortless,
Not being produced through other conditions,
And possessing wisdom, compassion, and power,
Buddhahood is endowed with the two welfares.

French

असंस्कृतमनाभोगमपरप्रत्ययोदितम्
बुद्धत्वं ज्ञानकारुण्यशक्त्युपेतं द्वयार्थवत्

無為體自然不依他而知
智悲及以力自他利具足

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

What is taught by this?

Being unconditioned, effortless,

Not being produced^[1] through other conditions,

And possessing wisdom, compassion, and power,

Buddhahood is endowed with the two welfares. I.5

This [verse] describes buddhahood in brief as consisting of eight qualities. What are these eight qualities? They are being unconditioned, effortless, an awakening not through other conditions, {P78b} wisdom, compassion, power,^[2] the fulfillment of one’s own welfare, and the fulfillment of the welfare of others.

DP 'rtogs. RGVV makes it clear that this means "awakened" or "realized" (the same goes for udaya in I.7a).
Often, the three qualities of wisdom, compassion, and power are presented as the three primary defining characteristics of a buddha.

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

།འདིས་ཅི་བསྟན་ཞེ་ན། འདུས་མ་བྱས་ཤིང་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ། །གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རྟོགས་མིན་པ། །མཁྱེན་དང་བརྩེ་དང་ནུས་པར་ལྡན། །དོན་གཉིས་ལྡན་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད། །འདིས་ནི་མདོར་བསྡུ་ན། ཡོན་ཏན་བརྒྱད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་བརྗོད་དོ། །ཡོན་ཏན་བརྒྱད་གང་ཞེ་ན། འདུས་མ་བྱས་པ་ཉིད་དང་། ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པ་དང་། གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པ་དང་། ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་། ནུས་པ་དང་། རང་གི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་དང་། གཞན་གྱི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའོ།

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

anena kiṃ darśayati/

asaṃskṛtamanābhogamaparapratyayoditam/

buddhatvaṃ jñānakāruṇyaśaktyupetaṃ dvayārthavat//5//

anena samāsato'ṣṭābhirguṇaiḥ saṃgṛhītaṃ buddhatvamudbhāvitam/ aṣṭau guṇāḥ katame/ asaṃskṛtatvamanābhogatāparapratyayābhisaṃbodhirjñānaṃ karuṇā śaktiḥ svārthasaṃpat parārthasaṃpaditi/

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

此偈示現何義偈言

無為體自然不依他而知智悲及以力自他利具足此偈略明佛寶所攝八種功德何等為八一者無為體二者自然三者不依他知四者智五者悲六者力七者自利益八者他利益

I.6

ཐོག་མ་དབུས་མཐའ་མེད་པ་ཡི། །
རང་བཞིན་ཡིན་ཕྱིར་འདུས་མ་བྱས། །
ཞི་བ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཅན་ཕྱིར། །
ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་ཅེས་བྱ་བར་བརྗོད། །

It is unconditioned because its nature
Is to be without beginning, middle, and end.
It is declared to be effortless
Because it possesses the peaceful dharma body.

French

अनादिमध्यनिधनप्रकृतत्वादसंस्कृतम्
शान्तधर्मशरीरत्वादनाभोगमिति स्मृतम्

非初非中後自性無為體
及法體寂靜故自然應知

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

It is unconditioned because its nature

Is to be without beginning, middle, and end.

It is declared to be effortless

Because it possesses the peaceful dharma body. ^[1] I.6

It is not produced through other conditions

Because it is to be realized personally. {D78a}

Thus, it is wisdom because it is threefold awakening.

It is compassion because it teaches the path. I.7

It is power because it overcomes suffering

And the afflictions through wisdom and compassion.

One’s own welfare is by virtue of the first three qualities

And the welfare of others by virtue of the latter three. I.8

Being "unconditioned" should be understood as the opposite of being conditioned. Here, what is called "conditioned" is that in which arising is perceived and abiding and ceasing are perceived too. Because of the lack of these [three characteristics], buddhahood is to be regarded as being without beginning, middle, and end and as consisting of the unconditioned dharmakāya. It is effortless because all reference points and conceptions are at peace.

It is not produced by other conditions because it is to be realized by self-arisen wisdom (here, udaya means "awakening" and not "arising").^[2] Even though it is unconditioned and has the characteristic of being inactive, from tathāgatahood all activities of the perfect Buddha unfold without effort in an unimpeded and uninterrupted manner until the end of saṃsāra. Thus, buddhahood, which is a truly amazing and inconceivable object, is completely and perfectly realized as being inexpressible in nature by [the Buddha] himself, [that is,] not after having heard [about it] from others, but through the self-arisen wisdom that is not caused by a master. Thereafter, in order to help awaken^[3] others, who have not awakened to such an awakening {P79a} and are blind by birth,^[4] [the Buddha] teaches them the path that leads to that [awakening].^[5] Therefore, one should understand that [the Buddha] is endowed with unsurpassable wisdom and compassion.

The fearlessness of the path is due to its being beyond the world. Its being beyond the world is due to its never turning back. In due order, the examples of a sword and a vajra elucidate that both the wisdom and compassion of the Tathāgata have the power to overcome the roots of the suffering and the afflictions of others. Here, in brief, the root of suffering consists of anything that comes about as [the five skandhas of] name and form within [any possible saṃsāric] existence. The root of the afflictions {D78b} consists of any views and doubts that are preceded by clinging to a real personality. Here, by virtue of its characteristic of coming forth, the suffering that consists of name and form is to be understood as being represented by a sprout. {J9} Since the power of both the wisdom and the compassion of the Tathāgata cuts through this [suffering], it should be known to be illustrated by the example of a sword. The afflictions to be relinquished through seeing, which consist of said views and doubts and are difficult to understand through mundane wisdom, are difficult to penetrate. Therefore, they resemble a wall concealed by a thick forest. Due to being what breaks through these [afflictions], the power of both the wisdom and the compassion of the Tathāgata should be understood to be illustrated by the example of a vajra.^[6]

The instruction on the detailed analysis of these six qualities of the Tathāgata as described should be known in this order according to the Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra. There it is said:

Mañjuśrī, [through this specification,] "what is without arising and without ceasing" {P79b} [should be understood to be a designation of] the Tathāgata Arhat, the completely perfect Buddha.^[7]

Through this, it is explained first that the Tathāgata has the characteristic of being unconditioned. Right after this, the Tathāgata’s being without arising and without ceasing [is illustrated] by nine examples, starting with the example of a reflection of Śakra^[8] on a ground of stainless beryl.^[9] With regard to the meaning [of this], [the sūtra] says:

Mañjuśrī, likewise, the Tathāgata Arhat, the completely perfect Buddha, does not move, does not reflect, is not discursive, does not think, and does not conceptualize. He is without thought, without conception, without reflection, without mental engagement, peaceful, without arising, and without ceasing. He cannot be seen, cannot be heard, cannot be smelled, cannot be tasted, and cannot be touched. {D79a} He is without characteristics, without cognizing, and without being cognizable.^[10]

Thus and further goes the [sūtra’s] discussion of different aspects of peacefulness.^[11] Through this, it is explained that the Tathāgata is effortless because in his own actions all discursiveness and conceptions are at peace. Then, the discussion of the [nine] examples in the following passage [of the sūtra] explains the completely perfect awakening of the Tathāgata without any other conditions with regard to the gateways to the completely perfect awakening to the suchness of all phenomena. At the end, after having taught the sixteen aspects of the awakening of the Tathāgata, [the sūtra] says the following:

Here, Mañjuśrī, once the Tathāgata has completely and perfectly awakened to all phenomena’s having such a nature and {P80a} has seen the dharmadhātu of sentient beings to be impure, not stainless, and blemished,^[12] {J10} his great compassion, which is called "playful mastery," unfolds for [all] sentient beings.^[13]

This states that the Tathāgata is endowed with unsurpassable wisdom and compassion. [In this passage,] "all phenomena’s having such a nature" [refers to phenomena] as they have been taught above as having the nature of the lack of entity.^[14]"Completely and perfectly awakened" [means] "realized by nonconceptual buddha wisdom that accords with reality." "Of sentient beings" [means] "of those who are categorized as the groups [whose disposition] is certain [in terms of what is correct], [whose disposition] is uncertain, and [whose disposition] is certain in terms of what is mistaken."^[15] "The dharmadhātu" [refers to their] tathāgata heart, which in essence is not different from the [Buddha’s] own true nature.^[16] "Has seen" [means] "having seen all the aspects [of this tathāgata heart in different beings] with the Buddha’s unobscured eyes." "Impure" [refers to the impurity] of ordinary naive beings due to their afflictive obscurations. "Not stainless" [refers to the impurity] of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas due to their cognitive obscurations. {D79b} "Blemished" [refers to the impurity] of bodhisattvas due to their remainders of either one of both of those [obscurations]. [The Buddha’s compassion is called] "playful mastery" because of having entered into various gateways of perfect means of guidance. That this "compassion unfolds for [all] sentient beings" is because [the Buddha], as being the one who possesses the awakening of having completely and perfectly awakened for the sake of all sentient beings due to [their] being equal [for him to himself], has the intention to [make them] attain the realization of [the Buddha’s] own true nature [that abides in them too]. Thereafter, due to the unfolding of unsurpassable wisdom and compassion, [the Buddha] engages in bringing about his turning of the wheel of the unequaled dharma in an uninterrupted manner. {P80b} This is to be understood as the power of both [wisdom and compassion] with regard to promoting the welfare of others.

Here, from among these six qualities of the Tathāgata, in due order, to be endowed with the first three' [qualities] (such as being unconditioned) represents the fulfillment of one’s own welfare, while [being endowed] with the latter three (such as wisdom) represents the fulfillment of the welfare of others. Or, [one can say that] it is [the quality of] wisdom that elucidates the fulfillment of one’s own welfare, which is due to its having the property of being the basis of the completely perfect self-awakening that is the supreme and eternal abode of peace. Compassion and power [indicate] the fulfillment of the welfare of others due to their having the property of being the basis of [the activity of] turning the wheel of the great unsurpassable dharma.

śāntadharmaśarīra.
I follow de Jong’s emendation of ’bhipretotpādaḥ to ’bhipreto notpādaḥ, which is also supported by DP ’dod kyi skye ba ni ma yin no.
MB avabodhāya against J anubodhāya.
MB jātyandhabhūtānām against J jātyandhānām.
I follow MB tadanugamamārga° (DP de rjes su rtogs pa’i lam) and VT (fol. 10v6) °vyapadeśa° against J tadanugāmimārgavyupadeśa.
VT (fol. 10v5) says that the sword of wisdom cuts through suffering, while the vajra of compassion breaks through the wall (of views and doubts).
D100, fol. 284b.3 (the insertions in "[ ]"stem from D100).
This is another name of the god Indra.
'Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, fol. 280a.2–4. Note that, in the sūtra, this passage precedes the former one.
Ibid., fol. 280a.4–6.
J upaśamaprabhedapradeśa (DP nye bar zhi ba’i tshig gi rab tu dbye ba). According to Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, the difference between śama and upaśama is that the realization of phenomena’s not really existing results in the mind’s being free from clinging to them.
J aśuddham avimalaṃ sāṅganam (DP ma dag pa dri ma dang bral ba skyon dang bcas pa). However, the Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra (D100, fol. 298a.7) has "pure, stainless, and unafflicted" (dag pa dri ma med pa nyon mongs pa med pa), which is confirmed and explained several times with regard to a number of phenomena right before that passage.
Ibid., fol. 298a.6–7. In D100 this sentence reads, "Here, Mañjuśrī, [in] the Tathāgata, who has completely and perfectly realized all phenomena to be like that and has seen the basic element of sentient beings, great compassion, which is called "playful mastery,"arises for sentient beings because sentient beings are [ultimately] pure, stainless, and undefiled."
With Takasaki, J abhāvasvabhāvāt is emended to abhāvasvabhāvān.
See the text below (J29.1ff.) for an explanation of which sentient beings belong to which of these three groups.
I follow MB °nirviśiṣṭaṃ tathāgatagarbham against J °nirviśiṣṭatathāgatagarbham.

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

།ཐོག་མ་དབུས་མཐའ་མེད་པ་ཡི། །རང་བཞིན་ཡིན་ཕྱིར་འདུས་མ་བྱས། །ཞི་བ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཅན་ཕྱིར། །ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་ཅེས་བྱ་བར་བརྗོད། །སོ་སོ་རང་གིས་རྟོགས་བྱའི་ཕྱིར། །གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རྟོགས་མིན་པ། །དེ་ལྟར་རྣམ་གསུམ་རྟོགས་ཕྱིར་མཁྱེན། །ལམ་སྟོན་ཕྱིར་ན་ཐུགས་བརྩེ་བ། །ནུས་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཡིས། །སྡུག་

བསྔལ་ཉོན་མོངས་སྤོང་ཕྱིར་རོ། །དང་པོ་གསུམ་གྱིས་རང་དོན་ཏེ། །ཕྱི་མ་གསུམ་གྱིས་གཞན་དོན་ཡིན། །འདུས་མ་བྱས་ནི་འདུས་བྱས་ལས་བཟློག་པར་ཤེས་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལ་འདུས་བྱས་ནི་གང་ལ་སྐྱེ་བ་ཡང་རབ་ཏུ་ཤེས་ཤིང་། གནས་པ་དང་འཇིག་པ་ཡང་རབ་ཏུ་ཤེས་པ་ནི་འདུས་བྱས་ཞེས་བརྗོད་ལ། དེ་མེད་པའི་ཕྱིར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་ཐོག་མ་དང་དབུས་དང་ཐ་མ་མེད་པ་འདུས་མ་བྱས་པ། ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུས་རབ་ཏུ་ཕྱེ་བར་བལྟ་བར་བྱའོ། །སྤྲོས་པ་དང་རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བའི་ཕྱིར་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པའོ། །རང་བྱུང་གི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར། གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱ་བ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཨོ་ཏ་ཡ་ནི་འདིར་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པ་ལ་འདོད་ཀྱི་སྐྱེ་བ་ལ་ནི་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེ་ལྟར་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱིར་འདུས་མ་བྱས་ཤིང་འཇུག་པ་མེད་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་ལས་ཀྱང་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་འཁོར་བ་ཇི་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཐར་ཐུག་པར་ཐོགས་པ་མེད་ཅིང་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པར་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་གོ། །དེ་ལྟར་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྨད་དུ་བྱུང་ཞིང་བསམ་དུ་མེད་པའི་ཡུལ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་དེ་གཞན་ལས་མ་ཐོས་པར་རང་ཉིད་དེ་སློབ་དཔོན་མེད་པར་རང་བྱུང་གི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་བརྗོད་དུ་མེད་པའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཏེ། དེ་རྗེས་སུ་རྟོགས་པ་དང་མི་ལྡན་པ་དམུས་ལོང་དུ་གྱུར་པ་གཞན་དག་ཀྱང་རྟོགས་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་རྗེས་སུ་རྟོགས་པའི་ལམ་སྟོན་པར་མཛད་པའི་ཕྱིར་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད་དུ་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །འཇིགས་པ་མེད་པའི་ལམ་ནི་འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པའི་ཕྱིར་ལ། འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཡང་ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །རལ་གྲི་དང་རྡོ་རྗེའི་དཔེས་ནི་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བར་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་འདི་གཉིས་ཉིད་གཞན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་རྩ་བ་འཇོམས་པར་ནུས་པར་བསྟན་ཏོ། །དེ་ལ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྩ་བ་ནི་མདོར་ན་གང་ཅི་ཡང་རུང་སྲིད་པ་རྣམས་སུ་མིང་དང་གཟུགས་མངོན་པར་གྲུབ་པའོ། །ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་རྩ་བ་ནི་གང་ཅི་ཡང་རུང་བ་འཇིག་

ཚོགས་ལ་མངོན་པར་ཞེན་པ་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་ལྟ་བ་དང་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མོ། །དེ་ལ་མིང་དང་གཟུགས་ཀྱིས་བསྡུས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་མངོན་པར་གྲུབ་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་གྱིས་ནི་མྱུ་གུ་ལྟ་བུར་ཤེས་པར་བྱ་ལ། དེ་གཅོད་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནུས་པ་རལ་གྲིའི་དཔེས་བསྟན་ཏོ། །ལྟ་བ་དང་ཐེ་ཚོམ་གྱིས་བསྡུས་པ་མཐོང་བས་སྤང་བར་བྱ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ནི་འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་རྟོགས་པས་ཤེས་པར་དཀའ་བ་དང་། ཕིགས་པར་དཀའ་བའི་ཕྱིར་ན། ནགས་ཐིབས་པོས་བསྐོར་བའི་རྩིག་པ་དང་འདྲ་བ་དེ་འཇིག་པར་བྱེད་པ་སྟེ་འཇིག་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་དག་རྡོ་རྗེའི་དཔེ་དང་མཐུན་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལྟར་ན་ཇི་སྐད་བསྟན་པའི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དྲུག་པོ་འདི་རྣམས་གོ་རིམས་འདི་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་རྒྱས་པར་རྣམ་པར་དབྱེ་བ་བསྟན་པ་ནི། སངས་རྒྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྣང་བ་རྒྱན་གྱི་མདོའི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲངས་ནས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལས་ཇི་སྐད་དུ། འཇམ་དཔལ་སྐྱེ་བ་མེད་ཅིང་འགག་པ་མེད་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་འདི་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཚིག་བླ་དགས་ཏེ་ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་སྟེ། འདིས་ནི་རེ་ཞིག་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་འདུས་མ་བྱས་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་དོ་ཞེས་བསྟན་ཏོ། །གང་དེའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་ཉིད་ལ་བཻ་ཌཱུརྱའི་ས་གཞི་དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་གྱི་གཟུགས་བརྙན་གྱི་དཔེ་ཐོག་མར་བྱས་ཏེ། ཇི་སྲིད་དུ་དཔེ་དགུས་དོན་འདི་ཉིད་ཀྱི་དབང་དུ་བྱས་ནས་གསུངས་པ། འཇམ་དཔལ་དེ་བཞིན་དུ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱང་གཡོ་བར་མི་མཛད། སེམས་པར་མི་མཛད། སྤྲོ་བར་མི་མཛད། རྟོག་པར་མི་མཛད། རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པར་མི་མཛད་ཅིང་། རྟོག་པ་མེད་པ། རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་མེད་པ། སེམས་པ་མེད་པ། ཡིད་ལ་བྱེད་པ་མེད་པ། བསིལ་བར་གྱུར་པ། སྐྱེ་བ་མེད་པ། འགག་པ་མེད་པ། བལྟར་མེད་པ། མཉན་དུ་མེད་པ། བསྣམ་དུ་མེད་པ། མྱང་དུ་མེད་པ། རེག་ཏུ་

མེད་པ། མཚན་མ་མེད་པ། རྣམ་པར་རིག་པ་མེད་པ། རྣམ་པར་རིག་པར་བྱ་བ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཞེས་གསུངས་ཏེ། དེ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ནི་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བའི་ཚིག་གི་རབ་ཏུ་དབྱེ་བ་བསྟན་པའོ། །འདིས་ནི་རང་གི་མཛད་པ་དག་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་དང་། སྤྲོས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཞི་བའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པ་ཉིད་བསྟན་ཏོ། །དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་གཞུང་ལྷག་མ་ལས་དཔེ་བསྟན་པས་ནི། ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་པའི་སྒོ་ལ། གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཉིད་བསྟན་ཏོ། །གང་ཡང་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་རྣམ་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་བསྟན་ནས། མཐར་འདི་སྐད་དུ། འཇམ་དཔལ་དེ་ལ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སྟེ། སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་ཡང་མ་དག་པ། དྲི་མ་དང་བྲལ་བ། སྐྱོན་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་གཟིགས་ནས་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་རྣམ་པར་བརྩེ་བ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་གོ། །ཞེས་གསུངས་ཏེ། འདིས་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད་བརྗོད་དོ། །དེ་ལ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་བཞིན་དུ་བསྟན་པ་དངོས་པོ་མེད་པའི་ངོ་བོ་ཉིད་དུའོ། །མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སྟེ། ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་ཡང་དག་པ་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་བཞིན་དུ་རྣམ་པར་མི་རྟོག་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་མཁྱེན་ནས་སོ། །སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི། ངེས་པ་དང་། མ་ངེས་པ་དང་། ལོག་པ་ཉིད་དུ་ངེས་པའི་ཕུང་པོར་གནས་པ་རྣམས་ལའོ། །ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི། རང་གི་ཆོས་ཉིད་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་དང་ཁྱད་པར་མེད་པ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོའོ། །གཟིགས་ནས་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་རྣམ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྤྱན་སྒྲིབ་པ་མེད་པས་གཟིགས་ནས་སོ། །བྱིས་པ་སོ་སོའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་སྒྲིབ་པས་མ་དག་པའོ། །ཉན་ཐོས་དང་རང་སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་ཤེས་བྱའི་སྒྲིབ་པས་དྲི་མ་

དང་མ་བྲལ་བའོ། །བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་དེ་གཉི་ག་གང་ཡང་རུང་བའི་ལྷག་མས་སྐྱོན་དང་བཅས་པའོ། །རྣམ་པར་བརྩེ་བ་ནི་གདུལ་བྱའི་ཐབས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་སྣ་ཚོགས་པ་གྲུབ་པ་ལ་ཞུགས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་པ་ནི། མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་དུ་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་དུ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་པས་ན་རང་གི་ཆོས་ཉིད་རྟོགས་པ་ཐོབ་པར་དགོངས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེའི་རབ་ཏུ་ཞུགས་པ་ལས་མཚུངས་པ་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་རབ་ཏུ་བསྐོར་བ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་མངོན་པར་སྒྲུབ་པའི་སྦྱོར་བ་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་འདི་ནི་དེ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་བྱེད་པར་ནུས་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དྲུག་པོ་དེ་དག་ཉིད་ལས་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བར་འདུས་མ་བྱས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་དང་པོ་གསུམ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ནི་རང་གི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ཡིན་ལ། ཡེ་ཤེས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལྷག་མ་གསུམ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ནི་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའོ། །ཡང་ན་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་ནི་མཆོག་ཏུ་རྟག་པ་དང་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བའི་གནས་རང་མངོན་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་པ་ལ་གནས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱིས་ན་རང་གི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་བསྟན་པ་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་ནུས་པ་དག་གིས་ནི་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་ཆེན་པོ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱིས་ན་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་བསྟན་ཏོ།

