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* <span> Acknowledgments </span><span>vii</span>
* <span> Introduction </span><span>ix</span>
* <span> Conventions and Abbreviations </span><span>xxxiii</span>
* <span> Diplomatic Edition </span><span>1</span>
* <span> Critical Edition </span><span>7</span>
* <span> Critical Edition of Tibetan Text </span><span>29</span>
* <span> Critical Edition of Chinese Texts </span><span>47</span>
* <span> Appendix: Diplomatic Edition of Some Unknown Text(s) which bear(s) a Title ''Pañcarakṣāhṛdayabījamantra'' according to Luo Zhao's Catalogue </span><span>69</span>
* <span> Pāda Index </span><span>76</span>
* <span> Bibliography </span><span>87</span>
+
*<span> Foreword</span><span>VI</span>
*<span> Preface</span><span>IX</span>
*<span> Conventions Used</span><span>XV</span>
*<span> Abbreviations</span><span>XVI</span><br><br>
*<span> Chapter 1: Introduction</span><span>1</span>
**<span> 1.1 Aim and Scope of this Research</span><span>4</span>
**<span> 1.2 Methodologies Employed</span><span>6</span>
**<span> 1.3 Previous Research on the Life and Works of the Eighth Karmapa</span><span>11</span>
**<span> 1.4 Plan of this Book</span><span>23</span><br><br>
*<span> Chapter 2: The Great Seal and 15th to 16th Century Tibet</span><span>25</span>
**<span> 2.1 The Great Seal</span><span>25</span>
***<span> 2.1.1 The bKa' brgyud pa Great Seal: A Brief Overview</span><span>26</span>
***<span> 2.1.2 sGam po pa, Early bKa' brgyud pa, and the First Karmapa</span><span>29</span>
***<span> 2.1.3 Sa skya Paṇḍita, Indian Great Seal, and Later Systematisations</span><span>33</span>
**<span> 2.2 Tibet from the Fifteenth to Sixteenth Centuries: Conflicts between dBus<br> and gTsang</span><span>36</span><br><br>
*<span> Chapter 3: Textual Sources for the Eighth Karmapa's Life and Great Seal</span><span>43</span>
**<span> 3.1 History of the Eighth Karmapa's Writings</span><span>43</span>
**<span> 3.2 The ''Collected Works of the Eighth Karmapa'' 2000–2004: Origins and<br> Rubrics</span><span>49</span>
**<span> 3.3 Sources on the Eighth Karmapa's Great Seal</span><span>54</span>
**<span> 3.4 Spiritual Memoirs and Biographies of the Eighth Karmapa</span><span>58</span><br><br>
*<span> Chapter 4: The Eighth Karmapa: Scholar, Monk, and Yogi</span><span>71</span>
**<span> 4.1 The Eighth Karmapa's Life</span><span>71</span>
***<span> 4.1.1 Birth and Early Childhood (1507–1511)</span><span>72</span>
***<span> 4.1.2 The Dispute about the Incarnation (1512–1513)</span><span>75</span>
***<span> 4.1.3 Early Exposition, Composition, and Travels (1513–1516)</span><span>83</span>
***<span> 4.1.4 Becoming a Scholar and Training the Great Seal (1516–1529)</span><span>86</span>
***<span> 4.1.5 Scholastic Contributions (1530–1550)</span><span>100</span>
***<span> 4.1.6 Travel to rTsa ri, Sickness, and Passing Away (1554)</span><span>108</span>
**<span> 4.2 The Eighth Karmapa: 'Learned and Accomplished One' of his Day</span><span>110</span>
**<span> 4.3 Spiritual Programme for Teaching Meditation</span><span>115</span><br><br>
*<span> Chapter 5: Case Studies of the Eighth Karmapa's Great Seal</span><span>123</span>
**<span> 5.1 Case Studies: Concrete Examples of Teaching the Great Seal</span><span>124</span>
**<span> 5.2 Dialogues in A khu a khra's Spiritual Biography</span><span>125</span>
***<span> 5.2.1 Their Function in the Main Narrative</span><span>125</span>
***<span> 5.2.2 Dialogue with A khu a khra</span><span>128</span>
***<span> 5.2.3 Dialogue with rGya ston Nang so Seng ge ba</span><span>133</span>
***<span> 5.2.4 Dialogue with dGa' ldan dBon po Nam mkha' rgyal mtshan</span><span>136</span>
***<span> 5.2.5 Dialogue with Mi nyag sKya ging Bya bral ba</span><span>139</span>
***<span> 5.2.6 Conceptualisation and ''Dharmakāya''</span><span>142</span>
**<span> 5.3 Answer to Gling drung pa's Query on the Great Seal</span><span>143</span>
***<span> 5.3.1 The Addressee and Other Contexts</span><span>144</span>
***<span> 5.3.2 The Content</span><span>147</span>
***<span> 5.3.3 The Story of sBas mchod: Pedagogy, History, and the Great Seal</span><span>154</span>
***<span> 5.3.4 Great Seal beyond Tantra</span><span>157</span>
**<span> 5.4 Identifying the Blessing: A Mantra Path</span><span>159</span><br><br>
*<span> Chapter 6: Contextualising the Eighth Karmapa's Great Seal Instructions</span><span>163</span>
