The Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra and the Emergence of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine

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** {{i|Outline|13}}
 
** {{i|Outline|13}}
 
** {{i|Contributions of this study|16}}
 
** {{i|Contributions of this study|16}}
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* {{i|Part I: Is the Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra “Our Earliest"”" Tathāgatagarbha Text?}}
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* {{i|Part I: Is the Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra "Our Earliest" Tathāgatagarbha Text?}}
 
** {{i|Introduction|19}}
 
** {{i|Introduction|19}}
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** {{i|The portion of MPNMS under consideration (“MPNMS-tg"”")|20}}
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** {{i|The portion of MPNMS under consideration ("MPNMS-tg")|20}}
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** {{i|1 MPNMS-tg as a “Tathāgatagarbha Text"”"|23}}
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** {{i|1 MPNMS-tg as a "Tathāgatagarbha Text"|23}}
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*** {{i|1.1 MPNMS-tg as a veritable “tathāgatagarbha text"”"|23}}
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*** {{i|1.1 MPNMS-tg as a veritable "tathāgatagarbha text"|23}}
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*** {{i|1.2 The Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra as a “tathāgatagarbha text"”"|32}}
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*** {{i|1.2 The Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra as a "tathāgatagarbha text"|32}}
 
** {{i|2 The Date of MPNMS-tg, Relative to Other Tathāgatagarbha Texts|35}}
 
** {{i|2 The Date of MPNMS-tg, Relative to Other Tathāgatagarbha Texts|35}}
 
*** {{i|2.1 Does MPNMS-tg refer to (our present) TGS by title?|35}}
 
*** {{i|2.1 Does MPNMS-tg refer to (our present) TGS by title?|35}}
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* {{i|Part II: The Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra and the Origins of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine}}
 
* {{i|Part II: The Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra and the Origins of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine}}
 
** {{i|Introduction|101}}
 
** {{i|Introduction|101}}
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** {{i|Schmithausen’s criteria for a “scenario of origin"”" for Buddhist concepts|102}}
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** {{i|Schmithausen’s criteria for a "scenario of origin" for Buddhist concepts|102}}
 
** {{i|4 Tathāgatagarbha, the Problem of Maternity, and Positive Corollaries to Docetic Buddhology|105}}
 
** {{i|4 Tathāgatagarbha, the Problem of Maternity, and Positive Corollaries to Docetic Buddhology|105}}
 
*** {{i|4.1 Terms|105}}
 
*** {{i|4.1 Terms|105}}
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*** {{i|4.3 The extension of docetism beyond death and birth|110}}
 
*** {{i|4.3 The extension of docetism beyond death and birth|110}}
 
*** {{i|4.4 Negatively-framed docetism about the Buddha’s conception, gestation and birth|115}}
 
*** {{i|4.4 Negatively-framed docetism about the Buddha’s conception, gestation and birth|115}}
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*** {{i|4.5 “Material-miraculous"”" positive corollaries of docetism about the Buddha’s conception, gestation and birth|118}}
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*** {{i|4.5 "Material-miraculous" positive corollaries of docetism about the Buddha’s conception, gestation and birth|118}}
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*** {{i|4.6 The material-miraculous, “docetic"”" womb|124}}
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*** {{i|4.6 The material-miraculous, "docetic" womb|124}}
 
*** {{i|4.7 Dharmakāya and vajrakāya as positive corollaries of corporeal docetism|129}}
 
*** {{i|4.7 Dharmakāya and vajrakāya as positive corollaries of corporeal docetism|129}}
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*** {{i|4.8 Tathāgatagarbha as a “soteriological-transcendent"”" positive corollary to docetism about the Buddha’s conception, gestation and birth|132}}
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*** {{i|4.8 Tathāgatagarbha as a "soteriological-transcendent" positive corollary to docetism about the Buddha’s conception, gestation and birth|132}}
 
*** {{i|4.9 Docetism and the problem of the Buddha’s mother(s)|143}}
 
*** {{i|4.9 Docetism and the problem of the Buddha’s mother(s)|143}}
 
*** {{i|4.10 Docetic reinterpretations of other branches of kinship|154}}
 
*** {{i|4.10 Docetic reinterpretations of other branches of kinship|154}}
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*** {{i|6.1 Summary|169}}
 