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

anādimadhyanidhanaprakṛtatvādasaṃskṛtam/

śāntadharmaśarīratvādanābhogamiti smṛtam//6//

pratyātmamadhigamyatvādaparapratyayodayam/

jñānamevaṃ tridhā bodhāt karuṇā mārgadeśanāt//7//

śaktirjñānakṛpābhyāṃ tu duḥkhakleśanibarhaṇāt/

tribhirādyairguṇaiḥ svārthaḥ parārthaḥ paścimaistribhiḥ//8//

saṃskṛtaviparyayeṇāsaṃskṛtaṃ veditayvam/ tatra saṃskṛtamucyate yasyotpādo'pi prajñāyatesthitirapi bhaṅgo'pi prajñāyate/ tadabhāvādbuddhatvamanādimadhyanidhanamasaṃskṛtadharmakāya prabhāvitaṃ draṣṭavyam/ sarvaprapañcavikalpopaśāntatvādanābhogam/ svayaṃbhūjñānādhigamyatvādaparapratyayodayam/ udayo'trābhisaṃbodho'bhipretotpādaḥ/ ityasaṃskṛtādapravṛttilakṣaṇādapi tathāgatatvādanābhogataḥ sarvasaṃbuddhakṛtyamā saṃsārakoṭeranuparatamanupacchinnaṃ pravartate/

ityevamatyadbhutācintyaviṣayaṃ buddhatvamaśrutvā parataḥ svayamanācāryakeṇa svayaṃbhūjñānena nirabhilāpyasvabhāvatāmabhisaṃbudhya tadanubodhaṃ pratyabudhānāmapi jātyandhānāṃ pareṣāmanubodhāya tadanugāmimārgavyupadeśakaraṇādanuttarajñānakaruṇānvitatvaṃ veditavyam/ mārgasyābhayatvaṃ lokottaratvāt/ lokottaratvamapunarāvṛttitaśca/ yathākramaṃ paraduḥkhakleśamūlasamudghātaṃ pratyanayoreva tathāgatajñānakaruṇayoḥ śaktirasivajradṛṣṭāntena paridīpitā/ tatra duḥkhamūlaṃ samāsato yā kacidbhaveṣu nāmarūpābhinirvṛttiḥ/ kleśamūlaṃ ya kācitsatkāyābhiniveśapūrvikā dṛṣṭirvicikitsā ca/ tatra nāmarūpasaṃgṛhītaṃ duḥkhamabhinirvṛttilakṣaṇatvādaṅkurasthānīyaṃ veditavyam/ tacchettṛtve tathāgatajñānakaruṇāyoḥ śaktirasidṛṣṭantenopamitā veditavyā/ dṛṣṭivicikitsāsamgṛhīto darśanamārgapraheyaḥ/ kleśo laukikajñānaduravagāho durbhedaṃtvādvanagahanopagūḍhaprākārasadṛśaḥ/ tadbhettṛtvāt tathāgatajñānakaruṇayoḥ śaktirvajradṛṣṭāntenopamitā veditavyā/

ityete yathāddiṣṭāḥ ṣaṭ tathāgataguṇā vistaravibhāganirdeśato'nayaivānupūrvyā sarvabuddhaviṣayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtrānusāreṇānugantavyāḥ/ tatra yaduktamanutpādo'nirodha iti mañjuśrīstathāgato'rhan samyaksaṃbuddha eṣa ityanena tāvadasaṃskṛtalakṣaṇastathāgata iti paridīpitam/ yatpunaranantaraṃ vimalavaiḍūryapṛthivīśakrapratibimbodāharaṇamādiṃ kṛtvā yāvannavabhirudāharaṇairetamevānutpādānirodhatathāgatārthamadhikṛtyāha/ evameva mañjuśrīstathāgato'rhan samyaksaṃbuddho neñjate na viṭhapati na prapañcayati na kalpayati na vikalpayati/ akalpo'vikalpo'citto'manasikāraḥ śītibhūto'nutpādo'nirodho'dṛṣṭo'śruto'nāghrāto'nāsvādito'spṛṣṭo'nimitto'vijñaptiko'vijñapanīya ityevamādirupaśamaprabhedapradeśanirdeśaḥ/ anena svakriyāsu sarvaprapañcavikalpopaśāntatvādanābhogastathāgata iti paridīpitam/ tata ūrdhvamudāharaṇanirdeśādavaśiṣṭena granthena sarvadharmadharmatathatābhisaṃbodhamukheṣvaparapratyayābhisaṃbodhastathāgatasya paridīpitaḥ/ yatpunarante ṣoḍaśākārāṃ tathāgatabodhiṃ nirdiśyaivamāha/ tatra mañjuśrīstathāgatasyaivaṃrūpān sarvadharmānabhisaṃbudhya sattvānāṃ ca dharmadhātuṃ vyavalokyāśuddhamavimalaṃ sāṅganaṃ vikrīḍitā nāma sattveṣu mahākaruṇā pravartata iti/ anena tathāgatasyānuttarajñānakaruṇānvitatvamudbhāvitam/ tatraivaṃrūpān sarvadharmāniti yathāpūrva nirdiṣṭānabhāvasvabhāvāt/ abhisaṃbudhyeti yathābhūtamavikalpabuddhajñānena jñātvā/ sattvānāmiti niyatāniyatamithyāniyatarāśivyavaśitānām/ dharmadhātumiti svadharmatāprakṛtinirviśiṣṭattathāgatagarbham/ vyavalokyeti sarvākāramanāvaraṇena buddhacakṣuṣā dṛṣṭvā/ aśuddhaṃ kleśāvaraṇena bālapṛthagjanānām/ avimalaṃ jñeyāvaraṇena śrāvakapratyekabuddhānām/ sāṅganaṃ tadubhayānyatamaviśiṣṭatayā bodhisattvānām/ vikrīḍitā vividhā saṃpannavinayopāyamukheṣu supraviṣṭatvāt/ sattveṣu mahākaruṇā pravartata iti samatayā sarvasattvanimittamabhisaṃbuddhabodheḥ svadharmatādhigamasaṃprāpaṇāśayatvāt/ yadita ūrdhvamanuttarajñānakaruṇāpravṛtterasamadharmacakrapravartanābhinirhāraprayogāśraṃsanamiyamanayoḥ parārthakaraṇe śaktirveditavyā/ tatraiṣāmeva yathākramaṃ ṣaṇṇāṃ tathāgataguṇānāmādyaistribhirasaṃskṛtādibhiryogaḥ svārthasaṃpat/ tribhiravaśiṣṭairjñānādibhiḥ parārthasaṃpat/ api khalu jñānena paramanityopaśāntipadasvābhisaṃbodhisthānaguṇāt svārthasaṃpat paridīpitā/ karuṇāśaktibhyāmanuttaramahādharmacakrapravṛttisthānaguṇāt parārthasaṃpaditi/

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

偈言

非初非中後自性無為體及法體寂靜故自然應知唯內身自證故不依他知如是三覺知慈心為說道智悲及力等拔苦煩惱刺初三句自利後三句利他

此偈明何義遠離有為名為無為應知又有為者生住滅法無彼有為是故佛體非初中後故得名為無為法身應知偈言佛體無前際[＊]及無中間際[＊]亦復無後際故又復遠離一切戲論虛妄分別寂靜體故名為自然應知偈言寂靜故不依他知者不依他因緣證知故不依他因緣證知者不依他因緣生故不依他因緣生者自覺不依他覺故如是依於如來無為法身相故一切佛事無始世來自然而行常不休息如是希有不可思議諸佛境界不從他聞不從他聞者不從師聞自自在智無言之體而自覺知偈言自覺知故既自覺知已然後為他生盲眾生令得覺知為彼證得無為法身說無上道是故名為無上智悲應知偈言既自覺知已為欲令他知是故為彼說無畏常恒道故無畏

常恒道者明道無畏是常是恒以出世間不退轉法如是次第又拔他苦煩惱根本如來智慧慈悲及神力如是三句刀金剛杵譬喻示現又以何者為苦根本略說言之謂三有中生名色是又何者為煩惱根本謂身見等虛妄邪見疑戒取等又名色者是彼所攝所生苦芽應知如來智慧慈悲心等能割彼芽以是義故說刀譬喻偈言佛能執持彼智慧慈悲刀故割截諸苦芽故又邪見疑所攝煩惱見道遠離以世間智所不能知稠林煩惱不能破壞如世間中樹林牆等彼相似法以如來力能破壞彼以是故說金剛杵喻偈言及妙金剛杵故摧碎諸見山覆藏顛倒意及一切稠林故此六種句如來莊嚴智慧光明入一切佛境界經中次第顯說應知應云何知彼經中言文殊師利如來應正遍知不生不滅者此明如來無為之相又復次說無垢清淨琉璃地中帝釋王身鏡像現等如是乃至九種譬喻皆明如來不生不滅又言文殊師利如來應正遍知清淨法身亦復如是不動不生心不戲論不分別不分別無分別不思無思不思議無念寂滅寂靜不生不滅不可見不可聞不可嗅不可嘗不可觸無諸相不可覺不可知如是等句皆說寂靜差別之相此明何義明佛一切所作事中遠離一切戲論分別寂靜自然次說餘殘修多羅彼中說言如實覺知一切法門者此明如來不依他故證大菩提又復次說如來菩提有十六種是故經言文殊師利如來如是如

實覺知一切諸法觀察一切眾生法性不淨有垢有點奮迅於諸眾生大悲現前此明如來無上智悲應知文殊師利如來如是如實覺知一切法者如向前說無體為體如實覺知者如實無分別佛智知故觀察一切眾生法性者乃至邪聚眾生如我身中法性法體法界如來藏等彼諸眾生亦復如是無有差別如來智眼了了知故不淨者以諸凡夫煩惱障故有垢者以諸聲聞辟支佛等有智障故有點者以諸菩薩摩訶薩等依彼二種習氣障故奮迅者能如實知種種眾生可化方便入彼眾生可化方便種種門故大悲者成大菩提得於一切眾生平等大慈悲心為欲令彼一切眾生如佛證智如是覺知證大菩提故次於一切眾生平等轉大法輪常不休息如是三句能作他利益故名為力應知又此六句次第初三種句謂無為等功德如來法身相應示現自利益餘三種句所謂智等示現他利益又復有義以有智慧故證得第一寂靜法身是故名為自利益又依慈悲力等二句轉大法輪示現他利益

I.7

སོ་སོ་རང་གིས་རྟོགས་བྱའི་ཕྱིར། །
གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རྟོགས་མིན་པ། །
དེ་ལྟར་རྣམ་གསུམ་རྟོགས་ཕྱིར་མཁྱེན། །
ལམ་སྟོན་ཕྱིར་ན་ཐུགས་བརྩེ་བ། །

It is not produced through other conditions
Because it is to be realized personally.
Thus, it is wisdom because it is threefold awakening.
It is compassion because it teaches the path.

French

प्रत्यात्ममधिगम्यत्वादपरप्रत्ययोदयम्
ज्ञानमेवं त्रिधा बोधात् करुणा मार्गदेशनात्

唯內身自證故不依他知
如是三覺知慈心為說道

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

It is unconditioned because its nature

Is to be without beginning, middle, and end.

It is declared to be effortless

Because it possesses the peaceful dharma body. ^[1] I.6

It is not produced through other conditions

Because it is to be realized personally. {D78a}

Thus, it is wisdom because it is threefold awakening.

It is compassion because it teaches the path. I.7

It is power because it overcomes suffering

And the afflictions through wisdom and compassion.

One’s own welfare is by virtue of the first three qualities

And the welfare of others by virtue of the latter three. I.8

Being "unconditioned" should be understood as the opposite of being conditioned. Here, what is called "conditioned" is that in which arising is perceived and abiding and ceasing are perceived too. Because of the lack of these [three characteristics], buddhahood is to be regarded as being without beginning, middle, and end and as consisting of the unconditioned dharmakāya. It is effortless because all reference points and conceptions are at peace.

It is not produced by other conditions because it is to be realized by self-arisen wisdom (here, udaya means "awakening" and not "arising").^[2] Even though it is unconditioned and has the characteristic of being inactive, from tathāgatahood all activities of the perfect Buddha unfold without effort in an unimpeded and uninterrupted manner until the end of saṃsāra. Thus, buddhahood, which is a truly amazing and inconceivable object, is completely and perfectly realized as being inexpressible in nature by [the Buddha] himself, [that is,] not after having heard [about it] from others, but through the self-arisen wisdom that is not caused by a master. Thereafter, in order to help awaken^[3] others, who have not awakened to such an awakening {P79a} and are blind by birth,^[4] [the Buddha] teaches them the path that leads to that [awakening].^[5] Therefore, one should understand that [the Buddha] is endowed with unsurpassable wisdom and compassion.

The fearlessness of the path is due to its being beyond the world. Its being beyond the world is due to its never turning back. In due order, the examples of a sword and a vajra elucidate that both the wisdom and compassion of the Tathāgata have the power to overcome the roots of the suffering and the afflictions of others. Here, in brief, the root of suffering consists of anything that comes about as [the five skandhas of] name and form within [any possible saṃsāric] existence. The root of the afflictions {D78b} consists of any views and doubts that are preceded by clinging to a real personality. Here, by virtue of its characteristic of coming forth, the suffering that consists of name and form is to be understood as being represented by a sprout. {J9} Since the power of both the wisdom and the compassion of the Tathāgata cuts through this [suffering], it should be known to be illustrated by the example of a sword. The afflictions to be relinquished through seeing, which consist of said views and doubts and are difficult to understand through mundane wisdom, are difficult to penetrate. Therefore, they resemble a wall concealed by a thick forest. Due to being what breaks through these [afflictions], the power of both the wisdom and the compassion of the Tathāgata should be understood to be illustrated by the example of a vajra.^[6]

The instruction on the detailed analysis of these six qualities of the Tathāgata as described should be known in this order according to the Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra. There it is said:

Mañjuśrī, [through this specification,] "what is without arising and without ceasing" {P79b} [should be understood to be a designation of] the Tathāgata Arhat, the completely perfect Buddha.^[7]

Through this, it is explained first that the Tathāgata has the characteristic of being unconditioned. Right after this, the Tathāgata’s being without arising and without ceasing [is illustrated] by nine examples, starting with the example of a reflection of Śakra^[8] on a ground of stainless beryl.^[9] With regard to the meaning [of this], [the sūtra] says:

Mañjuśrī, likewise, the Tathāgata Arhat, the completely perfect Buddha, does not move, does not reflect, is not discursive, does not think, and does not conceptualize. He is without thought, without conception, without reflection, without mental engagement, peaceful, without arising, and without ceasing. He cannot be seen, cannot be heard, cannot be smelled, cannot be tasted, and cannot be touched. {D79a} He is without characteristics, without cognizing, and without being cognizable.^[10]

Thus and further goes the [sūtra’s] discussion of different aspects of peacefulness.^[11] Through this, it is explained that the Tathāgata is effortless because in his own actions all discursiveness and conceptions are at peace. Then, the discussion of the [nine] examples in the following passage [of the sūtra] explains the completely perfect awakening of the Tathāgata without any other conditions with regard to the gateways to the completely perfect awakening to the suchness of all phenomena. At the end, after having taught the sixteen aspects of the awakening of the Tathāgata, [the sūtra] says the following:

Here, Mañjuśrī, once the Tathāgata has completely and perfectly awakened to all phenomena’s having such a nature and {P80a} has seen the dharmadhātu of sentient beings to be impure, not stainless, and blemished,^[12] {J10} his great compassion, which is called "playful mastery," unfolds for [all] sentient beings.^[13]

This states that the Tathāgata is endowed with unsurpassable wisdom and compassion. [In this passage,] "all phenomena’s having such a nature" [refers to phenomena] as they have been taught above as having the nature of the lack of entity.^[14]"Completely and perfectly awakened" [means] "realized by nonconceptual buddha wisdom that accords with reality." "Of sentient beings" [means] "of those who are categorized as the groups [whose disposition] is certain [in terms of what is correct], [whose disposition] is uncertain, and [whose disposition] is certain in terms of what is mistaken."^[15] "The dharmadhātu" [refers to their] tathāgata heart, which in essence is not different from the [Buddha’s] own true nature.^[16] "Has seen" [means] "having seen all the aspects [of this tathāgata heart in different beings] with the Buddha’s unobscured eyes." "Impure" [refers to the impurity] of ordinary naive beings due to their afflictive obscurations. "Not stainless" [refers to the impurity] of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas due to their cognitive obscurations. {D79b} "Blemished" [refers to the impurity] of bodhisattvas due to their remainders of either one of both of those [obscurations]. [The Buddha’s compassion is called] "playful mastery" because of having entered into various gateways of perfect means of guidance. That this "compassion unfolds for [all] sentient beings" is because [the Buddha], as being the one who possesses the awakening of having completely and perfectly awakened for the sake of all sentient beings due to [their] being equal [for him to himself], has the intention to [make them] attain the realization of [the Buddha’s] own true nature [that abides in them too]. Thereafter, due to the unfolding of unsurpassable wisdom and compassion, [the Buddha] engages in bringing about his turning of the wheel of the unequaled dharma in an uninterrupted manner. {P80b} This is to be understood as the power of both [wisdom and compassion] with regard to promoting the welfare of others.

Here, from among these six qualities of the Tathāgata, in due order, to be endowed with the first three' [qualities] (such as being unconditioned) represents the fulfillment of one’s own welfare, while [being endowed] with the latter three (such as wisdom) represents the fulfillment of the welfare of others. Or, [one can say that] it is [the quality of] wisdom that elucidates the fulfillment of one’s own welfare, which is due to its having the property of being the basis of the completely perfect self-awakening that is the supreme and eternal abode of peace. Compassion and power [indicate] the fulfillment of the welfare of others due to their having the property of being the basis of [the activity of] turning the wheel of the great unsurpassable dharma.

śāntadharmaśarīra.
I follow de Jong’s emendation of ’bhipretotpādaḥ to ’bhipreto notpādaḥ, which is also supported by DP ’dod kyi skye ba ni ma yin no.
MB avabodhāya against J anubodhāya.
MB jātyandhabhūtānām against J jātyandhānām.
I follow MB tadanugamamārga° (DP de rjes su rtogs pa’i lam) and VT (fol. 10v6) °vyapadeśa° against J tadanugāmimārgavyupadeśa.
VT (fol. 10v5) says that the sword of wisdom cuts through suffering, while the vajra of compassion breaks through the wall (of views and doubts).
D100, fol. 284b.3 (the insertions in "[ ]"stem from D100).
This is another name of the god Indra.
'Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, fol. 280a.2–4. Note that, in the sūtra, this passage precedes the former one.
Ibid., fol. 280a.4–6.
J upaśamaprabhedapradeśa (DP nye bar zhi ba’i tshig gi rab tu dbye ba). According to Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, the difference between śama and upaśama is that the realization of phenomena’s not really existing results in the mind’s being free from clinging to them.
J aśuddham avimalaṃ sāṅganam (DP ma dag pa dri ma dang bral ba skyon dang bcas pa). However, the Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra (D100, fol. 298a.7) has "pure, stainless, and unafflicted" (dag pa dri ma med pa nyon mongs pa med pa), which is confirmed and explained several times with regard to a number of phenomena right before that passage.
Ibid., fol. 298a.6–7. In D100 this sentence reads, "Here, Mañjuśrī, [in] the Tathāgata, who has completely and perfectly realized all phenomena to be like that and has seen the basic element of sentient beings, great compassion, which is called "playful mastery,"arises for sentient beings because sentient beings are [ultimately] pure, stainless, and undefiled."
With Takasaki, J abhāvasvabhāvāt is emended to abhāvasvabhāvān.
See the text below (J29.1ff.) for an explanation of which sentient beings belong to which of these three groups.
I follow MB °nirviśiṣṭaṃ tathāgatagarbham against J °nirviśiṣṭatathāgatagarbham.