**<span> 6.1 Basic Distinctions of the Great Seal</span><span>163</span>
**<span> 6.2 Interpretations of Conceptualisation as ''Dharmakāya''</span><span>164</span>
**<span> 6.3 Common Strands and Divergent Interpretations</span><span>168</span>
**<span> 6.4 The Guru as Origin and Example in Vajrayāna and Great Seal<br> Traditions</span><span>173</span>
**<span> 6.5 The Guru as Means in the Eighth Karmapa's Great Seal Instructions</span><span>176</span><br><br>
*<span> Chapter 7: Conclusions</span><span>185</span><br><br>
*<span> Bibliography</span><span>191</span>
*<span> Indian Buddhist Works</span><span>191</span>
*<span> Primary Sources and Secondary Literature in Tibetan Language</span><span>192</span>
*<span> Secondary Literature in Western Languages</span><span>207</span>
*<span> Index</span><span>237</span>
* <span> Foreword ''by Khenpo Lodrö Dönyö Rinpoché''</span><span>vii</span>
* <span> Translators’ Introduction</span><span>1</span>
* The Root Text: The Elements of Tantric Practice<br>
** <span> ''A General Exposition of the Process of Meditation<br>in the Indestructible Way of Secret Mantra''</span><span>37</span>
* <span> 1. A n Introduction to Tantric Meditation</span><span>49</span>
* <span> 2. The Phase of Creation</span><span>59</span>
* <span> 3. Entering Pristine Awareness</span><span>67</span>
* <span> 4. Visualization Sequences</span><span>85</span>
* <span> 5. The Bases of Purification, Purificatory Means,<br> and Results of Purification</span><span>107</span>
* <span> 6. The Phase of Completion</span><span>123</span>
* <span> 7. Father Tantra Systems: Guhyasamaja,<br> Black Yamari, and Red Yamari</span><span>137</span>
* <span> 8. Mother Tantra Systems: Kalachakra<br> and Hevajra</span><span>153</span>
* <span> 9. Mother Tantra Systems: Chakrasamvara</span><span>167</span>
* <span> 10. Mother Tantra Systems: Chatuhpitha,<br> Mahamaya, Buddhakapala, and Tara Yogini</span><span>179</span>
* <span> 11. The Key Elements</span><span>191</span>
* <span> 12. Luminous Clarity and the Completion<br> Phase of Union</span><span>207</span>
* <span> Appendix: Outline of the Text</span><span>217</span>
* <span> Abbreviations</span><span>221</span>
* <span> Notes</span><span>223</span>
* <span> Bibliography of Works Cited by the Author</span><span>411</span>
* <span> Reference Bibliography</span><span>425</span>
* <span> Index</span><span>449</span>
+
*<span> Abbreviations</span><span> ii</span>
*<span> Introduction </span><span>1</span>
*<span> Chapter One- The Life of Rang byung rdo rje </span><span> 6</span>
*<span> Chapter Two- The Textual Corpus of Rang byung</span><span> 14</span>
*<span> Chapter Three- Rang byung and Dol po pa Shes rab rgyal mtshan </span><span>25</span>
*<span> Chapter Four- Explication of the Snying bstan </span><span> 37</span>
*<span> Chapter Five- Apophatic and Kataphatic Tensions in the Snying bstan </span><span>72</span>
*<span> Chapter Six- The Pronouncement on the Enlightened Heart of Buddhahood </span><span>93</span>
*<span> Chapter Seven- Diplomatic Edition of the Snying bstan </span><span>110</span>
*<span> Bibliography-One- Tibetan </span><span>132</span>
*<span> Two- Sanskrit </span><span> 140</span>
*<span> Three- Secondary </span><span> 143</span>
*<span> Four- Works on Apophasis and Kataphasis </span><span>165</span>
*<span> Appendix One- Kong sprul's outline of the Snying bstan (Tibetan/English) </span><span> 168</span>
*<span> Appendix Two- Indian canonical works quoted in the Snying bstan </span><span>173</span>
*<span> Appendix Three- Song on kungzhi and snying po from Rang byung mgur </span><span>174</span>
*<span> Appendix Four- Chapter titles of the Zab mo nang don </span><span>178</span>
*<span> Appendix Five- Fragments from the Zab mo nang don auto-corrunentary</span><span>179</span>
*<span> Appendix Six- Chronology of Rang byung's Life from Si tu </span><span>181</span>