*** {{i|6.1 Summary|169}}
 
*** {{i|6.2 Directions for future research|171}}
 
*** {{i|6.2 Directions for future research|171}}
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* {{i|Appendix 1 Terms related to “tathāgatagarbha"”" in MPNMS|175}}
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* {{i|Appendix 1 Terms related to "tathāgatagarbha" in MPNMS|175}}
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* {{i|Appendix 2 Chinese zang 藏 (esp. in DhKṣ) and “secret teachings"”"|193}}
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* {{i|Appendix 2 Chinese zang 藏 (esp. in DhKṣ) and "secret teachings"|193}}
 
* {{i|Appendix 3 Further apparent historical detail in the MPNMS group prophecy complex|199}}
 
* {{i|Appendix 3 Further apparent historical detail in the MPNMS group prophecy complex|199}}
 
** {{i|1 *Sarvalokapriyadarśana|199}}
 
** {{i|1 *Sarvalokapriyadarśana|199}}
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** {{i|2 A “*cakravartinī"”"|202}}
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** {{i|2 A "*cakravartinī"|202}}
 
** {{i|3 Trials and tribulations of the espousers of the MPNMS group|205}}
 
** {{i|3 Trials and tribulations of the espousers of the MPNMS group|205}}
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* {{i|Appendix 4 “MPNMS-dhk"”" and “MPNMS-tg"”"|207}}
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* {{i|Appendix 4 "MPNMS-dhk" and "MPNMS-tg"|207}}
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* {{i|Appendix 5 “Kataphatic gnostic docetism"”"|211}}
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* {{i|Appendix 5 "Kataphatic gnostic docetism"|211}}
 
* {{i|Abbreviations|215}}
 
* {{i|Abbreviations|215}}
 
* {{i|Bibliography|219}}
 
* {{i|Bibliography|219}}

Revision as of 12:54, 8 July 2020

The Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra and the Emergence of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine
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Famously, tathāgatagarbha doctrine holds that every sentient being has within the body a womb for Buddhas, or an embryonic Buddha – the potential for full buddhahood. Previous scholars have seen this doctrine as originating in the Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra. In this book, Michael Radich argues that rather, the Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra is most likely our earliest extant tathāgatagarbha text. Radich then argues that tathāgatagarbha ideas originated as part of a wider pattern of docetic Buddhology – ideas holding that Buddhas are not really as they appear. Buddhist docetic texts are clearly troubled by the notion that Buddhas could have flesh-and-blood human mothers. The Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra is one such text, and tathāgatagarbha functions as a better substitute for imperfect human maternity: rather than a putrid, painful human womb, buddhahood springs from a “womb” inherent in every sentient being, which promises final liberation from flesh altogether. This book should interest readers concerned with the history of Buddhist ideas, gender in Buddhism, the early Mahāyāna, the cult of the Buddha’s relics, and relations between Buddhist ideas and practice. (Source: Hamburg University Press)

Citation Radich, Michael. The Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra and the Emergence of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine. Hamburg Buddhist Studies 5. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press, 2015. https://d-nb.info/1069352969/34.

tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

sūtra - Sūtras mainly refer to the discourses delivered by the Buddha and his disciples, and the Sūtra corpus is one of the three main sets of teachings which form the Buddhist canon. Skt. सूत्र Tib. མདོ། Ch. 佛经

Mahāyāna - Mahāyāna, or the Great Vehicle, refers to the system of Buddhist thought and practice which developed around the beginning of Common Era, focusing on the pursuit of the state of full enlightenment of the Buddha through the realization of the wisdom of emptiness and the cultivation of compassion. Skt. महायान Tib. ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ། Ch. 大乘

Yogācāra - Along with Madhyamaka, it was one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Asaṅga and Vasubandhu around the fourth century CE, many of its central tenets have roots in the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra and the so-called third turning of the dharma wheel (see tridharmacakrapravartana). Skt. योगाचार Tib. རྣལ་འབྱོར་སྤྱོད་པ་ Ch. 瑜伽行派

śūnyatā - The state of being empty of an innate nature due to a lack of independently existing characteristics. Skt. शून्यता Tib. སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ Ch. 空,空門

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