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

།ཐོག་མ་དབུས་མཐའ་མེད་པ་ཡི། །རང་བཞིན་ཡིན་ཕྱིར་འདུས་མ་བྱས། །ཞི་བ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཅན་ཕྱིར། །ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་ཅེས་བྱ་བར་བརྗོད། །སོ་སོ་རང་གིས་རྟོགས་བྱའི་ཕྱིར། །གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རྟོགས་མིན་པ། །དེ་ལྟར་རྣམ་གསུམ་རྟོགས་ཕྱིར་མཁྱེན། །ལམ་སྟོན་ཕྱིར་ན་ཐུགས་བརྩེ་བ། །ནུས་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཡིས། །སྡུག་

བསྔལ་ཉོན་མོངས་སྤོང་ཕྱིར་རོ། །དང་པོ་གསུམ་གྱིས་རང་དོན་ཏེ། །ཕྱི་མ་གསུམ་གྱིས་གཞན་དོན་ཡིན། །འདུས་མ་བྱས་ནི་འདུས་བྱས་ལས་བཟློག་པར་ཤེས་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལ་འདུས་བྱས་ནི་གང་ལ་སྐྱེ་བ་ཡང་རབ་ཏུ་ཤེས་ཤིང་། གནས་པ་དང་འཇིག་པ་ཡང་རབ་ཏུ་ཤེས་པ་ནི་འདུས་བྱས་ཞེས་བརྗོད་ལ། དེ་མེད་པའི་ཕྱིར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་ཐོག་མ་དང་དབུས་དང་ཐ་མ་མེད་པ་འདུས་མ་བྱས་པ། ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུས་རབ་ཏུ་ཕྱེ་བར་བལྟ་བར་བྱའོ། །སྤྲོས་པ་དང་རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བའི་ཕྱིར་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པའོ། །རང་བྱུང་གི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར། གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱ་བ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཨོ་ཏ་ཡ་ནི་འདིར་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པ་ལ་འདོད་ཀྱི་སྐྱེ་བ་ལ་ནི་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེ་ལྟར་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱིར་འདུས་མ་བྱས་ཤིང་འཇུག་པ་མེད་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་ལས་ཀྱང་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་འཁོར་བ་ཇི་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཐར་ཐུག་པར་ཐོགས་པ་མེད་ཅིང་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པར་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་གོ། །དེ་ལྟར་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྨད་དུ་བྱུང་ཞིང་བསམ་དུ་མེད་པའི་ཡུལ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་དེ་གཞན་ལས་མ་ཐོས་པར་རང་ཉིད་དེ་སློབ་དཔོན་མེད་པར་རང་བྱུང་གི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་བརྗོད་དུ་མེད་པའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཏེ། དེ་རྗེས་སུ་རྟོགས་པ་དང་མི་ལྡན་པ་དམུས་ལོང་དུ་གྱུར་པ་གཞན་དག་ཀྱང་རྟོགས་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་རྗེས་སུ་རྟོགས་པའི་ལམ་སྟོན་པར་མཛད་པའི་ཕྱིར་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད་དུ་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །འཇིགས་པ་མེད་པའི་ལམ་ནི་འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པའི་ཕྱིར་ལ། འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཡང་ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །རལ་གྲི་དང་རྡོ་རྗེའི་དཔེས་ནི་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བར་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་འདི་གཉིས་ཉིད་གཞན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་རྩ་བ་འཇོམས་པར་ནུས་པར་བསྟན་ཏོ། །དེ་ལ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྩ་བ་ནི་མདོར་ན་གང་ཅི་ཡང་རུང་སྲིད་པ་རྣམས་སུ་མིང་དང་གཟུགས་མངོན་པར་གྲུབ་པའོ། །ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་རྩ་བ་ནི་གང་ཅི་ཡང་རུང་བ་འཇིག་

ཚོགས་ལ་མངོན་པར་ཞེན་པ་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་ལྟ་བ་དང་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མོ། །དེ་ལ་མིང་དང་གཟུགས་ཀྱིས་བསྡུས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་མངོན་པར་གྲུབ་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་གྱིས་ནི་མྱུ་གུ་ལྟ་བུར་ཤེས་པར་བྱ་ལ། དེ་གཅོད་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནུས་པ་རལ་གྲིའི་དཔེས་བསྟན་ཏོ། །ལྟ་བ་དང་ཐེ་ཚོམ་གྱིས་བསྡུས་པ་མཐོང་བས་སྤང་བར་བྱ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ནི་འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་རྟོགས་པས་ཤེས་པར་དཀའ་བ་དང་། ཕིགས་པར་དཀའ་བའི་ཕྱིར་ན། ནགས་ཐིབས་པོས་བསྐོར་བའི་རྩིག་པ་དང་འདྲ་བ་དེ་འཇིག་པར་བྱེད་པ་སྟེ་འཇིག་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་དག་རྡོ་རྗེའི་དཔེ་དང་མཐུན་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལྟར་ན་ཇི་སྐད་བསྟན་པའི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དྲུག་པོ་འདི་རྣམས་གོ་རིམས་འདི་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་རྒྱས་པར་རྣམ་པར་དབྱེ་བ་བསྟན་པ་ནི། སངས་རྒྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྣང་བ་རྒྱན་གྱི་མདོའི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲངས་ནས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལས་ཇི་སྐད་དུ། འཇམ་དཔལ་སྐྱེ་བ་མེད་ཅིང་འགག་པ་མེད་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་འདི་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཚིག་བླ་དགས་ཏེ་ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་སྟེ། འདིས་ནི་རེ་ཞིག་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་འདུས་མ་བྱས་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་དོ་ཞེས་བསྟན་ཏོ། །གང་དེའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་ཉིད་ལ་བཻ་ཌཱུརྱའི་ས་གཞི་དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་གྱི་གཟུགས་བརྙན་གྱི་དཔེ་ཐོག་མར་བྱས་ཏེ། ཇི་སྲིད་དུ་དཔེ་དགུས་དོན་འདི་ཉིད་ཀྱི་དབང་དུ་བྱས་ནས་གསུངས་པ། འཇམ་དཔལ་དེ་བཞིན་དུ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱང་གཡོ་བར་མི་མཛད། སེམས་པར་མི་མཛད། སྤྲོ་བར་མི་མཛད། རྟོག་པར་མི་མཛད། རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པར་མི་མཛད་ཅིང་། རྟོག་པ་མེད་པ། རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་མེད་པ། སེམས་པ་མེད་པ། ཡིད་ལ་བྱེད་པ་མེད་པ། བསིལ་བར་གྱུར་པ། སྐྱེ་བ་མེད་པ། འགག་པ་མེད་པ། བལྟར་མེད་པ། མཉན་དུ་མེད་པ། བསྣམ་དུ་མེད་པ། མྱང་དུ་མེད་པ། རེག་ཏུ་

མེད་པ། མཚན་མ་མེད་པ། རྣམ་པར་རིག་པ་མེད་པ། རྣམ་པར་རིག་པར་བྱ་བ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཞེས་གསུངས་ཏེ། དེ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ནི་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བའི་ཚིག་གི་རབ་ཏུ་དབྱེ་བ་བསྟན་པའོ། །འདིས་ནི་རང་གི་མཛད་པ་དག་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་དང་། སྤྲོས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཞི་བའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པ་ཉིད་བསྟན་ཏོ། །དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་གཞུང་ལྷག་མ་ལས་དཔེ་བསྟན་པས་ནི། ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་པའི་སྒོ་ལ། གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཉིད་བསྟན་ཏོ། །གང་ཡང་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་རྣམ་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་བསྟན་ནས། མཐར་འདི་སྐད་དུ། འཇམ་དཔལ་དེ་ལ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སྟེ། སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་ཡང་མ་དག་པ། དྲི་མ་དང་བྲལ་བ། སྐྱོན་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་གཟིགས་ནས་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་རྣམ་པར་བརྩེ་བ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་གོ། །ཞེས་གསུངས་ཏེ། འདིས་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད་བརྗོད་དོ། །དེ་ལ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་བཞིན་དུ་བསྟན་པ་དངོས་པོ་མེད་པའི་ངོ་བོ་ཉིད་དུའོ། །མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སྟེ། ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་ཡང་དག་པ་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་བཞིན་དུ་རྣམ་པར་མི་རྟོག་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་མཁྱེན་ནས་སོ། །སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི། ངེས་པ་དང་། མ་ངེས་པ་དང་། ལོག་པ་ཉིད་དུ་ངེས་པའི་ཕུང་པོར་གནས་པ་རྣམས་ལའོ། །ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི། རང་གི་ཆོས་ཉིད་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་དང་ཁྱད་པར་མེད་པ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོའོ། །གཟིགས་ནས་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་རྣམ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྤྱན་སྒྲིབ་པ་མེད་པས་གཟིགས་ནས་སོ། །བྱིས་པ་སོ་སོའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་སྒྲིབ་པས་མ་དག་པའོ། །ཉན་ཐོས་དང་རང་སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་ཤེས་བྱའི་སྒྲིབ་པས་དྲི་མ་

དང་མ་བྲལ་བའོ། །བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་དེ་གཉི་ག་གང་ཡང་རུང་བའི་ལྷག་མས་སྐྱོན་དང་བཅས་པའོ། །རྣམ་པར་བརྩེ་བ་ནི་གདུལ་བྱའི་ཐབས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་སྣ་ཚོགས་པ་གྲུབ་པ་ལ་ཞུགས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་པ་ནི། མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་དུ་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་དུ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་པས་ན་རང་གི་ཆོས་ཉིད་རྟོགས་པ་ཐོབ་པར་དགོངས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེའི་རབ་ཏུ་ཞུགས་པ་ལས་མཚུངས་པ་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་རབ་ཏུ་བསྐོར་བ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་མངོན་པར་སྒྲུབ་པའི་སྦྱོར་བ་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་འདི་ནི་དེ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་བྱེད་པར་ནུས་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དྲུག་པོ་དེ་དག་ཉིད་ལས་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བར་འདུས་མ་བྱས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་དང་པོ་གསུམ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ནི་རང་གི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ཡིན་ལ། ཡེ་ཤེས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལྷག་མ་གསུམ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ནི་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའོ། །ཡང་ན་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་ནི་མཆོག་ཏུ་རྟག་པ་དང་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བའི་གནས་རང་མངོན་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་པ་ལ་གནས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱིས་ན་རང་གི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་བསྟན་པ་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་ནུས་པ་དག་གིས་ནི་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་ཆེན་པོ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱིས་ན་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་བསྟན་ཏོ།

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

anādimadhyanidhanaprakṛtatvādasaṃskṛtam/

śāntadharmaśarīratvādanābhogamiti smṛtam//6//

pratyātmamadhigamyatvādaparapratyayodayam/

jñānamevaṃ tridhā bodhāt karuṇā mārgadeśanāt//7//

śaktirjñānakṛpābhyāṃ tu duḥkhakleśanibarhaṇāt/

tribhirādyairguṇaiḥ svārthaḥ parārthaḥ paścimaistribhiḥ//8//

saṃskṛtaviparyayeṇāsaṃskṛtaṃ veditayvam/ tatra saṃskṛtamucyate yasyotpādo'pi prajñāyatesthitirapi bhaṅgo'pi prajñāyate/ tadabhāvādbuddhatvamanādimadhyanidhanamasaṃskṛtadharmakāya prabhāvitaṃ draṣṭavyam/ sarvaprapañcavikalpopaśāntatvādanābhogam/ svayaṃbhūjñānādhigamyatvādaparapratyayodayam/ udayo'trābhisaṃbodho'bhipretotpādaḥ/ ityasaṃskṛtādapravṛttilakṣaṇādapi tathāgatatvādanābhogataḥ sarvasaṃbuddhakṛtyamā saṃsārakoṭeranuparatamanupacchinnaṃ pravartate/

ityevamatyadbhutācintyaviṣayaṃ buddhatvamaśrutvā parataḥ svayamanācāryakeṇa svayaṃbhūjñānena nirabhilāpyasvabhāvatāmabhisaṃbudhya tadanubodhaṃ pratyabudhānāmapi jātyandhānāṃ pareṣāmanubodhāya tadanugāmimārgavyupadeśakaraṇādanuttarajñānakaruṇānvitatvaṃ veditavyam/ mārgasyābhayatvaṃ lokottaratvāt/ lokottaratvamapunarāvṛttitaśca/ yathākramaṃ paraduḥkhakleśamūlasamudghātaṃ pratyanayoreva tathāgatajñānakaruṇayoḥ śaktirasivajradṛṣṭāntena paridīpitā/ tatra duḥkhamūlaṃ samāsato yā kacidbhaveṣu nāmarūpābhinirvṛttiḥ/ kleśamūlaṃ ya kācitsatkāyābhiniveśapūrvikā dṛṣṭirvicikitsā ca/ tatra nāmarūpasaṃgṛhītaṃ duḥkhamabhinirvṛttilakṣaṇatvādaṅkurasthānīyaṃ veditavyam/ tacchettṛtve tathāgatajñānakaruṇāyoḥ śaktirasidṛṣṭantenopamitā veditavyā/ dṛṣṭivicikitsāsamgṛhīto darśanamārgapraheyaḥ/ kleśo laukikajñānaduravagāho durbhedaṃtvādvanagahanopagūḍhaprākārasadṛśaḥ/ tadbhettṛtvāt tathāgatajñānakaruṇayoḥ śaktirvajradṛṣṭāntenopamitā veditavyā/

ityete yathāddiṣṭāḥ ṣaṭ tathāgataguṇā vistaravibhāganirdeśato'nayaivānupūrvyā sarvabuddhaviṣayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtrānusāreṇānugantavyāḥ/ tatra yaduktamanutpādo'nirodha iti mañjuśrīstathāgato'rhan samyaksaṃbuddha eṣa ityanena tāvadasaṃskṛtalakṣaṇastathāgata iti paridīpitam/ yatpunaranantaraṃ vimalavaiḍūryapṛthivīśakrapratibimbodāharaṇamādiṃ kṛtvā yāvannavabhirudāharaṇairetamevānutpādānirodhatathāgatārthamadhikṛtyāha/ evameva mañjuśrīstathāgato'rhan samyaksaṃbuddho neñjate na viṭhapati na prapañcayati na kalpayati na vikalpayati/ akalpo'vikalpo'citto'manasikāraḥ śītibhūto'nutpādo'nirodho'dṛṣṭo'śruto'nāghrāto'nāsvādito'spṛṣṭo'nimitto'vijñaptiko'vijñapanīya ityevamādirupaśamaprabhedapradeśanirdeśaḥ/ anena svakriyāsu sarvaprapañcavikalpopaśāntatvādanābhogastathāgata iti paridīpitam/ tata ūrdhvamudāharaṇanirdeśādavaśiṣṭena granthena sarvadharmadharmatathatābhisaṃbodhamukheṣvaparapratyayābhisaṃbodhastathāgatasya paridīpitaḥ/ yatpunarante ṣoḍaśākārāṃ tathāgatabodhiṃ nirdiśyaivamāha/ tatra mañjuśrīstathāgatasyaivaṃrūpān sarvadharmānabhisaṃbudhya sattvānāṃ ca dharmadhātuṃ vyavalokyāśuddhamavimalaṃ sāṅganaṃ vikrīḍitā nāma sattveṣu mahākaruṇā pravartata iti/ anena tathāgatasyānuttarajñānakaruṇānvitatvamudbhāvitam/ tatraivaṃrūpān sarvadharmāniti yathāpūrva nirdiṣṭānabhāvasvabhāvāt/ abhisaṃbudhyeti yathābhūtamavikalpabuddhajñānena jñātvā/ sattvānāmiti niyatāniyatamithyāniyatarāśivyavaśitānām/ dharmadhātumiti svadharmatāprakṛtinirviśiṣṭattathāgatagarbham/ vyavalokyeti sarvākāramanāvaraṇena buddhacakṣuṣā dṛṣṭvā/ aśuddhaṃ kleśāvaraṇena bālapṛthagjanānām/ avimalaṃ jñeyāvaraṇena śrāvakapratyekabuddhānām/ sāṅganaṃ tadubhayānyatamaviśiṣṭatayā bodhisattvānām/ vikrīḍitā vividhā saṃpannavinayopāyamukheṣu supraviṣṭatvāt/ sattveṣu mahākaruṇā pravartata iti samatayā sarvasattvanimittamabhisaṃbuddhabodheḥ svadharmatādhigamasaṃprāpaṇāśayatvāt/ yadita ūrdhvamanuttarajñānakaruṇāpravṛtterasamadharmacakrapravartanābhinirhāraprayogāśraṃsanamiyamanayoḥ parārthakaraṇe śaktirveditavyā/ tatraiṣāmeva yathākramaṃ ṣaṇṇāṃ tathāgataguṇānāmādyaistribhirasaṃskṛtādibhiryogaḥ svārthasaṃpat/ tribhiravaśiṣṭairjñānādibhiḥ parārthasaṃpat/ api khalu jñānena paramanityopaśāntipadasvābhisaṃbodhisthānaguṇāt svārthasaṃpat paridīpitā/ karuṇāśaktibhyāmanuttaramahādharmacakrapravṛttisthānaguṇāt parārthasaṃpaditi/

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

偈言

非初非中後自性無為體及法體寂靜故自然應知唯內身自證故不依他知如是三覺知慈心為說道智悲及力等拔苦煩惱刺初三句自利後三句利他

此偈明何義遠離有為名為無為應知又有為者生住滅法無彼有為是故佛體非初中後故得名為無為法身應知偈言佛體無前際[＊]及無中間際[＊]亦復無後際故又復遠離一切戲論虛妄分別寂靜體故名為自然應知偈言寂靜故不依他知者不依他因緣證知故不依他因緣證知者不依他因緣生故不依他因緣生者自覺不依他覺故如是依於如來無為法身相故一切佛事無始世來自然而行常不休息如是希有不可思議諸佛境界不從他聞不從他聞者不從師聞自自在智無言之體而自覺知偈言自覺知故既自覺知已然後為他生盲眾生令得覺知為彼證得無為法身說無上道是故名為無上智悲應知偈言既自覺知已為欲令他知是故為彼說無畏常恒道故無畏

常恒道者明道無畏是常是恒以出世間不退轉法如是次第又拔他苦煩惱根本如來智慧慈悲及神力如是三句刀金剛杵譬喻示現又以何者為苦根本略說言之謂三有中生名色是又何者為煩惱根本謂身見等虛妄邪見疑戒取等又名色者是彼所攝所生苦芽應知如來智慧慈悲心等能割彼芽以是義故說刀譬喻偈言佛能執持彼智慧慈悲刀故割截諸苦芽故又邪見疑所攝煩惱見道遠離以世間智所不能知稠林煩惱不能破壞如世間中樹林牆等彼相似法以如來力能破壞彼以是故說金剛杵喻偈言及妙金剛杵故摧碎諸見山覆藏顛倒意及一切稠林故此六種句如來莊嚴智慧光明入一切佛境界經中次第顯說應知應云何知彼經中言文殊師利如來應正遍知不生不滅者此明如來無為之相又復次說無垢清淨琉璃地中帝釋王身鏡像現等如是乃至九種譬喻皆明如來不生不滅又言文殊師利如來應正遍知清淨法身亦復如是不動不生心不戲論不分別不分別無分別不思無思不思議無念寂滅寂靜不生不滅不可見不可聞不可嗅不可嘗不可觸無諸相不可覺不可知如是等句皆說寂靜差別之相此明何義明佛一切所作事中遠離一切戲論分別寂靜自然次說餘殘修多羅彼中說言如實覺知一切法門者此明如來不依他故證大菩提又復次說如來菩提有十六種是故經言文殊師利如來如是如

實覺知一切諸法觀察一切眾生法性不淨有垢有點奮迅於諸眾生大悲現前此明如來無上智悲應知文殊師利如來如是如實覺知一切法者如向前說無體為體如實覺知者如實無分別佛智知故觀察一切眾生法性者乃至邪聚眾生如我身中法性法體法界如來藏等彼諸眾生亦復如是無有差別如來智眼了了知故不淨者以諸凡夫煩惱障故有垢者以諸聲聞辟支佛等有智障故有點者以諸菩薩摩訶薩等依彼二種習氣障故奮迅者能如實知種種眾生可化方便入彼眾生可化方便種種門故大悲者成大菩提得於一切眾生平等大慈悲心為欲令彼一切眾生如佛證智如是覺知證大菩提故次於一切眾生平等轉大法輪常不休息如是三句能作他利益故名為力應知又此六句次第初三種句謂無為等功德如來法身相應示現自利益餘三種句所謂智等示現他利益又復有義以有智慧故證得第一寂靜法身是故名為自利益又依慈悲力等二句轉大法輪示現他利益

I.8

ནུས་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཡིས། །
སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཉོན་མོངས་སྤོང་ཕྱིར་རོ། །
དང་པོ་གསུམ་གྱིས་རང་དོན་ཏེ། །
ཕྱི་མ་གསུམ་གྱིས་གཞན་དོན་ཡིན། །

It is power because it overcomes suffering
And the afflictions through wisdom and compassion.
One’s own welfare is by virtue of the first three qualities
And the welfare of others by virtue of the latter three.

French

शक्तिर्ज्ञानकृपाभ्यां तु दुःखक्लेशनिबर्हणात्
त्रिभिराद्यैर्गुणैः स्वार्थः परार्थः पश्चिमैस्त्रिभिः

智悲及力等拔苦煩惱刺
初三句自利後三句利他

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

It is unconditioned because its nature

Is to be without beginning, middle, and end.

It is declared to be effortless

Because it possesses the peaceful dharma body. ^[1] I.6

It is not produced through other conditions

Because it is to be realized personally. {D78a}

Thus, it is wisdom because it is threefold awakening.

It is compassion because it teaches the path. I.7

It is power because it overcomes suffering

And the afflictions through wisdom and compassion.

One’s own welfare is by virtue of the first three qualities

And the welfare of others by virtue of the latter three. I.8

Being "unconditioned" should be understood as the opposite of being conditioned. Here, what is called "conditioned" is that in which arising is perceived and abiding and ceasing are perceived too. Because of the lack of these [three characteristics], buddhahood is to be regarded as being without beginning, middle, and end and as consisting of the unconditioned dharmakāya. It is effortless because all reference points and conceptions are at peace.

It is not produced by other conditions because it is to be realized by self-arisen wisdom (here, udaya means "awakening" and not "arising").^[2] Even though it is unconditioned and has the characteristic of being inactive, from tathāgatahood all activities of the perfect Buddha unfold without effort in an unimpeded and uninterrupted manner until the end of saṃsāra. Thus, buddhahood, which is a truly amazing and inconceivable object, is completely and perfectly realized as being inexpressible in nature by [the Buddha] himself, [that is,] not after having heard [about it] from others, but through the self-arisen wisdom that is not caused by a master. Thereafter, in order to help awaken^[3] others, who have not awakened to such an awakening {P79a} and are blind by birth,^[4] [the Buddha] teaches them the path that leads to that [awakening].^[5] Therefore, one should understand that [the Buddha] is endowed with unsurpassable wisdom and compassion.

The fearlessness of the path is due to its being beyond the world. Its being beyond the world is due to its never turning back. In due order, the examples of a sword and a vajra elucidate that both the wisdom and compassion of the Tathāgata have the power to overcome the roots of the suffering and the afflictions of others. Here, in brief, the root of suffering consists of anything that comes about as [the five skandhas of] name and form within [any possible saṃsāric] existence. The root of the afflictions {D78b} consists of any views and doubts that are preceded by clinging to a real personality. Here, by virtue of its characteristic of coming forth, the suffering that consists of name and form is to be understood as being represented by a sprout. {J9} Since the power of both the wisdom and the compassion of the Tathāgata cuts through this [suffering], it should be known to be illustrated by the example of a sword. The afflictions to be relinquished through seeing, which consist of said views and doubts and are difficult to understand through mundane wisdom, are difficult to penetrate. Therefore, they resemble a wall concealed by a thick forest. Due to being what breaks through these [afflictions], the power of both the wisdom and the compassion of the Tathāgata should be understood to be illustrated by the example of a vajra.^[6]

The instruction on the detailed analysis of these six qualities of the Tathāgata as described should be known in this order according to the Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra. There it is said:

Mañjuśrī, [through this specification,] "what is without arising and without ceasing" {P79b} [should be understood to be a designation of] the Tathāgata Arhat, the completely perfect Buddha.^[7]

Through this, it is explained first that the Tathāgata has the characteristic of being unconditioned. Right after this, the Tathāgata’s being without arising and without ceasing [is illustrated] by nine examples, starting with the example of a reflection of Śakra^[8] on a ground of stainless beryl.^[9] With regard to the meaning [of this], [the sūtra] says:

Mañjuśrī, likewise, the Tathāgata Arhat, the completely perfect Buddha, does not move, does not reflect, is not discursive, does not think, and does not conceptualize. He is without thought, without conception, without reflection, without mental engagement, peaceful, without arising, and without ceasing. He cannot be seen, cannot be heard, cannot be smelled, cannot be tasted, and cannot be touched. {D79a} He is without characteristics, without cognizing, and without being cognizable.^[10]

Thus and further goes the [sūtra’s] discussion of different aspects of peacefulness.^[11] Through this, it is explained that the Tathāgata is effortless because in his own actions all discursiveness and conceptions are at peace. Then, the discussion of the [nine] examples in the following passage [of the sūtra] explains the completely perfect awakening of the Tathāgata without any other conditions with regard to the gateways to the completely perfect awakening to the suchness of all phenomena. At the end, after having taught the sixteen aspects of the awakening of the Tathāgata, [the sūtra] says the following:

Here, Mañjuśrī, once the Tathāgata has completely and perfectly awakened to all phenomena’s having such a nature and {P80a} has seen the dharmadhātu of sentient beings to be impure, not stainless, and blemished,^[12] {J10} his great compassion, which is called "playful mastery," unfolds for [all] sentient beings.^[13]

This states that the Tathāgata is endowed with unsurpassable wisdom and compassion. [In this passage,] "all phenomena’s having such a nature" [refers to phenomena] as they have been taught above as having the nature of the lack of entity.^[14]"Completely and perfectly awakened" [means] "realized by nonconceptual buddha wisdom that accords with reality." "Of sentient beings" [means] "of those who are categorized as the groups [whose disposition] is certain [in terms of what is correct], [whose disposition] is uncertain, and [whose disposition] is certain in terms of what is mistaken."^[15] "The dharmadhātu" [refers to their] tathāgata heart, which in essence is not different from the [Buddha’s] own true nature.^[16] "Has seen" [means] "having seen all the aspects [of this tathāgata heart in different beings] with the Buddha’s unobscured eyes." "Impure" [refers to the impurity] of ordinary naive beings due to their afflictive obscurations. "Not stainless" [refers to the impurity] of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas due to their cognitive obscurations. {D79b} "Blemished" [refers to the impurity] of bodhisattvas due to their remainders of either one of both of those [obscurations]. [The Buddha’s compassion is called] "playful mastery" because of having entered into various gateways of perfect means of guidance. That this "compassion unfolds for [all] sentient beings" is because [the Buddha], as being the one who possesses the awakening of having completely and perfectly awakened for the sake of all sentient beings due to [their] being equal [for him to himself], has the intention to [make them] attain the realization of [the Buddha’s] own true nature [that abides in them too]. Thereafter, due to the unfolding of unsurpassable wisdom and compassion, [the Buddha] engages in bringing about his turning of the wheel of the unequaled dharma in an uninterrupted manner. {P80b} This is to be understood as the power of both [wisdom and compassion] with regard to promoting the welfare of others.

Here, from among these six qualities of the Tathāgata, in due order, to be endowed with the first three' [qualities] (such as being unconditioned) represents the fulfillment of one’s own welfare, while [being endowed] with the latter three (such as wisdom) represents the fulfillment of the welfare of others. Or, [one can say that] it is [the quality of] wisdom that elucidates the fulfillment of one’s own welfare, which is due to its having the property of being the basis of the completely perfect self-awakening that is the supreme and eternal abode of peace. Compassion and power [indicate] the fulfillment of the welfare of others due to their having the property of being the basis of [the activity of] turning the wheel of the great unsurpassable dharma.

śāntadharmaśarīra.
I follow de Jong’s emendation of ’bhipretotpādaḥ to ’bhipreto notpādaḥ, which is also supported by DP ’dod kyi skye ba ni ma yin no.
MB avabodhāya against J anubodhāya.
MB jātyandhabhūtānām against J jātyandhānām.
I follow MB tadanugamamārga° (DP de rjes su rtogs pa’i lam) and VT (fol. 10v6) °vyapadeśa° against J tadanugāmimārgavyupadeśa.
VT (fol. 10v5) says that the sword of wisdom cuts through suffering, while the vajra of compassion breaks through the wall (of views and doubts).
D100, fol. 284b.3 (the insertions in "[ ]"stem from D100).
This is another name of the god Indra.
'Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, fol. 280a.2–4. Note that, in the sūtra, this passage precedes the former one.
Ibid., fol. 280a.4–6.
J upaśamaprabhedapradeśa (DP nye bar zhi ba’i tshig gi rab tu dbye ba). According to Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, the difference between śama and upaśama is that the realization of phenomena’s not really existing results in the mind’s being free from clinging to them.
J aśuddham avimalaṃ sāṅganam (DP ma dag pa dri ma dang bral ba skyon dang bcas pa). However, the Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra (D100, fol. 298a.7) has "pure, stainless, and unafflicted" (dag pa dri ma med pa nyon mongs pa med pa), which is confirmed and explained several times with regard to a number of phenomena right before that passage.
Ibid., fol. 298a.6–7. In D100 this sentence reads, "Here, Mañjuśrī, [in] the Tathāgata, who has completely and perfectly realized all phenomena to be like that and has seen the basic element of sentient beings, great compassion, which is called "playful mastery,"arises for sentient beings because sentient beings are [ultimately] pure, stainless, and undefiled."
With Takasaki, J abhāvasvabhāvāt is emended to abhāvasvabhāvān.
See the text below (J29.1ff.) for an explanation of which sentient beings belong to which of these three groups.
I follow MB °nirviśiṣṭaṃ tathāgatagarbham against J °nirviśiṣṭatathāgatagarbham.

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

།ཐོག་མ་དབུས་མཐའ་མེད་པ་ཡི། །རང་བཞིན་ཡིན་ཕྱིར་འདུས་མ་བྱས། །ཞི་བ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཅན་ཕྱིར། །ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་ཅེས་བྱ་བར་བརྗོད། །སོ་སོ་རང་གིས་རྟོགས་བྱའི་ཕྱིར། །གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རྟོགས་མིན་པ། །དེ་ལྟར་རྣམ་གསུམ་རྟོགས་ཕྱིར་མཁྱེན། །ལམ་སྟོན་ཕྱིར་ན་ཐུགས་བརྩེ་བ། །ནུས་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཡིས། །སྡུག་

བསྔལ་ཉོན་མོངས་སྤོང་ཕྱིར་རོ། །དང་པོ་གསུམ་གྱིས་རང་དོན་ཏེ། །ཕྱི་མ་གསུམ་གྱིས་གཞན་དོན་ཡིན། །འདུས་མ་བྱས་ནི་འདུས་བྱས་ལས་བཟློག་པར་ཤེས་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལ་འདུས་བྱས་ནི་གང་ལ་སྐྱེ་བ་ཡང་རབ་ཏུ་ཤེས་ཤིང་། གནས་པ་དང་འཇིག་པ་ཡང་རབ་ཏུ་ཤེས་པ་ནི་འདུས་བྱས་ཞེས་བརྗོད་ལ། དེ་མེད་པའི་ཕྱིར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་ཐོག་མ་དང་དབུས་དང་ཐ་མ་མེད་པ་འདུས་མ་བྱས་པ། ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུས་རབ་ཏུ་ཕྱེ་བར་བལྟ་བར་བྱའོ། །སྤྲོས་པ་དང་རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བའི་ཕྱིར་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པའོ། །རང་བྱུང་གི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར། གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱ་བ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཨོ་ཏ་ཡ་ནི་འདིར་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པ་ལ་འདོད་ཀྱི་སྐྱེ་བ་ལ་ནི་མ་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེ་ལྟར་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱིར་འདུས་མ་བྱས་ཤིང་འཇུག་པ་མེད་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་ལས་ཀྱང་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་འཁོར་བ་ཇི་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཐར་ཐུག་པར་ཐོགས་པ་མེད་ཅིང་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པར་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་གོ། །དེ་ལྟར་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྨད་དུ་བྱུང་ཞིང་བསམ་དུ་མེད་པའི་ཡུལ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་དེ་གཞན་ལས་མ་ཐོས་པར་རང་ཉིད་དེ་སློབ་དཔོན་མེད་པར་རང་བྱུང་གི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་བརྗོད་དུ་མེད་པའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཏེ། དེ་རྗེས་སུ་རྟོགས་པ་དང་མི་ལྡན་པ་དམུས་ལོང་དུ་གྱུར་པ་གཞན་དག་ཀྱང་རྟོགས་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་རྗེས་སུ་རྟོགས་པའི་ལམ་སྟོན་པར་མཛད་པའི་ཕྱིར་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད་དུ་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །འཇིགས་པ་མེད་པའི་ལམ་ནི་འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པའི་ཕྱིར་ལ། འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཡང་ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །རལ་གྲི་དང་རྡོ་རྗེའི་དཔེས་ནི་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བར་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་འདི་གཉིས་ཉིད་གཞན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་རྩ་བ་འཇོམས་པར་ནུས་པར་བསྟན་ཏོ། །དེ་ལ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྩ་བ་ནི་མདོར་ན་གང་ཅི་ཡང་རུང་སྲིད་པ་རྣམས་སུ་མིང་དང་གཟུགས་མངོན་པར་གྲུབ་པའོ། །ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་རྩ་བ་ནི་གང་ཅི་ཡང་རུང་བ་འཇིག་

ཚོགས་ལ་མངོན་པར་ཞེན་པ་སྔོན་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་ལྟ་བ་དང་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མོ། །དེ་ལ་མིང་དང་གཟུགས་ཀྱིས་བསྡུས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་མངོན་པར་གྲུབ་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་གྱིས་ནི་མྱུ་གུ་ལྟ་བུར་ཤེས་པར་བྱ་ལ། དེ་གཅོད་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནུས་པ་རལ་གྲིའི་དཔེས་བསྟན་ཏོ། །ལྟ་བ་དང་ཐེ་ཚོམ་གྱིས་བསྡུས་པ་མཐོང་བས་སྤང་བར་བྱ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ནི་འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་རྟོགས་པས་ཤེས་པར་དཀའ་བ་དང་། ཕིགས་པར་དཀའ་བའི་ཕྱིར་ན། ནགས་ཐིབས་པོས་བསྐོར་བའི་རྩིག་པ་དང་འདྲ་བ་དེ་འཇིག་པར་བྱེད་པ་སྟེ་འཇིག་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་དག་རྡོ་རྗེའི་དཔེ་དང་མཐུན་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལྟར་ན་ཇི་སྐད་བསྟན་པའི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དྲུག་པོ་འདི་རྣམས་གོ་རིམས་འདི་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་རྒྱས་པར་རྣམ་པར་དབྱེ་བ་བསྟན་པ་ནི། སངས་རྒྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྣང་བ་རྒྱན་གྱི་མདོའི་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲངས་ནས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལས་ཇི་སྐད་དུ། འཇམ་དཔལ་སྐྱེ་བ་མེད་ཅིང་འགག་པ་མེད་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་འདི་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཚིག་བླ་དགས་ཏེ་ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་སྟེ། འདིས་ནི་རེ་ཞིག་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་འདུས་མ་བྱས་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་དོ་ཞེས་བསྟན་ཏོ། །གང་དེའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་ཉིད་ལ་བཻ་ཌཱུརྱའི་ས་གཞི་དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་གྱི་གཟུགས་བརྙན་གྱི་དཔེ་ཐོག་མར་བྱས་ཏེ། ཇི་སྲིད་དུ་དཔེ་དགུས་དོན་འདི་ཉིད་ཀྱི་དབང་དུ་བྱས་ནས་གསུངས་པ། འཇམ་དཔལ་དེ་བཞིན་དུ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱང་གཡོ་བར་མི་མཛད། སེམས་པར་མི་མཛད། སྤྲོ་བར་མི་མཛད། རྟོག་པར་མི་མཛད། རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པར་མི་མཛད་ཅིང་། རྟོག་པ་མེད་པ། རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་མེད་པ། སེམས་པ་མེད་པ། ཡིད་ལ་བྱེད་པ་མེད་པ། བསིལ་བར་གྱུར་པ། སྐྱེ་བ་མེད་པ། འགག་པ་མེད་པ། བལྟར་མེད་པ། མཉན་དུ་མེད་པ། བསྣམ་དུ་མེད་པ། མྱང་དུ་མེད་པ། རེག་ཏུ་

མེད་པ། མཚན་མ་མེད་པ། རྣམ་པར་རིག་པ་མེད་པ། རྣམ་པར་རིག་པར་བྱ་བ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཞེས་གསུངས་ཏེ། དེ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ནི་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བའི་ཚིག་གི་རབ་ཏུ་དབྱེ་བ་བསྟན་པའོ། །འདིས་ནི་རང་གི་མཛད་པ་དག་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་དང་། སྤྲོས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཞི་བའི་ཕྱིར། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པ་ཉིད་བསྟན་ཏོ། །དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་གཞུང་ལྷག་མ་ལས་དཔེ་བསྟན་པས་ནི། ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་པའི་སྒོ་ལ། གཞན་གྱི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཉིད་བསྟན་ཏོ། །གང་ཡང་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་རྣམ་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་བསྟན་ནས། མཐར་འདི་སྐད་དུ། འཇམ་དཔལ་དེ་ལ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སྟེ། སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་ཡང་མ་དག་པ། དྲི་མ་དང་བྲལ་བ། སྐྱོན་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་གཟིགས་ནས་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་རྣམ་པར་བརྩེ་བ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་གོ། །ཞེས་གསུངས་ཏེ། འདིས་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད་བརྗོད་དོ། །དེ་ལ་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་བཞིན་དུ་བསྟན་པ་དངོས་པོ་མེད་པའི་ངོ་བོ་ཉིད་དུའོ། །མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སྟེ། ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་ཡང་དག་པ་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་བཞིན་དུ་རྣམ་པར་མི་རྟོག་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་མཁྱེན་ནས་སོ། །སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི། ངེས་པ་དང་། མ་ངེས་པ་དང་། ལོག་པ་ཉིད་དུ་ངེས་པའི་ཕུང་པོར་གནས་པ་རྣམས་ལའོ། །ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི། རང་གི་ཆོས་ཉིད་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་དང་ཁྱད་པར་མེད་པ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོའོ། །གཟིགས་ནས་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ནི་རྣམ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྤྱན་སྒྲིབ་པ་མེད་པས་གཟིགས་ནས་སོ། །བྱིས་པ་སོ་སོའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་སྒྲིབ་པས་མ་དག་པའོ། །ཉན་ཐོས་དང་རང་སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་ཤེས་བྱའི་སྒྲིབ་པས་དྲི་མ་

དང་མ་བྲལ་བའོ། །བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནི་དེ་གཉི་ག་གང་ཡང་རུང་བའི་ལྷག་མས་སྐྱོན་དང་བཅས་པའོ། །རྣམ་པར་བརྩེ་བ་ནི་གདུལ་བྱའི་ཐབས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་སྣ་ཚོགས་པ་གྲུབ་པ་ལ་ཞུགས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་པ་ནི། མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་དུ་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་དུ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་པས་ན་རང་གི་ཆོས་ཉིད་རྟོགས་པ་ཐོབ་པར་དགོངས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ། །དེའི་འོག་ཏུ་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་དང་ཐུགས་རྗེའི་རབ་ཏུ་ཞུགས་པ་ལས་མཚུངས་པ་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་རབ་ཏུ་བསྐོར་བ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་མངོན་པར་སྒྲུབ་པའི་སྦྱོར་བ་རྒྱུན་མི་འཆད་པ་གང་ཡིན་པ་འདི་ནི་དེ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་བྱེད་པར་ནུས་པར་རིག་པར་བྱའོ། །དེ་ལ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དྲུག་པོ་དེ་དག་ཉིད་ལས་གོ་རིམས་ཇི་ལྟ་བར་འདུས་མ་བྱས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་དང་པོ་གསུམ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ནི་རང་གི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ཡིན་ལ། ཡེ་ཤེས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལྷག་མ་གསུམ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ནི་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའོ། །ཡང་ན་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་ནི་མཆོག་ཏུ་རྟག་པ་དང་ཉེ་བར་ཞི་བའི་གནས་རང་མངོན་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་པ་ལ་གནས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱིས་ན་རང་གི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་བསྟན་པ་དང་། ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་ནུས་པ་དག་གིས་ནི་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་ཆེན་པོ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇུག་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱིས་ན་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་བསྟན་ཏོ།

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

anādimadhyanidhanaprakṛtatvādasaṃskṛtam/

śāntadharmaśarīratvādanābhogamiti smṛtam//6//

pratyātmamadhigamyatvādaparapratyayodayam/

jñānamevaṃ tridhā bodhāt karuṇā mārgadeśanāt//7//

śaktirjñānakṛpābhyāṃ tu duḥkhakleśanibarhaṇāt/

tribhirādyairguṇaiḥ svārthaḥ parārthaḥ paścimaistribhiḥ//8//

saṃskṛtaviparyayeṇāsaṃskṛtaṃ veditayvam/ tatra saṃskṛtamucyate yasyotpādo'pi prajñāyatesthitirapi bhaṅgo'pi prajñāyate/ tadabhāvādbuddhatvamanādimadhyanidhanamasaṃskṛtadharmakāya prabhāvitaṃ draṣṭavyam/ sarvaprapañcavikalpopaśāntatvādanābhogam/ svayaṃbhūjñānādhigamyatvādaparapratyayodayam/ udayo'trābhisaṃbodho'bhipretotpādaḥ/ ityasaṃskṛtādapravṛttilakṣaṇādapi tathāgatatvādanābhogataḥ sarvasaṃbuddhakṛtyamā saṃsārakoṭeranuparatamanupacchinnaṃ pravartate/

ityevamatyadbhutācintyaviṣayaṃ buddhatvamaśrutvā parataḥ svayamanācāryakeṇa svayaṃbhūjñānena nirabhilāpyasvabhāvatāmabhisaṃbudhya tadanubodhaṃ pratyabudhānāmapi jātyandhānāṃ pareṣāmanubodhāya tadanugāmimārgavyupadeśakaraṇādanuttarajñānakaruṇānvitatvaṃ veditavyam/ mārgasyābhayatvaṃ lokottaratvāt/ lokottaratvamapunarāvṛttitaśca/ yathākramaṃ paraduḥkhakleśamūlasamudghātaṃ pratyanayoreva tathāgatajñānakaruṇayoḥ śaktirasivajradṛṣṭāntena paridīpitā/ tatra duḥkhamūlaṃ samāsato yā kacidbhaveṣu nāmarūpābhinirvṛttiḥ/ kleśamūlaṃ ya kācitsatkāyābhiniveśapūrvikā dṛṣṭirvicikitsā ca/ tatra nāmarūpasaṃgṛhītaṃ duḥkhamabhinirvṛttilakṣaṇatvādaṅkurasthānīyaṃ veditavyam/ tacchettṛtve tathāgatajñānakaruṇāyoḥ śaktirasidṛṣṭantenopamitā veditavyā/ dṛṣṭivicikitsāsamgṛhīto darśanamārgapraheyaḥ/ kleśo laukikajñānaduravagāho durbhedaṃtvādvanagahanopagūḍhaprākārasadṛśaḥ/ tadbhettṛtvāt tathāgatajñānakaruṇayoḥ śaktirvajradṛṣṭāntenopamitā veditavyā/

ityete yathāddiṣṭāḥ ṣaṭ tathāgataguṇā vistaravibhāganirdeśato'nayaivānupūrvyā sarvabuddhaviṣayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtrānusāreṇānugantavyāḥ/ tatra yaduktamanutpādo'nirodha iti mañjuśrīstathāgato'rhan samyaksaṃbuddha eṣa ityanena tāvadasaṃskṛtalakṣaṇastathāgata iti paridīpitam/ yatpunaranantaraṃ vimalavaiḍūryapṛthivīśakrapratibimbodāharaṇamādiṃ kṛtvā yāvannavabhirudāharaṇairetamevānutpādānirodhatathāgatārthamadhikṛtyāha/ evameva mañjuśrīstathāgato'rhan samyaksaṃbuddho neñjate na viṭhapati na prapañcayati na kalpayati na vikalpayati/ akalpo'vikalpo'citto'manasikāraḥ śītibhūto'nutpādo'nirodho'dṛṣṭo'śruto'nāghrāto'nāsvādito'spṛṣṭo'nimitto'vijñaptiko'vijñapanīya ityevamādirupaśamaprabhedapradeśanirdeśaḥ/ anena svakriyāsu sarvaprapañcavikalpopaśāntatvādanābhogastathāgata iti paridīpitam/ tata ūrdhvamudāharaṇanirdeśādavaśiṣṭena granthena sarvadharmadharmatathatābhisaṃbodhamukheṣvaparapratyayābhisaṃbodhastathāgatasya paridīpitaḥ/ yatpunarante ṣoḍaśākārāṃ tathāgatabodhiṃ nirdiśyaivamāha/ tatra mañjuśrīstathāgatasyaivaṃrūpān sarvadharmānabhisaṃbudhya sattvānāṃ ca dharmadhātuṃ vyavalokyāśuddhamavimalaṃ sāṅganaṃ vikrīḍitā nāma sattveṣu mahākaruṇā pravartata iti/ anena tathāgatasyānuttarajñānakaruṇānvitatvamudbhāvitam/ tatraivaṃrūpān sarvadharmāniti yathāpūrva nirdiṣṭānabhāvasvabhāvāt/ abhisaṃbudhyeti yathābhūtamavikalpabuddhajñānena jñātvā/ sattvānāmiti niyatāniyatamithyāniyatarāśivyavaśitānām/ dharmadhātumiti svadharmatāprakṛtinirviśiṣṭattathāgatagarbham/ vyavalokyeti sarvākāramanāvaraṇena buddhacakṣuṣā dṛṣṭvā/ aśuddhaṃ kleśāvaraṇena bālapṛthagjanānām/ avimalaṃ jñeyāvaraṇena śrāvakapratyekabuddhānām/ sāṅganaṃ tadubhayānyatamaviśiṣṭatayā bodhisattvānām/ vikrīḍitā vividhā saṃpannavinayopāyamukheṣu supraviṣṭatvāt/ sattveṣu mahākaruṇā pravartata iti samatayā sarvasattvanimittamabhisaṃbuddhabodheḥ svadharmatādhigamasaṃprāpaṇāśayatvāt/ yadita ūrdhvamanuttarajñānakaruṇāpravṛtterasamadharmacakrapravartanābhinirhāraprayogāśraṃsanamiyamanayoḥ parārthakaraṇe śaktirveditavyā/ tatraiṣāmeva yathākramaṃ ṣaṇṇāṃ tathāgataguṇānāmādyaistribhirasaṃskṛtādibhiryogaḥ svārthasaṃpat/ tribhiravaśiṣṭairjñānādibhiḥ parārthasaṃpat/ api khalu jñānena paramanityopaśāntipadasvābhisaṃbodhisthānaguṇāt svārthasaṃpat paridīpitā/ karuṇāśaktibhyāmanuttaramahādharmacakrapravṛttisthānaguṇāt parārthasaṃpaditi/

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

偈言

非初非中後自性無為體及法體寂靜故自然應知唯內身自證故不依他知如是三覺知慈心為說道智悲及力等拔苦煩惱刺初三句自利後三句利他

此偈明何義遠離有為名為無為應知又有為者生住滅法無彼有為是故佛體非初中後故得名為無為法身應知偈言佛體無前際[＊]及無中間際[＊]亦復無後際故又復遠離一切戲論虛妄分別寂靜體故名為自然應知偈言寂靜故不依他知者不依他因緣證知故不依他因緣證知者不依他因緣生故不依他因緣生者自覺不依他覺故如是依於如來無為法身相故一切佛事無始世來自然而行常不休息如是希有不可思議諸佛境界不從他聞不從他聞者不從師聞自自在智無言之體而自覺知偈言自覺知故既自覺知已然後為他生盲眾生令得覺知為彼證得無為法身說無上道是故名為無上智悲應知偈言既自覺知已為欲令他知是故為彼說無畏常恒道故無畏

常恒道者明道無畏是常是恒以出世間不退轉法如是次第又拔他苦煩惱根本如來智慧慈悲及神力如是三句刀金剛杵譬喻示現又以何者為苦根本略說言之謂三有中生名色是又何者為煩惱根本謂身見等虛妄邪見疑戒取等又名色者是彼所攝所生苦芽應知如來智慧慈悲心等能割彼芽以是義故說刀譬喻偈言佛能執持彼智慧慈悲刀故割截諸苦芽故又邪見疑所攝煩惱見道遠離以世間智所不能知稠林煩惱不能破壞如世間中樹林牆等彼相似法以如來力能破壞彼以是故說金剛杵喻偈言及妙金剛杵故摧碎諸見山覆藏顛倒意及一切稠林故此六種句如來莊嚴智慧光明入一切佛境界經中次第顯說應知應云何知彼經中言文殊師利如來應正遍知不生不滅者此明如來無為之相又復次說無垢清淨琉璃地中帝釋王身鏡像現等如是乃至九種譬喻皆明如來不生不滅又言文殊師利如來應正遍知清淨法身亦復如是不動不生心不戲論不分別不分別無分別不思無思不思議無念寂滅寂靜不生不滅不可見不可聞不可嗅不可嘗不可觸無諸相不可覺不可知如是等句皆說寂靜差別之相此明何義明佛一切所作事中遠離一切戲論分別寂靜自然次說餘殘修多羅彼中說言如實覺知一切法門者此明如來不依他故證大菩提又復次說如來菩提有十六種是故經言文殊師利如來如是如

實覺知一切諸法觀察一切眾生法性不淨有垢有點奮迅於諸眾生大悲現前此明如來無上智悲應知文殊師利如來如是如實覺知一切法者如向前說無體為體如實覺知者如實無分別佛智知故觀察一切眾生法性者乃至邪聚眾生如我身中法性法體法界如來藏等彼諸眾生亦復如是無有差別如來智眼了了知故不淨者以諸凡夫煩惱障故有垢者以諸聲聞辟支佛等有智障故有點者以諸菩薩摩訶薩等依彼二種習氣障故奮迅者能如實知種種眾生可化方便入彼眾生可化方便種種門故大悲者成大菩提得於一切眾生平等大慈悲心為欲令彼一切眾生如佛證智如是覺知證大菩提故次於一切眾生平等轉大法輪常不休息如是三句能作他利益故名為力應知又此六句次第初三種句謂無為等功德如來法身相應示現自利益餘三種句所謂智等示現他利益又復有義以有智慧故證得第一寂靜法身是故名為自利益又依慈悲力等二句轉大法輪示現他利益

I.9

གང་ཞིག་མེད་མིན་ཡོད་མིན་ཡོད་མེད་མ་ཡིན་ཡོད་མེད་ལས་གཞན་དུའང་། །
བརྟག་པར་མི་ནུས་ངེས་ཚིག་དང་བྲལ་སོ་སོ་རང་གིས་རིག་ཞི་བ། །
དྲི་མེད་ཡེ་ཤེས་འོད་ཟེར་སྣང་ལྡན་དམིགས་པ་ཀུན་ལ་ཆགས་པ་དང་། །
སྡང་དང་རབ་རིབ་རྣམ་པར་འཇོམས་མཛད་དམ་ཆོས་ཉི་མ་དེ་ལ་འདུད། །

Inscrutable as neither nonexistent nor existent nor [both] existent and nonexistent nor other than existent and nonexistent,
Free from etymological interpretation, to be personally experienced, and peaceful—
I pay homage to this sun of the dharma, which shines the light of stainless wisdom
And defeats passion, aggression, and [mental] darkness with regard to all focal objects.

French

यो नासन्न च सन्न चापि सदसन्नान्यः सतो नासतो
ऽसक्यस्तर्कयितुं निरुक्त्यपगतः प्रत्यात्मवेद्यः शिवः
तस्मै धर्मदिवाकराय विमलज्ञानावभासत्विषे
सर्वारम्वण रागदोषतिमिरव्याघातकर्त्रे नमः

非有亦非無亦復非有無
亦非即於彼亦復不離彼
不可得思量非聞慧境界
出離言語道內心知清涼
彼真妙法日清淨無塵垢
大智慧光明普照諸世間
能破諸曀障覺觀貪瞋癡
一切煩惱等故我今敬禮

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

Then, since the jewel of the dharma arises from the jewel of the Buddha, after the [presentation of the Buddha], there follows a verse on the [dharma]:

Inscrutable as neither nonexistent nor existent nor [both] existent and nonexistent nor other than existent and nonexistent,

Free from etymological interpretation, to be personally experienced, and peaceful—{J11}

I pay homage to this sun of the dharma, which shines the light of stainless wisdom

And defeats passion, aggression, and [mental] darkness with regard to all focal objects.^[1] I.9

VT (fol. 11v.1) glosses "all objects" as "cognitive obscurations," "passion and aggression" as "afflictive obscurations," and "darkness" as bewilderment.

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

།སངས་རྒྱས་དཀོན་མཆོག་དེ་ལས་ཆོས་དཀོན་མཆོག་འབྱུང་བའི་ཕྱིར་དེའི་རྗེས་ཐོགས་སུ་དེའི་དབང་དུ་བྱས་ནས་ཚིགས་སུ་བཅད་པ། གང་ཞིག་མེད་མིན་ཡོད་མིན་ཡོད་མེད་མ་ཡིན་ཡོད་མེད་ལས་གཞན་དུའང་། །བརྟག་པར་མི་ནུས་ངེས་ཚིག་དང་བྲལ་སོ་སོ་རང་གིས་རིག་ཞི་བ། །དྲི་མེད་ཡེ་ཤེས་འོད་ཟེར་སྣང་ལྡན་དམིགས་པ་ཀུན་ལ་ཆགས་པ་དང་། །སྡང་དང་རབ་རིབ་རྣམ་པར་འཇོམས་མཛད་དམ་ཆོས་ཉི་མ་དེ་ལ་འདུད།

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

ato buddharatnāddharmaratnaprabhāvaneti tadanantaraṃ tadadhikṛtya ślokaḥ/

yo nāsanna ca sanna cāpi sadasannānyaḥ sato nāsato

'sakyastarkayituṃ niruktyapagataḥ pratyātmavedyaḥ śivaḥ/

tasmai dharmadivākarāya vimalajñānāvabhāsatviṣe

sarvāramvaṇa rāgadoṣatimiravyāghātakartre namaḥ//9//

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

已說佛寶次明法寶

究竟一乘寶性論法寶品第三

論曰依彼佛寶有真法寶以是義故次佛寶後示現法寶依彼法寶故說四偈

非有亦非無亦復非有無亦非即於彼亦復不離彼不可得思量非聞慧境界出離言語道內心知清涼

彼真妙法日清淨無塵垢

大智慧光明普照諸世間能破諸曀障覺觀貪瞋癡一切煩惱等故我今敬禮

I.10

བསམ་མེད་གཉིས་མེད་རྟོག་མེད་པ། །
དག་གསལ་གཉེན་པོའི་ཕྱོགས་ཉིད་ཀྱིས། །
གང་ཞིག་གང་གིས་ཆགས་བྲལ་བ། །
བདེན་གཉིས་མཚན་ཉིད་ཅན་དེ་ཆོས། །

By virtue of its being inconceivable, free from the dual, nonconceptual,
Pure, manifesting, and a remedial factor,
It is what is and what makes free from attachment, respectively—
The dharma that is characterized by the two realities.

French

अचिन्त्याद्वयनिष्कल्पशुद्धिव्यक्तिविपक्षतः
यो येन च विरागोऽसौ धर्मः सत्यद्विलक्षणः

不思議不二無分淨現對
依何得何法離法二諦相

Verse page

Select a language to view commentary on this verse.

Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2015: pp. 331-460.

What is taught by this?

By virtue of its being inconceivable, free from the dual, nonconceptual,

Pure, manifesting, and a remedial factor,^[1]

It is what is and what makes free from attachment, respectively—

The dharma that is characterized by the two realities. I.10

This [verse] describes the jewel of the dharma in brief as consisting of eight qualities. {D80a} What are these eight qualities? They are its being inconceivable, free from the dual, nonconceptual, pure, making manifest, being a counteractive factor, being free from attachment, and being the cause of being free from attachment.

J vipakṣa/pratipakṣa, which literally means "opponent" or "adversary,"but for stylistic reasons, I follow the Tibetan gnyen po.

Asaṅga (thogs med). Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā, (theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa). Translated by Sajjana and rngog blo ldan shes rab. In Derge Tengyur (sde dge bstan 'gyur), (D 4025) sems tsam, phi 74b1-129a7, Vol. 123 pp. 148-257.

BDRC

།འདིས་ཅི་བསྟན་ཞེ་ན། བསམ་མེད་གཉིས་མེད་རྟོག་མེད་པ། །དག་གསལ་གཉེན་པོའི་ཕྱོགས་ཉིད་ཀྱིས། །གང་ཞིག་གང་གིས་ཆགས་བྲལ་བ། །བདེན་གཉིས་མཚན་ཉིད་ཅན་དེ་ཆོས། །འདིས་ནི་མདོར་བསྡུ་ན་ཡོན་ཏན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱིས་བསྡུས་པའི་ཆོས་དཀོན་

མཆོག་བརྗོད་དོ། །ཡོན་ཏན་བརྒྱད་གང་ཞེ་ན། བསམ་དུ་མེད་པ་ཉིད་དང་། གཉིས་སུ་མེད་པ་ཉིད་དང་། རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ་མེད་པ་ཉིད་དང་། དག་པ་དང་། མངོན་པར་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པ་དང་། གཉེན་པོའི་ཕྱོགས་ཉིད་དང་། འདོད་ཆགས་དང་བྲལ་བ་དང་། འདོད་ཆགས་དང་བྲལ་བའི་རྒྱུའོ།

Johnston, E. H. and Chowdhury, T. The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānanottaratantraśāstra. Patna: Bihar Research Society, 1950. Digital input provided by the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project, Miroj Shakya proof reader. University of the West, 2007.

anena kiṃ darśitam/

acintyādvayaniṣkalpaśuddhivyaktivipakṣataḥ/

yo yena ca virāgo'sau dharmaḥ satyadvilakṣaṇaḥ//10//

anena samāsato'ṣṭābhirguṇaiḥ saṃgṛhītaṃ dharmaratnamudbhāvitam/ aṣṭau guṇāḥ katame/ acintyatvamadvayatā nirvikalpatā śuddhirabhivyaktikaraṇaṃ pratiparkṣatā virāgo virāgaheturiti/

Unknown (credited in East Asian Buddhist traditions to Jianyi 堅意, or *Sāramati). Ratnagotravibhāga (Jiu jing yi cheng bao xing lun). Translated by Ratnamati (Lenamoti 勒那摩提). Taishō no. 1611. CBETA, SAT.

此偈示現何義偈言

不思議不二無分淨現對依何得何法離法二諦相此偈略明法寶所攝八種功德何等為八一者不可思議二者不二三者無分別四者淨五者顯現六者對治七者離果八者離因

Verses loading...
This may take a minute.

[1] English translation by Karl Brunnhölzl, When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2014. All footnotes are from same following the numbers in the printed book. French translation by Christian Charrier and Patrick Carré. Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule (Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra). Avec le commentaire de Jamgön Kongtrul Lodreu Thayé ('jam mgon kong sprul blo gros mtha' yas) L'Incontestable Rugissement du lion. Tsadra Foundation Series. Plazac, France: Éditions Padmakara, 2019.

[2] Brunnhölzl, When the Clouds Part, p. 1060: Throughout this translation of RGVV, numbers preceded by J, D, and P in "{ }" indicate the page numbers of Johnston’s Sanskrit edition and the folio numbers of the Tibetan versions in the Derge and Peking Tengyur, respectively. In my translation, I have relied on the corrections of the Sanskrit in Takasaki 1966a, 396–99; Kano 2006, 545; de Jong 1968; and Schmithausen 1971; as well as on most of the latter two’s corrections of Takasaki’s and Obermiller’s (1984) English renderings. In the notes on my translation, D and P without any numbers refer to the Tibetan translation of RGVV in the Derge and Peking Tengyur, respectively, while C indicates its version in the Chinese canon.

[3] The Tibetan versions [DP] have "I pay homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas."

[4] I generally render vajrapada—lit. "vajra foot(ing)"—as "vajra point." Among the many meanings of pada, those that are relevant here are "footing" (or "basis") and "word."

[5] Compare the explanation of "vajra"in the Eighth Karmapa’s Lamp (15–16): "The means to generate the actual type of realization of the vajra-like samādhi are as follows. In the beginning, the minds and mental factors of ordinary beings are made pure through the power of the triad of study, reflection, and meditation. Thereafter, without having to rely on the power of any [element] among the triad of study, reflection, and meditation, but in a self-arisen manner, the vajra-like wisdom of realization is able to overcome the hosts of ignorance right upon the light of wisdom’s meeting them for a single moment at the same time. This is just as the orb of the sun, in a single instant of its shining, roots out completely the darkness of the latent tendencies of ignorance. This is the meaning of ‘vajra,’ and therefore it is [also] the meaning of ‘the seven vajra points’ in the Uttaratantra."JKC (10–12) explains the following on what the Uttaratantra teaches and the meaning of "vajra." The basis of explanation of the Uttaratantra is the heart of the matter taught by the Buddha, which is that "all sentient beings always possess the tathāgata heart." Though there are infinite different approaches of explaining this by following distinct scriptures, reasonings, and meditations in both India and Tibet, the masters of the Madhyamaka of definitive meaning assert the following. The entirety of the definitive meanings of all three dharma wheels is included in the two kinds of identitylessness. The ultimate meaning of these is the emptiness of the duality of apprehender and apprehended in terms of persons and in terms of phenomena. However, the manner of being empty is not just a nonimplicative negation. Madhyāntavibhāga I.20 says:
Emptiness here is the nonbeing

Of persons and phenomena.

The real being of this nonbeing

In it is another emptiness.

Accordingly, it is the manner of being empty that is an implicative negation—the essence of self-lucid self-awareness—that is taught as the tathāgata heart in the context of the Uttaratantra. This is the vajra of the definitive meaning, which becomes threefold through being divided by its phases, as in Uttaratantra I.47:

Its being impure, its being both impure and pure,

And its being completely pure, in due order,

Are expressed as "sentient being,"

"Bodhisattva," and "tathāgata."

Its phase of not being pure of adventitious stains is described as "sentient being," and this expanse is also called "disposition" or "the basic element that is the tathāgata heart." Its phase of possessing both impurity and purity is described as the persons who have entered the path, and from the perspective of isolates, the expanse represents the dharma and the saṃgha. That is, from the perspective of the isolate that is the mere wisdom of the path of seeing, it is the saṃgha. From the perspective of the uninterrupted path, it is the path. From the perspective of the path of liberation and its distinctive features, it is cessation. Its phase of being completely pure is described as the Tathāgata and so on, and the expanse is called "dharmakāya." If this is divided in terms of isolates, it is threefold—awakening, the qualities, and enlightened activity. Therefore, through these internal subdivisions, that vajra is also taught as the seven vajra points. It is easy to understand that the entire definitive meaning of the two latter dharma wheels is included in it, but you may wonder how the definitive meaning of the first wheel—personal identitylessness—is included in it. The basis of purification, the means of purification, and the result of purification of the inferior paths are all included in the suchness with stains. Therefore, the main topic of this treatise is the tathāgata heart, and one should understand that the entirety of the definitive meanings of all three dharma wheels is included in it.

[6] Skt. artha can also mean "topic" or "meaning," as in a meaning and the words that express it. However, as made clear in the preceding sentence, here the term refers to the actual true nature of all phenomena, which is not a semantic, conceptual, or abstract meaning or topic, but something to be perceived directly. GC (20.25–21.6) also makes this very clear, saying that the seven vajra points are very difficult to be understood through study and reflection because these two are conceptual and the actuality of the vajra points cannot be made a direct object of conceptions. Rather, this actuality is the object of what has the nature of the personally experienced direct perception that arises from meditation. Since this actuality is to be personally experienced and thus is inexpressible, it cannot arise right away on the basis of words. However, it still serves as the subject matter of this treatise because this text teaches the cognitions of study and reflection that represent the causes that accord with, and are the path to, attaining what is to be personally experienced. This is similar to expressing the city Pātaliputra when saying, "This is the way leading to Pāṭaliputra." The same is said in Uttaratantra V.16.

[7] Sthirādhyāśayaparivartasūtra, D224, fol. 172b.2–3. VT (fol. 9v.2–3) glosses this passage as the Tathāgata’s being "unarisen and characterized by unconditioned wisdom."

[8] The Kangyur has the title of this text as Sthirādhyāśayaparivartasūtra.

[9] VT (fol. 9v.3) glosses "this actuality" as "the actuality of the dhātu," with "dhātu" referring to natural purity and "awakening," to the purity of being free from stains.

[10] This is inserted in accordance with DP.

[11] Though Edgerton 1953 and Takasaki 1966a take the term sattvadhātu to mean "mass of beings,"this makes no sense in the context of RGVV. Rather, as clearly explained throughout RGVV (particularly on I.48), the Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśaparivarta (see the next sentence in this quote as well as other passages from that sūtra on J40 and J41), and the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra (J6), sattvadhātu is an equivalent of tathāgatagarbha.

[12] Taishō 668, 467a. YDC (243) comments on this quote as follows. "Object" and "sphereto meditative equipoise and subsequent attainment, respectively. As for "known, seen, or discriminated," according to Ngog Lotsāwa, this refers to the knowing during preparation, main practice, and conclusion or the knowing during the paths of preparation, seeing, and familiarization. According to Shang Chökyi Lama, this refers to the knowing through study, reflection, and meditation.

[13] D45.48, fol. 269a.1–2.

[14] J dharmakāyaḥ so ’yam avinirbhāgadharmā ’vinirmuktajñānaguṇo, DP chos kyi sku gang yin pa de ni ’di lta ste . . . de bzhin gshegs pa’i chos dag dang / rnam par dbyer med pa’i chos dang ldan pa ma bral ba’i ye shes kyi yon tan can yin no. Schmithausen 1971 suggests to understand the compound avinirmuktajñāna° as vinirmuktatvena jñānam yeṣām na bhavati ("with which knowing them to be divisible [from the dharmakāya] never happens"). The corresponding passage grol bas shes pa in the Śrīmālādevīsūtra (D45.48, fol. 272b.1) seems to support that (though it should read ma grol bas shes pa, which is instead found for the afflictions, which are actually realized as being divisible). Schmithausen also suggests a second possibility of reading this compound as vinirmuktaṃ jñānaṃ yeṣām na bhavati ("whose realization is not divisible [from the realization of the dharmakāya]"). I follow Schmithausen 1971 and Mathes 2008a in translating "qualities that cannot be realized as being divisible" (which corresponds to how the Śrīmālādevīsūtra uses this phrase). However, guṇa is here in the singular, which seems also how GC (24.15–17) understands it (though taking avinirmuktajñāna to mean "inseparable wisdom"). GC comments that the dharmakāya is endowed with inseparable attributes because they are of the same nature as buddha wisdom. Even at the time of being obscured by the afflictions, it possesses the quality of inseparable wisdom (or the feature of wisdom’s being inseparable from it). In brief since the tathāgata heart and its qualities have a connection of identity, the term "kāya" refers to "nature."

[15] Taishō 668, 467a.

[16] D185, fol. 187b.4–5.

[17] The actual title of this sūtra is Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśasasūtra.

[18] The actual first chapter of this sūtra is called "Array of Ornaments" (rgyan bkod pa zhes bya ba ’dus pa’i le’u; D147, fols. 154a.1–179a.7). However, as we will see, what RGVV calls "introductory section"extends into the next section of the sūtra, which contains the discussion of the various attributes of bodhisattvas and buddhas, but is not marked as a separate chapter. According to GC (25.10–11) and RYC (6), the fourth vajra point (the basic element) is discussed in the section on the attributes of bodhisattvas, while the last three vajra points are found in the section on the attributes of a buddha.

[19] D147, fol. 142a.4–5. The last phrase is translated in accordance with the sūtra and RGVV (DP), while the Sanskrit of RGVV has the compound anantaśiṣyagaṇasuvinītaḥ, which is to be read as a bahuvrīhi with the different meaning "[the Bhagavān by whom] limitless assemblies of disciples were superbly guided." The same phrase is quoted again in RGVV and is adapted in accordance with the sūtra. However, right thereafter, RGVV clearly explains the above compound to mean "[the Buddha] is the one who has superbly guided [disciples] in a progressive manner to the awakening of śrāvakas and the awakening of buddhas." Thus, the author of RGVV either had a different manuscript of the sūtra or interpreted this phrase differently.

[20] This phrase is missing in MA, MB, and GC, but J adds the compound anuttaradharmabhāṇakatvasaṃpannaḥ in accordance with DP and C (which is further confirmed by the same phrase appearing in CMW, 437).

[21] As attributes of the Buddha, this list is also found in the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fol. 142a.5.

[22] As already mentioned, different from what the sūtra says, RGVV’s Sanskrit compound anantaśiṣyagaṇasuvinītatāṃ here is to be read as "the fact that limitless assemblies of disciples were superbly guided [by the Bhagavān]." This is also clear from RGVV’s explanation as to where the Buddha guided his disciples ("the awakening of śrāvakas and the awakening of buddhas").

[23] Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, fol. 142a.6–142b.2.

[24] Ibid., fol. 143a.1.

[25] I follow °maṇḍalamāda° in MB and VT (fol. 9v5) against J °maṇḍalavyūha°.

[26] Lit. "bull-like samādhi."

[27] Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, fols. 143a.2–152a.2.

[28] Ibid., fols. 152a.2–153b.6.

[29] Ibid., fols. 153b.6–157a.6.

[30] The actual first chapter of the sūtra ends after the preceding section (that is, fol. 157a.6).

[31] Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, fols. 157a.6–159a.6. For the identification of these passages in the sūtra, see also CMW and Kano 2006, 605–8.

[32] C, CMW (447–48), GC (30.9–14), and Ngog Lotsāwa’s commentary (Rngog lo tsā ba blo ldan shes rab 1993b, fol. 16b.2) all confirm that this example comes from the Daśabhūmikasūtra. The corresponding passage says: "O sons of the victors, it is as follows. For example, to whichever extent pure gold is heated in a fire by a skilled goldsmith, to that extent it becomes refined, pure, and pliable as he pleases. O sons of the victors, likewise, to the extent that bodhisattvas make offerings to the buddha bhagavāns, make efforts in maturing sentient beings, and are in a state of adopting these kinds of dharmas that purify the bhūmis, to that extent their roots of virtue that they dedicate to omniscience will become refined, pure, and pliable as they please" (for the Sanskrit, see Mathes 2008a, 505).

[33] Skt. vaiḍūrya. Though this term is often rendered as "lapis lazuli"in translations, this is wrong. The Western name "beryl," chemical formula Be3Al2(SiO3)6, derives from Latin beryllus and Greek beryllos, which come from the Prakrit veruliya and the Sanskrit vaiḍūrya, which is of Dravidian origin and means "to become pale" (interestingly, the word "brilliance" also derives from beryllus). Originally, this term referred to "a precious blue-green color-of-sea-water stone" (usually some kind of aquamarine) but later became used for the mineral beryl in general. Pure beryl is colorless (which is very rare), but there are many varieties of different colors due to its being mixed with other minerals. Beryl crystals range from very small to several meters in size and many tons in weight. The main varieties are aquamarine (blue), emerald (green), golden beryl (pale yellow to brilliant gold), heliodor (green-yellow), Morganite (pink or rose-colored), and red beryl.

[34] VT (fol. 9v5–6) glosses this as kāñjikādi (kāñjika means "sour gruel" or "water of boiled rice in a state of spontaneous fermentation").

[35] VT (fol. 9v6) reads gaṇḍikā ("piece of wood"), which fits with the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra and C saying "a piece of wood covered with a cloth." However, VT gives tikṣṇarajaḥ ("acid dust") as its synonym.

[36] Skt. mahābhaiṣajyarasa, which here seems to refer to mercury (in itself, rasa can also mean mercury, which is used as one of the most potent ingredients in āyurvedic and Tibetan medicine). As for the three cleansing liquids, Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra and DP agree with J on the last one. As for the first two, 'Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra has "alkali" and "caustic mercury,"while DP say "caustic salty water" and "caustic food liquid" (D mistakenly has zangs instead of zas). YDC (330) says that according to Ngog Lotsāwa and Chaba Chökyi Sengé, the three are "rock salt," "fish broth," and "mercury," while Patsab Lotsāwa speaks of "alkali," "the three fruits (chebulic, beleric, and emblic myrobalans)," and "sulfur." Glosses in RYC (17) say "alkali," "fish broth," and "mercury or a toxic liquid." Thus, this cleansing process here begins with an alkaline solution, continues with an acidic one, and ends with quicksilver.

[37] These are the three doors to liberation taught extensively in the prajñāpāramitā sūtras—the nature of phenomena is emptiness, causes lack any signs or defining characteristics, and the appearance of results is not bound to expectations or wishes.

[38] VT (fol. 9v6) glosses this as "the discourses of the mahāyāna."

[39] Usually, this means to be free from the three notions of agent, object, and action. However, the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra (D147, fol. 177a.6–7) itself explains this purity of the three spheres as follows: "What is the termination of the three spheres? It is that [state] in which mind does not engage in the past, consciousness does not run after the future, and there is no mental engagement in what occurs at present. Since this is the nonabiding of mind, mentation, and consciousness, there is no conceiving of the past, no thinking about the future, and no discursiveness about what occurs at present." In effect, this means that all eight consciousnesses do not operate in this state ("mind" refers to the ālaya-consciousness, "mentation" to the afflicted mind, and "consciousness" to the six remaining consciousnesses). Naturally, mind’s not engaging in the three times as described is reminiscent of similar instructions in the Mahāmudrā tradition. GC (41.7–11) explains the purity of the three spheres according to Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra XII.11ab and its Bhāṣya, which comments that this purity is threefold in terms of that through which buddhas teach (speech and words), how they teach (in the form of instructions and so on), and those who are taught (those who understand through concise or through elaborate statements). Thus, GC says that this refers to the pure speech of those who explain the dharma (such as those who are renowned at Nālandā), the pure dharma to be explained, and the pure mind streams of the disciples.

[40] Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fol. 215b.1–7. GC (41.11–24) explains "the dharma wheel of irreversibility" as follows. Since wisdom is irreversible on the eighth bhūmi, it is called "the bhūmi of irreversibility." This means that before that, some people become tired of sitting on a cushion and meditating, thus rising from their cushion as well as from their meditative equipoise. Thus, they do not have poised readiness for meditative equipoise. On the eighth bhūmi, bodhisattvas do not rise from their resting in meditative equipoise in the nature of nonarising. Therefore, it is referred to as "poised readiness for nonarising." Since it also means being irreversible from unarisen wisdom, the teachings that are primarily given on this bhūmi are called "irreversible." Since they are transferred into the mind streams of disciples, they are called a "wheel," which consists of the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra and the other sūtras belonging to this dharma wheel of irreversibility. Those to be guided directly by this dharma wheel are "sentient beings with various causal natures,"with "natures" referring to their dispositions. These sentient beings are the results arisen from different dispositions and thus possess them as their causes. This corresponds to the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra speaking of "those who have entered all yānas." The fruition of this dharma wheel is "to enter the domain of the tathāgatas"—suchness or the nature of phenomena. Thus, such bodhisattvas realize the true nature of a tathāgata, such as knowing the minds of sentient beings in terms of the true nature of these minds, and, upon having become buddhas, attain the arhathood of the unsurpassable yāna. Therefore, they are called "unsurpassable venerable ones" (see also n. 1183 on "irreversible bodhisattvas"). As for the three dharma wheels with respect to the example of cleansing a beryl, GC (42.25–43.2) says that the first one washes away the afflictions that arise from views about a self. The second one purifies coarse and subtle thoughts of clinging to (real) entities. The third one purifies what are called "the appearances of objects in the mind" because these are obstructions to seeing the tathāgata heart well. Note that GC (44.20–74.26; Mathes 2008a, 243–304) goes into great detail in establishing the superiority of the third dharma wheel in all respects. The Eighth Situpa, in his introduction to the table of contents of the Derge Kangyur (Chos kyi ’byung gnas 1988, 52–53), says that the three wheels of turning the dharma as presented in the Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchāsūtra are the wheel that speaks of revulsion toward saṃsāra, the wheel about the three doors to liberation, and the irreversible wheel. As for the rationale behind this division, according to the Uttaratantra (II.41 and II.57–59), those to be guided enter the path of peace (of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas) through first being exhorted by way of the teaching on developing revulsion toward their attachment to saṃsāra. Then, through speaking about emptiness, they are matured in the mahāyāna. Finally, through the contents of the irreversible wheel, they engage in the object of all tathāgatas and receive the great prophecy about their own awakening (on the eighth bhūmi). The Seventh Karmapa’s commentary on the Abhisamayālaṃkāra (Chos grags rgya mtsho n.d., 74–84) compares the three turnings in the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra and the three stages in the Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchāsūtra, concluding that the first and second stages match perfectly in terms of both their topics and recipients, while the third ones are not the same. For the wheel of irreversibility in the Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchāsūtra corresponds to the teachings on the tathāgata heart in general and the third phase explained in the Uttaratantra. The Eighth Karmapa’s commentary on the Abhisamayālaṃkāra (Mi bskyod rdo rje 2003, 1:32–35) agrees with this and elaborates as follows. "The wheel of prophecy"in the Uttaratantra is the dharma wheel that teaches that all sentient beings are endowed with the tathāgata heart. It is obvious that Maitreya coined this conventional terminology as a comment on the presentation in the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra. As for Maitreya’s third "wheel of prophecy" and Nāgārjuna’s third "wheel that puts an end to all views,"Karmapa Rangjung Dorje said that these two come down to the same essential point in a general way, in the sense that whatever is the final wheel must necessarily be the wheel that teaches freedom from reference points. However, more specifically, Nāgārjuna’s final "wheel that puts an end to all views" states nothing but sheer freedom from reference points, while Maitreya’s final "wheel of prophecy" explains that wisdom free from reference points is the distinctive feature of what is to be experienced by personally experienced wisdom. This is the only difference in terms of these two wheels not representing the same essential point. As for what is of expedient and definitive meaning in the three wheels in the Uttaratantra, the Eighth Karmapa quotes the great Kashmiri paṇḍita Ratnavajra as follows: "The wheel that introduces to the path of peace is the expedient meaning. The wheel of maturation is the wheel that is predominantly of definitive meaning and contains some parts of expedient meaning. The wheel of prophecy is the wheel of nothing but the definitive meaning." According to the Seventh Karmapa (Chos grags rgya mtsho n.d., 85), in themselves, the Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchāsūtra and the Uttaratantra do not explicitly make a distinction in terms of expedient and definitive meaning. However, Asaṅga’s RGVV (J76; D4025, fols. 113b.7–114a.4) states that Uttaratantra I.155, through saying that the buddha heart is empty of adventitious stains but not empty of being the buddha heart, teaches the unmistaken emptiness by virtue of its being free from the extremes of superimposition and denial. Thus, implicitly, these texts hold that statements about the buddha heart’s being empty (of itself) are of expedient meaning. Ngog Lotsāwa’s commentary on the Uttaratantra (Rngog lo tsā ba blo ldan shes rab 1993b, fols. 1b.2–2a.1) also connects the dharma wheel of irreversibility with the Uttaratantra, saying that the latter explains the true reality of the meaning of the mahāyāna—the intention of the sūtras of definitive meaning (the irreversible dharma wheel), which teach the dharmadhātu as the single principle. The other four Maitreya works, through explaining the meanings of the sūtras of expedient meaning, make beings into suitable vessels for this perfect dharma because they present seeming reality as well as the ultimate that is based on the thinking of others. For further details on the three turnings of the wheel of dharma, see Bu ston rin chen grub 1931, 2:45–56; Brunnhölzl 2004, 527–49; Brunnhölzl 2010, 23–28 and 213–15; and Brunnhölzl 2012a, 48–49).

[41] CMW (448) says that this verse is from the Laṅkāvatārasūtra. However, this sūtra contains only a partly similar verse (X.751; translated from the Sanskrit):
The color of gold and the pure gold

In gravel become visible

Through cleansing it—so it is with the ālaya

In the skandhas of sentient beings.

The Tibetan version ends with "so it is with sentient beings in the skandhas." Note also that RGVV’s verse is in Prakrit, while there is no known Prakrit version of the Laṅkāvatārasūtra. The Ghanavyūhasūtra (D110, fol. 7b.1–3) also contains a verse that corresponds closely to the first three lines of the verse in question:
In pulverized stone,

Gold does not appear to exist.

Through specific cleansing activities,

The gold will appear.

GC (44.18–19) quotes this verse from the Ghanavyūhasūtra and identifies it as the basis of RGVV’s citation. The lines that follow this verse in that sūtra say that if one cleanses entities such as the skandhas, dhātus, and āyatanas, buddha does not exist as an entity. However, that does not mean that buddha is nonexistent—those endowed with yoga see the buddha possessing the thirty-two major marks. Another verse in the same sūtra (D110, fol. 13a.5) says:
The tathāgata heart

Abides like gold in stone.

Mentation arises from the ālaya,

And so does the mental consciousness.

[42] These are discipline, samādhi, prajñā, and dhāraṇī (Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 159a.6–167b.1). In due order, VT (fol. 9v6–7) glosses them as not harming sentient beings, loving-kindness, inquisitiveness, and not lacking recollection. According to GC (75.18–19), these four are called "ornaments" because, just as people delight in ornaments adorning the body, one’s retinue takes delight when one possesses these four factors.

[43] According to VT (fols. 9v7–10r2), these are the illuminations that consist of (1) mindfulness (not letting previously accomplished virtue be lost and striving for virtue not yet accomplished), (2) insight (into the meaning, not just letters), (3) realization (of all phenomena and the intentions of all sentient beings), (4) dharmas (mundane and supramundane dharmas), (5) wisdom (the characteristics of the wisdom of stream-enterers up through buddhas), (6) reality (through being in accordance with reality, being disciplined, and attaining all the fruitions such as stream-enterer), (7) the supernatural knowledges (the illumination of seeing due to beholding all forms through the divine eye and so on), and (8) practice (the illuminations of wisdom and prajñā through practice). The Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra (D147, fols. 167b.1–171a.1) explains the first seven of the eight illuminations as being eightfold and the eighth one as being ninefold. According to GC (76.10), they are called "illuminations" because the entire mahāyāna path is seen through them.

[44] These are the ways in which bodhisattvas aspire to teach the dharma in order to eliminate sixteen sets of flaws of sentient beings, beginning with thinking, (1) "I will teach the dharma to sentient beings who are bound by the views about a real personality and are mixed up with various views, in order that they relinquish all their views." Furthermore, bodhisattvas aspire to teach the dharma to sentient beings who (2) entertain the fourfold mistakenness of taking what is impermanent to be permanent, suffering to be happiness, what is without a self to be a self, and what is repulsive to be beautiful, in order that these beings relinquish all these mistakennesses, (3) cling to "me" and what is mine and take nonentities to be entities, in order that these beings relinquish their clinging to "me" and what is mine, (4) are obscured by the five obscurations of being tormented by desire, having a lot of anger, being attached to dullness and sleep, having regrets about what is not genuine, and not having gained certainty about the profound dharma, in order that these beings relinquish all these obscurations, (5) are attached by way of the six āyatanas, that is, cling to the characteristics of forms, sounds, scents, tastes, tangible objects, and phenomena that they perceive through their six consciousnesses, in order that these beings relinquish such attachment, (6) entertain pride (feeling superior to inferior beings), excessive pride (feeling superior to one’s peers), overbearing pride (feeling superior to those who are superior to oneself), self-centered pride (claiming everything from form to consciousness as being the self—thinking, "I am all that makes up my existence"), showing-off pride (pride in qualities that one does not actually have), pri e of thinking less of oneself (saying, "I am so insignificant compared to those great beings" with the implication that one can never reach the greatness of one’s teachers but that one is quite important due to having such teachers), and perverted pride (pride about a wrong view’s being the correct view or pride about having something that is actually not a positive quality), in order that these beings relinquish all aspects of pride, (7) have entered bad paths and lack the path of the noble ones, in order that these beings relinquish bad paths and make them attain the path of the noble ones, (8) are the slaves of their craving, cling to wives and children, and, due to lacking self-control, cannot judge themselves, in order that these beings have self-control, are able to judge themselves, and are enabled to go where they like to, (9) are in discord with each other and have a lot of anger, hatred, and malice for each other, in order that these beings relinquish their anger, hatred, and malice, (10) are under the sway of evil companions, lack spiritual friends, and commit evil actions, in order that these being are taken care of by spiritual friends and abandon their evil companions, (11) are over- whelmed by attachment, are not content, and lack the prajñā of the noble ones, in order that these beings relinquish attachment and give rise to the prajñā of the noble ones, (12) regard any maturation of karma as nonexistent and dwell in views about permanence or extinction, in order to introduce these beings to profound dependent origination and the law of karma, (13) are blinded by ignorance and dullness and cling to a self, a sentient being, a life-force, a life-sustainer, an individual, and a person, in order that these beings purify the eye of the prajñā of the noble ones and relinquish all views, (14) delight in saṃsāra and are in the grip of the executioners of the five skandhas, in order to help them emerge from all three realms, (15) are bound by the fetters that are the nooses of the māras and who dwell in deceit and conceit, in order to liberate these beings from all these fetters and have them relinquish their deceit and conceit, and to (16) those for whom the door to nirvāṇa is closed while the door to the lower realms is open, in order to open the door to nirvāṇa and close the door to the lower realms. Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 171a.1–172b.4. VT (fol. 10r2–6) agrees with these explanations, providing them in abbreviated form.

[45] On the basis of the sixteen kinds of great compassion, these thirty-two remedy thirty-two forms of improper states of mind or behaviors of beings. Both the sūtra and VT call them "the thirty-two unique activities of bodhisattvas." (1) Bodhisattvas see that sentient beings are asleep in the sleep of ignorance, while they themselves have awoken through prajñā, thus awakening sentient beings through prajñā. (2) Seeing that sentient beings aspire for what is small or inferior, while they aspire for what is vast, they make sentient beings embrace the mahāyāna. (3) Seeing that sentient beings wish for what is not the dharma, while they abide in the dharma, they establish them in wishing for the dharma. (4) Seeing that sentient beings engage in impure livelihood, while they have pure livelihood, they establish them in pure livelihood. (5) Seeing that sentient beings are drowning in wrong views, while they engage in the correct view, they establish them in the correct view of the noble ones. (6) Seeing that sentient beings are unaware and are immersed in improper mental engagement, while they dwell in proper mental engagement that accords with awareness, they establish them in such proper mental engagement. (7) Seeing that sentient beings abide in wrong dharmas, while they engage in the right dharma, they teach them the dharma in order to make them practice the right dharma. (8) Seeing that sentient beings are miserly and thus have a state of mind of clinging, while they give away all material things, they establish them in giving away all such things. (9) Seeing that sentient beings have bad discipline and do not abide by the vows, while they abide by correct discipline, they establish them in the vows of discipline. (10) Seeing that sentient beings have a lot of malice and anger, while they abide in the power of patience and in love, they establish them in the power of patience and in love. (11) Seeing that sentient beings are lazy and have little vigor, while they lack laziness and apply vigor, they establish them in applying vigor. (12) Seeing that sentient beings are distracted and weak in mindfulness, while they rest in meditative equipoise and cultivate samādhi, they establish them in nondistraction, mindfulness, and alertness. (13) Seeing that sentient beings possess corrupted prajñā and thus are inferior and dull, while they possess prajñā and lack dullness, they establish them in great prajñā and being free from dullness. (14) Seeing that sentient beings fall into what is not appropriate and commit improper actions, while they are endowed with skillful means and commit right actions, they establish them in skillful means and committing right actions. (15) Seeing that sentient beings are overwhelmed by their afflictions and engage in the sphere of imagination, conception, and ideation, while they have turned away from all afflictions, they establish them in relinquishing all afflictions. 16) Seeing that sentient beings are fettered by their views about a real personality and entertain reference points, while they understand the views about a real personality and are liberated from being fettered by reference points, they establish them in fully understanding the views about a real personality and being free from reference points. (17) Seeing that sentient beings are not disciplined, restrained, and refined, while they are disciplined and so on, they establish them in being disciplined and so on. (18) Seeing that sentient beings do not repay kindness, do not know that someone has been kind to them, and thus destroy their roots of virtue, while they repay kindness, know that someone has been kind to them, and thus guard their roots of virtue, they establish them in repaying kindness, knowing that someone has been kind to them, and not wasting their roots of virtue. (19) Seeing that sentient beings are under the sway of having fallen into the four rivers and desiring nonvirtue, while they are beyond all these rivers, they establish them in being beyond all these rivers (the four rivers are ignorance, views, becoming, and craving or birth, aging, sickness, and death). The first half of VT (10v2) "[establishing] those who have come through striking with weapons in going beyond all reference points" is strange and probably corrupt (hetyā praharaṇenāgatān sarvopalambhasamatikrame; Nakamura 1992 wants to read hetvāpraharaṇāgatān sarvopalambham abhikrame and translates this as "those who are going to give up the cause overcome all thoughts (which are) construed in their mind," which is not very helpful either). (20) Seeing that sentient beings do not heed and follow advice, while they do so, they establish them in doing so too. VT (10v2) says "[establishing] those who use bad language in using good language." (21) Seeing that sentient beings are ruined in many ways and cling to what is not genuine, while they are not ruined and dwell in the nectar of virtue, they establish them in nonclinging and dwelling in the roots of virtue. (22) Seeing that sentient beings are poor and lack the riches of the noble ones, while they possess the seven riches of the noble ones, they establish them in attaining these riches (the seven riches of the noble ones are confidence, discipline, study, giving, shame, embarrassment, and prajñā). (23) Seeing that sentient beings are always sick and seized by the venomous snakes of the four elements, while their health without any disease is unchanging, they establish them in relinquishing all sickness. (24) Seeing that sentient beings are engulfed in the darkness of ignorance and lack the light of wisdom, while they have attained the light of wisdom, they establish them in the great light of wisdom. (25) Seeing that sentient beings are attached to the three realms and enter the wheel of saṃsāra of the five kinds of beings, while knowing that they themselves are experts in fully understanding the three realms, they establish them in becoming such experts. (26) Seeing that sentient beings have entered the left-sided path and lack the right-sided path, while they dwell on the right-sided path, they establish them on the right-sided path (in India, the left hand is considered impure, so "left-handed" or "left-sided" generally refers to what is impure or wrong, while "right-sided" means pure or correct). (27) Seeing that sentient beings are attached to body and life-force and do not see their flaws, while they disregard body and life-force and see their flaws, they establish them in disregarding body and life-force and seeing their flaws. (28) Seeing that sentient beings are separated from the three jewels, while they abide in not interrupting the continuum of the disposition of the three jewels, they introduce them to not interrupting the continuum of the disposition of the three jewels. (29) Seeing that sentient beings deviate from the genuine dharma, while they fully embrace that dharma, they establish them in fully embracing the dharma. (30) Seeing that sentient beings are distant from the precious teacher and lack the six recollections, while they never let go of these recollections, they establish them in cultivating the six recollections (recollecting the Buddha, the dharma, the saṃgha, discipline, giving, and deities; for details, see Brunnhölzl 2011b, 104 and 270–72). (31) Seeing that sentient beings are obscured by the obscurations of karma and afflictions, while they are free from karma and afflictions, they establish them in such freedom. (32) Seeing that sentient beings are endowed with all nonvirtuous dharmas and have relinquished all virtuous dharmas, while they have relinquished all nonvirtuous dharmas and are endowed with all virtuous dharmas, they establish them in relinquishing all nonvirtuous dharmas and perfecting all virtuous dharmas. Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 172b.4–174b.6. Apart from the exceptions mentioned above, VT (fol. 10r6–10v4) agrees with these explanations, providing them in abbreviated form.

[46] Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 175b.1–185a.6. For the contents of this sūtra passage, see CMW, 450–51.

[47] Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, D147, fols. 185a.6–215a.3. For these, see the text below and CMW, 451–52.

[48] In the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, in terms of their respective functions, the ten powers, four fearlessnesses, and eighteen unique qualities are described as "buddha activities" and are numbered as such up to thirty-two. Thus, the sūtra does not contain a separate section on thirty-two kinds of buddha activity apart from this description of the functions of the ten powers, four fearlessnesses, and eighteen unique qualities. This section is followed by a further general discussion of buddha activity (D147, fols. 215a.3–217a.4), which includes the example of purifying a beryl. For further details and variations on the correspondences and the contents of the passages in RGVV about the qualities of the three jewels up through the thirty-two kinds of enlightened activity of buddhas as presented in the Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra, see CMW (435–52) and Rngog lo tsā ba blo ldan shes rab 1993b (fols. 9a.6–19a.1; translated in Kano 2006, 391–414), and GC (75.5–78.15; translated in Mathes 2008a, 304–11).

[49] The five chapter headings to follow in this translation of RGVV are inserted by the translator in accordance with the contents and the chapter indications in RGVV at the end of each chapter.

[50] DP 'rtogs. RGVV makes it clear that this means "awakened" or "realized" (the same goes for udaya in I.7a).

[51] Often, the three qualities of wisdom, compassion, and power are presented as the three primary defining characteristics of a buddha.

[52] śāntadharmaśarīra.

[53] I follow de Jong’s emendation of ’bhipretotpādaḥ to ’bhipreto notpādaḥ, which is also supported by DP ’dod kyi skye ba ni ma yin no.

[54] MB avabodhāya against J anubodhāya.

[55] MB jātyandhabhūtānām against J jātyandhānām.

[56] I follow MB tadanugamamārga° (DP de rjes su rtogs pa’i lam) and VT (fol. 10v6) °vyapadeśa° against J tadanugāmimārgavyupadeśa.

[57] VT (fol. 10v5) says that the sword of wisdom cuts through suffering, while the vajra of compassion breaks through the wall (of views and doubts).

[58] D100, fol. 284b.3 (the insertions in "[ ]"stem from D100).

[59] This is another name of the god Indra.

[60] 'Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, fol. 280a.2–4. Note that, in the sūtra, this passage precedes the former one.

[61] Ibid., fol. 280a.4–6.

[62] J upaśamaprabhedapradeśa (DP nye bar zhi ba’i tshig gi rab tu dbye ba). According to Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, the difference between śama and upaśama is that the realization of phenomena’s not really existing results in the mind’s being free from clinging to them.

[63] J aśuddham avimalaṃ sāṅganam (DP ma dag pa dri ma dang bral ba skyon dang bcas pa). However, the Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra (D100, fol. 298a.7) has "pure, stainless, and unafflicted" (dag pa dri ma med pa nyon mongs pa med pa), which is confirmed and explained several times with regard to a number of phenomena right before that passage.

[64] Ibid., fol. 298a.6–7. In D100 this sentence reads, "Here, Mañjuśrī, [in] the Tathāgata, who has completely and perfectly realized all phenomena to be like that and has seen the basic element of sentient beings, great compassion, which is called "playful mastery,"arises for sentient beings because sentient beings are [ultimately] pure, stainless, and undefiled."

[65] With Takasaki, J abhāvasvabhāvāt is emended to abhāvasvabhāvān.

[66] See the text below (J29.1ff.) for an explanation of which sentient beings belong to which of these three groups.

[67] I follow MB °nirviśiṣṭaṃ tathāgatagarbham against J °nirviśiṣṭatathāgatagarbham.

[68] śāntadharmaśarīra.

[69] I follow de Jong’s emendation of ’bhipretotpādaḥ to ’bhipreto notpādaḥ, which is also supported by DP ’dod kyi skye ba ni ma yin no.

[70] MB avabodhāya against J anubodhāya.

[71] MB jātyandhabhūtānām against J jātyandhānām.

[72] I follow MB tadanugamamārga° (DP de rjes su rtogs pa’i lam) and VT (fol. 10v6) °vyapadeśa° against J tadanugāmimārgavyupadeśa.

[73] VT (fol. 10v5) says that the sword of wisdom cuts through suffering, while the vajra of compassion breaks through the wall (of views and doubts).

[74] D100, fol. 284b.3 (the insertions in "[ ]"stem from D100).

[75] This is another name of the god Indra.

[76] 'Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, fol. 280a.2–4. Note that, in the sūtra, this passage precedes the former one.

[77] Ibid., fol. 280a.4–6.

[78] J upaśamaprabhedapradeśa (DP nye bar zhi ba’i tshig gi rab tu dbye ba). According to Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, the difference between śama and upaśama is that the realization of phenomena’s not really existing results in the mind’s being free from clinging to them.

[79] J aśuddham avimalaṃ sāṅganam (DP ma dag pa dri ma dang bral ba skyon dang bcas pa). However, the Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra (D100, fol. 298a.7) has "pure, stainless, and unafflicted" (dag pa dri ma med pa nyon mongs pa med pa), which is confirmed and explained several times with regard to a number of phenomena right before that passage.

[80] Ibid., fol. 298a.6–7. In D100 this sentence reads, "Here, Mañjuśrī, [in] the Tathāgata, who has completely and perfectly realized all phenomena to be like that and has seen the basic element of sentient beings, great compassion, which is called "playful mastery,"arises for sentient beings because sentient beings are [ultimately] pure, stainless, and undefiled."

[81] With Takasaki, J abhāvasvabhāvāt is emended to abhāvasvabhāvān.

[82] See the text below (J29.1ff.) for an explanation of which sentient beings belong to which of these three groups.

[83] I follow MB °nirviśiṣṭaṃ tathāgatagarbham against J °nirviśiṣṭatathāgatagarbham.

[84] śāntadharmaśarīra.

[85] I follow de Jong’s emendation of ’bhipretotpādaḥ to ’bhipreto notpādaḥ, which is also supported by DP ’dod kyi skye ba ni ma yin no.

[86] MB avabodhāya against J anubodhāya.

[87] MB jātyandhabhūtānām against J jātyandhānām.

[88] I follow MB tadanugamamārga° (DP de rjes su rtogs pa’i lam) and VT (fol. 10v6) °vyapadeśa° against J tadanugāmimārgavyupadeśa.

[89] VT (fol. 10v5) says that the sword of wisdom cuts through suffering, while the vajra of compassion breaks through the wall (of views and doubts).

[90] D100, fol. 284b.3 (the insertions in "[ ]"stem from D100).

[91] This is another name of the god Indra.

[92] 'Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, fol. 280a.2–4. Note that, in the sūtra, this passage precedes the former one.

[93] Ibid., fol. 280a.4–6.

[94] J upaśamaprabhedapradeśa (DP nye bar zhi ba’i tshig gi rab tu dbye ba). According to Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra, D100, the difference between śama and upaśama is that the realization of phenomena’s not really existing results in the mind’s being free from clinging to them.

[95] J aśuddham avimalaṃ sāṅganam (DP ma dag pa dri ma dang bral ba skyon dang bcas pa). However, the Sarvabuddhaviśayāvatārajñānālokālaṃkārasūtra (D100, fol. 298a.7) has "pure, stainless, and unafflicted" (dag pa dri ma med pa nyon mongs pa med pa), which is confirmed and explained several times with regard to a number of phenomena right before that passage.

[96] Ibid., fol. 298a.6–7. In D100 this sentence reads, "Here, Mañjuśrī, [in] the Tathāgata, who has completely and perfectly realized all phenomena to be like that and has seen the basic element of sentient beings, great compassion, which is called "playful mastery,"arises for sentient beings because sentient beings are [ultimately] pure, stainless, and undefiled."

[97] With Takasaki, J abhāvasvabhāvāt is emended to abhāvasvabhāvān.

[98] See the text below (J29.1ff.) for an explanation of which sentient beings belong to which of these three groups.

[99] I follow MB °nirviśiṣṭaṃ tathāgatagarbham against J °nirviśiṣṭatathāgatagarbham.

[100] VT (fol. 11v.1) glosses "all objects" as "cognitive obscurations," "passion and aggression" as "afflictive obscurations," and "darkness" as bewilderment.

[101] J vipakṣa/pratipakṣa, which literally means "opponent" or "adversary,"but for stylistic reasons, I follow the Tibetan gnyen po.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[1]

Root Verses

Latest revision as of 10:27, 14 March 2023

Contents

Select a chapter

Select Languages

Chapter I

I.1

I.2

I.3

I.4

I.5

I.6

I.7

I.8

I.9

I.10

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{RootTitleArea}}
+__NOTOC__{{#addbodyclass:mw-body-1400 remove-background}}
-<div class="read-versions text-right" style="margin-top: -15px;">
+{{TitleSection
+	|subclass={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?subclass}}
+	|devanagari={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?fulltitledev}}
+	|sanskrit={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?fulltitleskt}}
+	|SktReconstructed={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?SktReconstructed}}
+	|tibetan={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?fulltitletib}}
+	|wylie={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?fulltitle}}
+	|chinese={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?fulltitlechn}}
+	|pinyin={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?fulltitlepinyin}}
+	|english={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?fulltitletrans}}
+	|SpecialTitles={{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?SpecialDisplayTitles}}
+}}
+<div class="d-flex justify-content-end align-items-end">
+	<div class="bnw-text-watermark">{{#if: {{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?canonrefnum}}{{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?TeeNum}} |
+		<div class="bnw-text-numbers">{{#if: {{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?canonrefnum}}
+				|{{#if: {{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?AdarshaLink}}
+					| <span class="offset">[{{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?AdarshaLink#}} D{{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?canonrefnum}}]</span>
+					| D{{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?canonrefnum}}
+				}}{{#if: {{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?TeeNum}}
+					|&nbsp;&nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;
+					|
+				}}
+				|
+			}}{{#if: {{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?TeeNum}}
+				| {{#if: {{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?CbetaLink}}
+					| [{{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?CbetaLink#}} T{{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?TeeNum}}]<br>
+					| T{{#show:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | -1 }}|?TeeNum}}
+				}}
+				| <br>
+			}}
+		</div> | }}SOURCE TEXT
+	</div>
+</div>
+<div class="read-versions text-right" style="margin-top: 5px;">
 	[[{{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}|<i class="fas fa-caret-left"></i> Back to text page]]&nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Switch to: {{#ifexist: {{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/Root Verses |
 	[[{{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/Root Verses|Root Verses]] | }}{{#ifexist: {{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/English |
-	[[{{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/English|English]] | }}{{#ifexist: {{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/Sanskrit |
+	[[{{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/English|English]] | }}{{#ifexist: {{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/French |
+	[[{{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/French|French]] | }}{{#ifexist: {{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/Sanskrit |
 	[[{{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] | }}{{#ifexist: {{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/Tibetan |
 	[[{{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/Tibetan|Tibetan]] | }}{{#ifexist: {{#titleparts: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | -1 }}/Chinese |
@@ Line 11: / Line 45: @@
-<div class="row mt-3 sticky-container">
+<div class="container wide-container">
-	<div class="col-lg-10">
+	<div class="row sticky-container">
+		{{StickySideBar
-==Root Verses==
+			|columns=2
+			|ContributeTile=yes
-Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra—An Analysis of the Jewel Disposition, A Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum of the Mahāyāna
+			|customTOC=
+				<div class="loaderVerses align-items-center justify-content-around text-center p-4" style="display: flex;">
-Oṃ namaḥ Śrī Vajrasattvāya—Oṃ I pay homage to Glorious Vajrasattva<ref>DP "I pay homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas." Throughout this translation of RGVV, numbers preceded by J, D, and P in "{ }"indicate the page numbers of Johnston’s Sanskrit edition and the folio numbers of the Tibetan versions in the Derge and Peking ''Tengyur'', respectively. In my translation, I have relied on the corrections of the Sanskrit in Takasaki 1966a, 396–99; Kano 2006, 545; de Jong 1968; and Schmithausen 1971; as well as on most of the latter two’s corrections of Takasaki’s and Obermiller’s (1984) English renderings. In the notes on my translation, D and P ''without any numbers refer to the Tibetan translation of RGVV in the Derge and Peking ''Tengyur'', respectively, while C indicates its version in the Chinese canon. </ref>
+					<div class="loader-overlay-content"><i class="fad fa-spinner-third fa-spin" style="font-size: 1rem;"></i> <br> '''Verses loading...''' <br> This may take a couple of minutes. Scroll down to view the first 10 verses. <br> <span style="color: darkred; font-weight: bold;">If the other verses don't seem to load, try reloading the page.</span></div>
+				</div>{{#widget:RootVersesTOC}}
+		}}
-<div class="mt-5">
+		<div class="col-lg-10 p-0 pr-lg-4">
-<div class="read-versions text-center mb-1">Show: <span id="englishTrigger">English</span> · <span id="tibetanTrigger">Tibetan</span> · <span id="sanskritTrigger">Sanskrit</span> · <span id="chineseTrigger">Chinese</span></div>
+			<div class="h2 mt-0 pt-0">Root Verses<ref>English translation by [[Karl Brunnhölzl]], ''[[When the Clouds Part]]: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra''. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of [[Shambhala Publications]], 2014. All footnotes are from same following the numbers in the printed book. French translation by [[Christian Charrier]] and [[Patrick Carré]]. ''Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule (Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra). Avec le commentaire de Jamgön Kongtrul Lodreu Thayé ('jam mgon kong sprul blo gros mtha' yas) L'Incontestable Rugissement du lion''. Tsadra Foundation Series. Plazac, France: Éditions Padmakara, 2019.</ref></div>
-{{#ask: [[Has parent page::{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
-	|?VerseNumber
-	|sort=VerseNumber
-	|order=asc
-	|format=template
-	|template=Verses
-	|link=none
-}}
-</div>
-=== {{#formredlink:target={{PAGENAME}}/Verse I.1|link text=Verse I.1|existing page link text=Verse I.1|form=Verse|query string=Verse[VerseNumber]=I.1}} ===
-::'''Buddha, dharma, assembly, basic element''',
-::'''Awakening, qualities, and finally buddha activity'''—
-::'''The body of the entire treatise'''
-::'''Is summarized in these seven vajra points. I.1'''
-=== {{#formredlink:target={{PAGENAME}}/Verse I.2|link text=Verse I.2|existing page link text=Verse I.2|form=Verse|query string=Verse[VerseNumber]=I.2}} ===
-::'''In accordance with their specific characteristics''' {P76a}
-::'''And in due order, the [first] three points of these [seven]'''
-::'''Should be understood from the introduction in the ''Dhāraṇirājasūtra'' '''
-::'''And the [latter] four from the distinction of the attributes of the intelligent and the victors. I.2'''
-=== {{#formredlink:target={{PAGENAME}}/Verse I.3|link text=Verse I.3|existing page link text=Verse I.3|form=Verse|query string=Verse[VerseNumber]=I.3}} ===
+			<div class="bnw-panel depth-1 my-4 p-4 my-lg-5 p-lg-5 pb-5">The root verses presented here have been parsed from the ''Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra'' (''Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos''), which according to the Tibetan tradition is attributed to [[Maitreya]]. [[A_History_of_Buddha-Nature_Theory:_The_Literature_and_Traditions#The Ratnagotravibhāga and the Later Spread of Buddha-Nature Theory in India|More on the history of this text can be found here]]. This page was created for ease of reference to allow readers to quickly navigate between verses. The prose commentary that accompanies these verses has also been extracted so that it may be read alongside the associated verses. This commentary, attributed to [[Asaṅga]], is known in the contemporary scholarship that follows the Tibetan tradition as the ''Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā'' (''Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa'').
-::'''From the Buddha [comes] the dharma and from the dharma, the noble saṃgha'''.
-::'''Within the saṃgha, the [tathāgata] heart leads to the attainment of wisdom'''.
-::'''The attainment of that wisdom is the supreme awakening that is endowed with'''
-::'''The attributes such as the powers that promote the welfare of all sentient beings. I.3'''
-==Chapter 1 <br> The Three Jewels and the Tathāgata Heart==
+			This page also allows the reader to view the verses and commentary in a variety of languages, namely Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, English, and French. We have undertaken this concordance with the understanding that none of these texts are the same; ours is at best an approximation. This is because both the Tibetan and the Chinese versions are not translations of the surviving Sanskrit text, which was discovered in a Tibetan monastery in the 1930s. At best the three versions can be said to share a common ancestor. The English translation we have used from [[Karl Brunnhölzl]] is based on both the Tibetan and the Sanskrit.
-===[[/Verse I.4/]]===
-::'''You awakened to peaceful buddhahood without beginning, middle, or end.'''
-::'''Upon your self-awakening, you taught the fearless everlasting path so that the unawakened may awake.'''
-::'''I pay homage to you who wield the supreme sword and vajra of wisdom and compassion, cut the sprouts of suffering to pieces,'''
-::'''And break through the wall of doubts concealed by the thicket of various views. I.4'''
-===[[/Verse I.5/]]===
-::'''Being unconditioned, effortless,'''
-::''' Not being produced<ref>DP 'rtogs''. RGVV makes it clear that this means "awakened" or "realized" (the same goes for ''udaya'' in I.7a). </ref> through other conditions,'''
-::''' And possessing wisdom, compassion, and power,'''
-::'''Buddhahood is endowed with the two welfares. I.5'''
-===[[/Verse I.6/]]===
-::'''It is unconditioned because its nature '''
-::'''Is to be without beginning, middle, and end. '''
-::'''It is declared to be effortless '''
-::'''Because it possesses the peaceful dharma body.''' <ref>śāntadharmaśarīra.</ref> I.6
-===[[/Verse I.7/]]===
-::'''It is not produced through other conditions'''
-::'''Because it is to be realized personally. {D78a}'''
-::'''Thus, it is wisdom because it is threefold awakening. '''
-::'''It is compassion because it teaches the path. I.7'''
-===[[/Verse I.8/]]===
-::'''It is power because it overcomes suffering '''
-::'''And the afflictions through wisdom and compassion.'''
-::'''One’s own welfare is by virtue of the first three qualities '''
-::'''And the welfare of others by virtue of the latter three. I.8'''
-===[[/Verse I.9/]]===
-::'''Inscrutable as neither nonexistent nor existent nor [both] existent and nonexistent nor other than existent and nonexistent,'''
-::'''Free from etymological interpretation, to be personally experienced, and peaceful—{J11}'''
-::'''I pay homage to this sun of the dharma, which shines the light of stainless wisdom'''
-::'''And defeats passion, aggression, and [mental] darkness with regard to all focal objects.<ref>VT (fol. 11v.1) glosses "all objects" as "cognitive obscurations," "passion and aggression" as "afflictive obscurations," and "darkness" as bewilderment.</ref> I.9'''
-===[[/Verse I.10/]]===
+				<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="Keep reading..." data-collapsetext="less">
-::'''By virtue of its being inconceivable, free from the dual, nonconceptual,'''
+				As for the sources of the various languages presented, the English is taken from [[Karl Brunnhölzl]]'s translation of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' published in his book ''[[When the Clouds Part]]'' and the French is from [[Christian Charrier]] and [[Patrick Carré]]'s 2019 translation, ''[[Books/Traité_de_la_Continuité_suprême_du_Grand_Véhicule|Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule]]''. However, on the individual verse pages we have also presented a selection of alternative translations as well. The Tibetan is taken from the Derge edition of the Tengyur (''sde dge bstan 'gyur''), with the verses extracted from ''Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos'' and the commentary extracted from the ''Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa''. The digitized input of these were drawn from the input provided on the [https://adarsha.dharma-treasure.org/ Adarsha] website. As for the Sanskrit, both the verses and the commentary were taken from E. H. Johnston's 1950 publication of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra'', with the digitized text extracted from the input created by the University of the West as part of the [http://www.dsbcproject.org/canon-text/content/575/2687 Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project]. And, finally, the Chinese verses have been extracted from the website of the [http://cbetaonline.dila.edu.tw/en/T1611_001 Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association]. Furthermore, readers can find links to these various sources on the individual verse pages, as well.
-::'''Pure, manifesting, and a remedial factor,'''<ref>J ''vipakṣa/pratipakṣa'', which literally means "opponent" or "adversary,"but for stylistic reasons, I follow the Tibetan ''gnyen po''. </ref>
-::'''It is what is and what makes free from attachment, respectively— '''
-::'''The dharma that is characterized by the two realities. I.10'''
-===[[/Verse I.11/]]===
-::'''Freedom from attachment {P81a} consists of '''
-::'''The two realities of cessation and the path. '''
-::'''In due order, these two are to be understood '''
-::'''Through three qualities each. I.11'''
-===[[/Verse I.12/]]===
-::'''Because of being inscrutable, because of being inexpressible, '''
-::'''And because of being the wisdom of the noble ones, it is inconceivable.'''
-::'''Because of being peaceful, it is free from the dual and without conceptions.'''
-::'''[In its] three [qualities] such as being pure, it is like the sun. I.12'''
-===[[/Verse I.13/]]===
-::'''They perfectly realize that the endpoint of the identitylessness of the entire world is peace'''
-::'''Because they see that, by virtue of the natural luminosity of the minds in this [world], the afflictions are without nature. {D82a}'''
-::'''I pay homage to those who see that perfect buddhahood is allpervading, whose intelligence is unobscured,'''
-::'''And whose wisdom vision has the purity and infinitude of beings as its objects. I.13'''
-===[[/Verse I.14/]]===
-::'''By virtue of the purity of the inner'''
+				In terms of the numbering of the verses and their order, we have followed [[Brunnhölzl]]'s presentation in ''[[When the Clouds Part]]''.<ref>Brunnhölzl, ''[[When the Clouds Part]],'' p. 1060: <q>Throughout this translation of RGVV, numbers preceded by J, D, and P in "{ }" indicate the page numbers of Johnston’s Sanskrit edition and the folio numbers of the Tibetan versions in the Derge and Peking ''Tengyur'', respectively. In my translation, I have relied on the corrections of the Sanskrit in Takasaki 1966a, 396–99; Kano 2006, 545; de Jong 1968; and Schmithausen 1971; as well as on most of the latter two’s corrections of Takasaki’s and Obermiller’s (1984) English renderings. In the notes on my translation, D and P without any numbers refer to the Tibetan translation of RGVV in the Derge and Peking ''Tengyur'', respectively, while C indicates its version in the Chinese canon. </ref> The order appears to be fairly standard, except for one instance in which verses I.27 and I.28 are reversed in the Tibetan edition found in the Derge Tengyur. However, in terms of the numbering, there are a couple of instances in which verses appear to have been added to the Tibetan redactions. In these cases, such as the two verses appearing between verses I.83 and I.84, these presumed additions have been numbered as I.83.1 and I.83.2 in order to maintain the numbering schema of the core verses. There are many complex issues with the Chinese text where it does not match as closely to the other versions and we hope to get expert input on updating the information here for Chinese readers.</q>
-::'''Wisdom vision of suchness and variety,'''
-::'''The assembly of the irreversible intelligent ones'''
+				</div>
-::'''Is [endowed] with unsurpassable qualities. I.14'''
-===[[/Verse I.15/]]===
+			</div>
-::'''[The wisdom of] suchness'''<ref>I follow MB ''yathāvattvaṃ jagac''° (confirmed by DP ji lta nyid) against J ''yathāvat taj jagac''°. </ref> '''by virtue of'''
+			<div class="h2 mt-0 pt-0">An Analysis of the Jewel Disposition, A Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum of the Mahāyāna</div>
-::'''Realizing the world’s true nature of peace'''
-::'''Is due to the natural complete purity [of the mind]'''
-::'''And due to seeing the primordial termination of the afflictions'''. I.15
-===[[/Verse I.16/]]===
-::'''[The wisdom of] being variety is due to'''
-::'''The intelligence that encompasses the entire range of the knowable'''
-::'''Seeing the existence of the true nature'''
-::'''Of omniscience in all sentient beings'''. I.16
-===[[/Verse I.17/]]===
-::'''Such a realization is the vision'''
-::'''Of one’s own personal wisdom'''.
-::'''It is pure in the stainless basic element'''
-::'''Because it lacks attachment and lacks obstruction'''. I.17
-===[[/Verse I.18/]]===
-::'''By virtue of this purity of the vision of wisdom''',
-::'''The noble ones, who are irreversible'''<ref>I follow Takasaki’s and Schmithausen’s emendation of MB and J ''avaivartyād'' to ''avaivartyā'', which is confirmed by VT (fol. 11v5) ''avivartyā''.</ref>
-::'''From unsurpassable buddha wisdom''',<ref>The translation of I.18bc follows Schmithausen’s relating ''buddhajñānād anuttarāt'' to ''avaivartyā'', which is confirmed by VT (fol. 11v5) ''anuttarād buddhajñānād avivartyā āryā bhavanti''. However, lines I.18bc could also be read as "Buddha wisdom is unsurpassable. Therefore, the irreversible noble ones . . . ,"which is suggested by DP ''sang rgyas ye shes bla med phyir / ’phags pa phyir mi ldog pa ni'' / and RGVV’s comments on these lines.</ref>
-::'''Are the refuge of all that lives'''. I.18
-===[[/Verse I.19/]]===
-::'''For the purpose of the teacher, the teaching, and the disciples''',
-::'''The three refuges are taught'''
-::'''With regard to those in the three yānas'''
-::'''And those who have faith in the three activities'''. I.19
-===[[/Verse I.20/]]===
-::'''Because of being abandoned, because of having a deceptive nature''',
-::'''Because of being nonexistent, and because of being fearful''',
-::'''The twofold dharma and the noble saṃgha'''
-::'''Are not the ultimate supreme refuge'''. I.20
-===[[/Verse I.21/]]===
-::'''Ultimately, however, the single<ref>I follow the interlinear gloss in SM, which has ekaṃ tu in I.21a against J ''ekatra''.</ref> refuge'''
-::'''Of the world is buddhahood'''
-::'''Because the sage possesses the body of the dharma'''
-::'''And because it is the consummation of the assembly. I.21'''
-===[[/Verse I.22/]]===
-::'''They are jewels because their appearance is difficult to encounter''',
-::'''Because they are stainless, because they possess power''',
-::'''Because they are the ornaments of the world''',
-::'''Because they are supreme, and because they are changeless'''. I.22
-===[[/Verse I.23/]]===
-::'''Suchness with stains, the one without stains,''
-::'''Stainless buddha qualities, and the activity of the victors'''
-::'''Are the objects of those who see the ultimate''',
-::'''From which the three splendid<ref>J ''śubha'', which can also mean "beautiful," "good," "virtuous," "pleasant," "eminent," "bright," and "pure"; DP ''dge ba''. GC (209.21–23) explains that ''dge ba'' can refer to Sanskrit ''śuddhi'' ("pure"), ''sukha'' ("bliss"), and ''śobha'' ("beautiful" or "excellent"). What this means here is that the three jewels possess all these qualities.
-</ref> jewels arise.'''<ref>I follow Schmithausen’s reading of MB °sambhavo against J °''sargako''.</ref>  I.23
-===[[/Verse I.24/]]===
-::'''The disposition of the three jewels'''
-::'''Is the object of those who see everything'''. {D85b}
-::'''It is fourfold and is inconceivable'''
-::'''For four reasons in due order''' I.24
-===[[/Verse I.25/]]===
-::'''Since it is pure and yet associated with afflictions''',
-::''Since it is not afflicted and yet becomes pure''',
-::'''Since its qualities are inseparable,'''
-:::And since [its activity] is effortless and nonconceptual'''. I.25
-===[[/Verse I.26/]]===
-::'''As for what is to be awakened, awakening''',
-::'''Its branches, and what causes awakening, in due order''',
-::'''One point is the cause and three'''
-::'''Are the conditions for its purity'''. I.26
-===[[/Verse I.27/]]===
-::'''Since buddha wisdom enters into the multitudes of beings''',
-::'''Since its stainlessness is nondual by nature''',
-::'''And since the buddha disposition is metaphorically referred to by
-[the name of] its fruition''',
-::'''All beings are said to possess the buddha [heart]'''.<ref>In the Tibetan editions of the ''Uttaratantra'', this verse follows I.28, and some editions omit it altogether. JKC (50) notes this fact and says that it does belong to the text since Dölpopa, Karma Könshön (a student of the Third Karmapa), Rongtön, Gö Lotsāwa, and others quote and comment on it extensively.</ref> I.27
-===[[/Verse I.28/]]===
-::'''Since the perfect buddhakāya radiates''',
-::'''Since suchness is undifferentiable''',
-::'''And because of the disposition''',
-::'''All beings always possess the buddha heart'''. I.28
-===[[/Verse I.29/]]===
-::'''In terms of nature and cause, fruition, function, endowment, manifestation''',
-::'''Phases, all-pervasiveness''',
-::'''Ever-changeless qualities,<ref>Despite the plural "qualities" (''sadāvikāritvaguṇesv'') here, the comments in the text below make it clear that this point does not so much refer to the qualities of the tathāgata heart’s being changeless (which is also true), but to its very quality of being changeless. Almost all Tibetan commentaries take "qualities"in DP ''rtag tu mi ’gyur yon tan dbyer med ni'' as relating to the next point, thus speaking of "ever-changelessness, and the inseparability of the qualities."</ref> and inseparability''',
-::'''The topic in mind, the ultimate basic element, should be understood.''' I.29
-===[[/Verse I.30/]]===
-::'''It is always unafflicted by nature''',
-::'''Just like a pure jewel, space, and water'''.
-::'''It comes to life<ref> J ''anvaya'' (lit. "descendant" or "the logical connection between cause and effect"), DP "arises" (''byung ba'').</ref> through having faith in the dharma''',
-::'''Supreme prajñā, samādhi, and compassion.''' I.30
-===[[/Verse I.31/]]===
-::'''By virtue of its nature of power''',
-::'''Being unchanging, and being moist''',
-::'''It resembles the qualities'''
-::'''Of a wish-fulfilling jewel, space, and water'''. I.31
-Now, what is taught by the latter half of verse [I.30]?
-===[[/Verse I.32/]]===
-::'''Hostility toward the dharma, views about a self''',
-::'''Fear of saṃsāra’s suffering''',
-::''' And indifference about the welfare of sentient beings'''—
-::'''These are the four obscurations''' I.32 {P91b}
-===[[/Verse I.33/]]===
-::'''Of those with great desire,<ref>J ''icchantika'', DP '' ’dod chen''. VT (fol. 12r4) glosses this term as "those who desire saṃsāra." This term is also used to describe those beings who, according to some, have absolutely no disposition or potential for ever achieving nirvāṇa or buddhahood. However, texts such as RGVV take this term to mean that though these beings possess buddha nature just like all other beings, it is so densely obscured that it will take them a very long time to enter the dharma and attain nirvāṇa.</ref> tīrthikas''',
-::'''Śrāvakas, and self-arisen [buddhas]''',
-::'''The causes of purity are the four dharmas'''
-::'''Of having faith and so forth'''. I.33
-===[[/Verse I.34/]]===
-::'''Those whose seed is the faith in the supreme yāna''',
-::'''Whose mother is the prajñā that gives birth to the buddha qualities, {J30}'''
-::'''Whose womb is blissful samādhi, and whose nanny is compassion'''
-::'''Are the children who take after the sages'''. I.34
-{P93a} Now, [there is] a verse in terms of (3) the topic of the fruition and (4) the topic of the function [of the tathāgata heart].
-===[[/Verse I.35/]]===
-::'''The fruition consists of the pāramitās that are'''
-::'''The qualities of purity, self, bliss, and permanence'''.
-::'''It has the function of being weary of suffering'''
-::'''As well as striving and aspiring to attain peace'''. I.35
-What is taught by the first half of this verse here?
-===[[/Verse I.36/]]===
-::'''In brief, the fruition of those [causes]'''
-::'''Is characterized by being the remedies'''
-::'''That counteract the four kinds of'''
-::'''Mistakenness about the dharmakāya'''. I.36
-===[[/Verse I.37/]]===
-::'''Because the [dharmakāya] is naturally pure''' {P96a}
-::'''And free from latent tendencies, it is pure.'''
-::''' It is the supreme self because the reference points'''
-::'''Of self and no-self are at peace'''.<ref>I follow MA/MB °''vyupaśāntitaḥ'' and DP ''nye bar zhi ba'' against J 'kṣayaśāntitaḥ''. </ref> I.37
-===[[/Verse I.38/]]===
-::'''It is bliss because the skandha of a mental nature'''
-::'''And its causes have come to an end'''.
-::'''It is permanent because the equality'''
-::'''Of saṃsāra and nirvāṇa is realized'''. I.38
-===[[/Verse I.39/]]===
-::'''With prajñā, they cut through all self-cherishing without exception'''.
-::'''Because they cherish sentient beings, those full of compassion do not approach peace.'''
-::'''Relying in this way on intelligence and compassion, the two means for awakening''',
-::'''The noble ones approach neither saṃsāra<ref>Following Schmithausen and DP '' ’khor ba'', ''saṃvṛtiṃ'' is emended to ''saṃsṛtiṃ''.</ref> nor nirvāṇa'''. I.39
-===[[/Verse I.40/]]===
-::'''If the buddha element did not exist''',
-::'''There would be no weariness of suffering''',
-::'''Nor would there be the wish, striving''', {D94a}
-::'''And aspiration for nirvāṇa'''. I.40
-{J36} As [the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra''] says: {P97a}
-<blockquote>Bhagavan, if the tathāgata heart did not exist, there would be no weariness of suffering nor the wish, striving, and aspiration for nirvāṇa.<ref>D45.48, fol. 274b.5. </ref></blockquote>
-Here, in brief, even in those sentient beings who have [the dispositions that are] certain in terms of what is mistaken, the buddha element, which is the disposition for purity, readily procures this twofold function. It gives rise to weariness of saṃsāra based on seeing the flaws of suffering, and it produces the longing, '''wish, striving, and aspiration for nirvāṇa''' based on seeing the benefits of [its] bliss. Here, "longing" [means] "desire."<ref>This sentence, which the context clearly calls for, is missing in Sanskrit, but is preserved in DP (''de la ’dun pa ni mngon par ’dod pa’o''; reconstructed by Takasaki as ''tatra cchando ’bhilāsa'') and C. </ref> As for "wish," "striving," and "aspiration,"<ref>DP and C omit this phrase.</ref>"wish" [refers to] not being cowardly<ref>Skt. asaṃkoca, DP phyogs pa ("directing [one’s mind] toward").</ref> about one’s desired aim.
-"Striving" [means] to search for the means to attain one’s desired aim. "Aspiration" [refers to] applying one’s intention and mind to one’s desired aim.<ref>DP "one’s mind truly striving for one’s desired aim" (''gang mngon par ’dod pa’i don la sems mngon par ’dun par byed pa’o''). YDC (286–87) explains that upon seeing the benefit of the happiness of nirvāṇa, beings develop the striving of seeing this happiness as a quality, the wish to attain what possesses this quality, the pursuing that seeks for the means to attain it, and the aspiration of delighting in accomplishing the outcome of these means.</ref>
-===[[/Verse I.41/]]===
-::'''This seeing of the flaws of suffering and the qualities of happiness'''
-::'''In [saṃsāric] existence and nirvāṇa'''
-::'''Occurs [only] when the disposition exists'''
-::'''Because it does not [occur] in those without the disposition'''.<ref>I follow MB ''agotrāṇāṃ na tad yataḥ'' and DP ''gang phyir de / rigs med pa dag med pa’i phyir'' against J ''agotrāṇāṃ na vidyate''.</ref> I.41
-===[[/Verse I.42/]]===
-::'''Just like the ocean, [the disposition of the victors] is an inexhaustible source'''
-::'''Of immeasurable jewels [in the form of its] qualities'''.
-::'''Just like a lamp, it is endowed with'''
-::'''Inseparable qualities by its nature'''.<ref>The translation follows Schmithausen’s suggestion to understand °''guṇayuktasvbhāvataḥ'' as a predicative ablative that qualifies "disposition of the victors" (''jinagarbhaḥ'') in I.45c. Takasaki 1966a (400ff.) already pointed out that verses I.30, 35, 42, and 45, though interrupted by several commentarial verses, are to be considered as a unit, with jinagarbhaḥ in I.45c being the subject that is common to all four verses. As mentioned above, the six topics of nature, cause, fruition, function, endowment, and manifestation in these four verses are described in a similar way in verses IX.56–59 of the ''Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra'' (which are also found as concluding verses in the ''Buddhabhūmisūtra''), where they pertain to the purity of the dharmadhātu as the common subject. As for Takasaki’s different rendering of I.42cd ("because of its nature of being endowed with properties indivisible [from it]"), it seems to correspond exactly to DP ''dbyer med yon tan dang ldan pa’i / ngo bo nyid phyir''.</ref> I.42
-===[[/Verse I.43/]]===
-::'''Since the basic element consists of the dharmakāya''',
-::'''As well as the wisdom and the compassion of the victor''',
-::'''It is taught to be like the ocean'''
-::'''In terms of a vessel, jewels, and water'''. I.43
-===[[/Verse I.44/]]===
-::'''In the stainless foundation, the supernatural knowledges''',
-::'''Wisdom, and stainlessness<ref>VT (fol. 12v4) glosses "wisdom" as "the wisdom of the termination of contamination" and "stainlessness"as "the termination of contamination."</ref> are inseparable from suchness'''.
-::'''Therefore, they are similar, respectively, to'''
-::'''The light, heat, and color of a lamp.'''<ref>I follow Schmithausen’s emendation of MB ''dīpāloṣṇatāvarṇṇasya'' [or °''sā''°] ''dharmamālāśraye'' to ''dīpālokoṣṇavarṇasādharmyaṃ amalāśraye'' against J ''dīpālokoṣṇavarṇasya sādharmyaṃ vimalāśraye''.</ref> I.44
-===[[/Verse I.45/]]===
-::'''Manifesting differently as the suchness'''
-::'''Of ordinary beings, noble ones, and perfect buddhas''',<ref>I follow MB °''tathatābhinnavṛttitaḥ'' and DP ''de bzhin nyid dbye’i ’jug pa las'' against J °''tathatāvyatirekataḥ''. The translation follows Schmithausen’s suggestion to understand this compound as a predicative ablative (as in I.42) qualifying "the disposition of the victors" (thus, closely corresponding in meaning to °''bhinnavṛttikaḥ'' in ''Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra'' IX.59b). However, as Schmithausen remarks, RGVV interprets vṛtti as pravṛtti in the sense of the more or less unmistaken ways in which ordinary beings, bodhisattvas, and buddhas engage the tathāgata heart. Besides "manifestation" and "engagement,"both terms can also mean "behavior," "activity," and "function." Further meanings of ''vṛtti'' include "mode of being," "nature," "state," and "condition,"while ''pravṛtti'' can also mean "advancing" and "cognition."</ref>
-::'''The disposition of the victors is taught'''
-::'''To sentient beings by those who see true reality'''. I.45
-===[[/Verse I.46/]]===
-::'''Ordinary beings are mistaken''',
-::'''Those who see reality are the opposite''',
-::'''And tathāgatas are most exactly unmistaken'''
-::'''And free from reference points'''.<ref>This verse closely parallels the words and the meaning of ''Madhyāntavibhāga'' IV.12. </ref> I.46
-===[[/Verse I.47/]]===
-::'''Its being impure, its being both impure and pure''',
-::'''And its being completely pure, in due order''',
-::'''Are expressed as "the basic element<ref>DP omit "basic element."</ref> of sentient beings''',"
-::'''"Bodhisattva," and "tathāgata'''." I.47
-===[[/Verse I.48/]]===
-::'''The basic element that consists of<ref>I follow DP '' ’di drug gis ni bsdus pa yi / khams'' . . . against J and MA/MB, thus replacing ''samāsataḥ'' by ''samāsitaḥ''.</ref> these'''
-::'''Six topics, such as [its] nature''',
-::'''Is taught<ref>I follow MB ''nirdiṣṭo'' against J ''vidito''. </ref> through three names'''
-::'''In its three phases'''. I.48
-===[[/Verse I.49/]]===
-::'''Just as space with its character
-::'''Of nonconceptuality is present everywhere''',
-::''So the stainless basic element that is'''
-::'''The nature of the mind is omnipresent'''. I.49
-===[[/Verse I.50/]]===
-::'''[Its] general characteristic is that it pervades'''
-::'''Flaws, qualities, and perfection,'''
-::'''Just as space [pervades] inferior, middling''',
-::'''And supreme kinds of forms'''. I.50
-===[[/Verse I.51/]]===
-::'''Since it is adventitiously associated with flaws'''
-::'''And since it is naturally endowed with qualities''',
-::'''Its true nature of being changeless'''
-::'''Is the same before as after'''. I.51
-===[[/Verse I.52/]]===
-::'''Just as all-pervasive space'''
-::'''Is untainted due to its subtlety''',
-::'''So this [basic element] that abides everywhere'''
-::'''In sentient beings is untainted'''. I.52
-===[[/Verse I.53/]]===
-::'''Just as the worlds everywhere'''
-::'''Are born and perish in space''',
-::'''So the faculties arise and perish'''
-::'''In the unconditioned basic element'''. I.53
-===[[/Verse I.54/]]===
-::'''Just as space was never''' {D97b}
-::'''Burned before by any fires''', {P101a}
-::'''So this [basic element] is not consumed'''
-::'''By the fires of death, sickness, and aging'''. I.54
-===[[/Verse I.55/]]===
-::'''Earth rests upon water, water on wind''',
-::'''And wind on space''',
-::'''[But] space does not rest on the elements'''
-::'''Of wind, water, or earth'''.<ref>This refers to the ancient Indian cosmological model of worlds arising in space due to the four elemental spheres of wind, fire, water, and earth being stacked up in that order and thus supporting the upper spheres. As VT (fol. 13r1) confirms, the element of fire is not mentioned among the four elements in this text because fire is used to illustrate sickness, aging, and death, which destroy one’s prior state of existence.</ref> I.55
-===[[/Verse I.56/]]===
-::'''Likewise, skandhas, dhātus, and faculties'''<ref>Here, the text has ''indriya'', which is always replaced by āyatana below.</ref>
-::'''Rest on karma and afflictions''',
-::'''And karma and afflictions always rest on'''
-::'''Improper mental engagement'''. I.56
-===[[/Verse I.57/]]===
-::'''Improper mental engagement'''
-::''Rests on the purity of the mind''',
-::'''[But] this nature of the mind does not rest'''
-::''On any of these phenomena'''. I.57
-===[[/Verse I.58/]]===
-::'''The skandhas, āyatanas, and dhātus'''
-::'''Should be understood as being like the element of earth'''.
-::'''The karma and afflictions of living beings'''
-::'''Should be understood as resembling the element of water'''. I.58 {J43}
-===[[/Verse I.59/]]===
-::'''Improper mental engagement'''
-::'''Is to be known as being like the element of wind'''.
-::'''Being without root and not resting [on anything]''',
-::'''[Mind’s] nature is similar to space'''. I.59
-===[[/Verse I.60/]]===
-::'''Improper mental engagement'''
-::'''Rests on the nature of the mind''',
-::'''And improper mental engagement'''
-::'''Produces karma and afflictions'''. I.60
-===[[/Verse I.61/]]===
-::'''Skandhas, āyatanas, and dhātus'''
-::'''Arise and disappear'''
-::'''From water-like karma and afflictions''',
-::'''Just as the evolution and dissolution of the [world]'''. I.61
-===[[/Verse I.62/]]===
-::'''Lacking causes and conditions''',
-::'''Lacking aggregation, and lacking'''
-::''Arising, ceasing, and abiding''',
-::''The nature of the mind resembles space'''. I.62
-===[[/Verse I.63/]]===
-::'''The luminous nature of the mind'''
-::'''Is completely unchanging, just like space'''.
-::'''It is not<ref>Given the example of space’s being completely unaffected by what arises and ceases in it, I follow DP’s negative before "afflicted" (the Sanskrit and C lack this negative). </ref> afflicted by adventitious stains''',
-::'''Such as desire, born from false imagination'''. I.63
-===[[/Verse I.64/]]===
-::'''The mass of water-like karma'''
-::'''And afflictions does not generate it''',
-::'''Nor do the raging fires of death,'''
-::'''Sickness, and aging consume it'''. I.64
-===[[/Verse I.65/]]===
-::'''The three fires—the fire at the end of an age''',
-::'''The one in hell, and ordinary [fire]'''—
-::'''Should be understood, in due order, as the examples'''<ref>I follow MA/MB ''tadupamā'' against J ''ta upamā''.</ref>
-::'''For the three fires of death, sickness, and aging'''. I.65
-{{References}}
-	</div>
-	<div class="right-side-bar noprint col-lg-2 mt-0 p-0 mb-2 sticky-sidemenu" id="sticky-sidemenu">
-		<div class="sticky-sidemenu-inner p-0 text-sub-sidebar" id="sticky-sidemenu-inner">
-			__TOC__
+			Oṃ namaḥ Śrī Vajrasattvāya—Oṃ I pay homage to Glorious Vajrasattva<ref>The Tibetan versions [DP] have "I pay homage to all buddhas and bodhisattvas."</ref>
-			{{#widget:ScrollToTop}}
+			<h2>Chapter I</h2>
+			{{#ask: [[Category:Source Verses]][[VerseNumber::I.1||I.2||I.3||I.4||I.5||I.6||I.7||I.8||I.9||I.10]]
+				|?VerseNumber
+				|?MasterNumber
+				|?FrenchTrans
+				|sort=MasterNumber
+				|order=asc
+				|format=template
+				|template=NewVerses
+				|link=none
+				|limit=10000
+			}}
+			<div id="rootVerses" class="position-relative" style="min-height: 200px">
+				<div class="loaderVerses loader-overlay align-items-center justify-content-around" style="display: flex;">
+					<div class="loader-overlay-content"><i class="fad fa-spinner-third fa-spin"></i> <br> '''Verses loading...''' <br> This may take a minute.</div>
+				</div>
+			</div>
+			{{References}}
 		</div>
 	</div>
 </div>

Root Verses

Latest revision as of 10:27, 14 March 2023

Contents

Chapter I

Chapter II

Chapter III

Chapter IV

Chapter V

Select a chapter

Select Languages

Chapter I

I.1

I.2

I.3

I.4

I.5

I.6

I.7

I.8

I.9

I.10