*<span> Appendix Seven- Colophons from Rang byung mgur </span><span>183</span>
+
*<span> Technical Notes</span><span>7</span>
*<span> Introduction</span><span>9</span>
*<span> ''The Essence of Other-Emptiness'' by Tāranātha</span><span>23</span>
**<span> I. General Indication of Presentations of Tenets</span><span>25</span>
***<span> Non-Buddhist Schools of Tenets</span><span>25</span>
***<span> Buddhist Schools of Tenets</span><span>31</span>
****<span> Great Exposition School</span><span>34</span>
****<span> Sūtra School</span><span>42</span>
****<span> Mind-Only School</span><span>52</span>
****<span> Middle Way School</span><span>55</span>
**<span> II. Identifying the Presentation of the Middle</span><span>78</span>
***<span> The Uncommon Meaning</span><span>93</span>
**<span> III. Clearing Away Extremes Imputed by Others</span><span>102</span>
*<span> ''Twenty-one Differences Regarding the Profound Meaning'' by Tāranātha</span><span>117</span>
*<span> List of Abbreviations</span><span>137</span>
*<span> Bibliography</span><span>139</span>
**<span> 1. Sūtras and Tantras</span><span>139</span>
**<span> 2. Other Sanskrit and Tibetan Works</span><span>141</span>
+
* <span> Introduction </span><span>1</span>
* <span> The Wonderful Adornments of the Leaders of the Worlds </span><span>55</span>
* <span> Appearance of the Buddha </span><span>150</span>
* <span> The Meditation of the Enlightening Being Universally Good </span><span>176</span>
* <span> The Formation of the Worlds </span><span>182</span>
* <span> The Flower Bank World </span><span>202</span>
* <span> Vairocana </span><span>254</span>
* <span> Names of the Buddha </span><span>270</span>
* <span> The Four Holy Truths </span><span>276</span>
* <span> Awakening by Light </span><span>282</span>
* <span> An Enlightening Being Asks for Clarification </span><span>298</span>
* <span> Purifying Practice </span><span>312</span>
* <span> Chief in Goodness </span><span>330</span>
* <span> Ascent to the Peak of Mount Sumeru </span><span>368</span>
* <span> Eulogies on Mount Sumeru </span><span>371</span>
* <span> Ten Abodes </span><span>384</span>
* <span> Religious Practice </span><span>401</span>
* <span> The Merit of the Initial Determination for Enlightenment </span><span>404</span>
* <span> Clarifying Method </span><span>425</span>
* <span> Ascent to the Palace of the Suyama Heaven </span><span>438</span>
* <span> Eulogies in the Palace of the Suyama Heaven </span><span>441</span>
* <span> Ten Practices </span><span>454</span>
* <span> Ten Inexhaustible Treasuries </span><span>485</span>
* <span> Ascent to the Palace of the Tushita Heaven </span><span>497</span>
* <span> Eulogies in the Tushita Palace </span><span>516</span>
* <span> Ten Dedications </span><span>530</span>
* <span> The Ten Stages </span><span>695</span>
* <span> The Ten Concentrations </span><span>812</span>
* <span> The Ten Superknowledges </span><span>863</span>
* <span> The Ten Acceptances </span><span>870</span>
* <span> The Incalculable </span><span>889</span>
* <span> Life Span </span><span>905</span>
* <span> Dwelling Places of Enlightening Beings </span><span>906</span>
* <span> Inconceivable Qualities of Buddhas </span><span>908</span>
* <span> The Ocean of Physical Marks of the Ten Bodies of Buddha </span><span>933</span>
* <span> The Qualities of the Buddha's Embellishments and Lights </span><span>946</span>
* <span> The Practice of Universal Good </span><span>952</span>
* <span> Manifestation of Buddha </span><span>970</span>
* <span> Detachment from the World </span><span>1022</span>
* <span> Entry into the Realm of Reality </span><span>1135</span>
* <span> Appendix 1: Technical Terminology and Symbolism in The Flower Ornament Scripture </span><span>1521</span>
* <span> Appendix 2: Amplifications of Book 39 </span><span>1535</span>
* <span> Appendix 3: Commentary on Book 39 by Li Tongxuan </span><span>1545</span>
* <span> Glossary </span><span>1631</span>
*<span> ''List o fIllustrations''</span><span>ix</span>
*<span> ''List of Tables''</span><span>xi</span>
*<span> ''Preface''</span><span>xiii</span>
*<span> ''Abbreviations and Conventions''</span><span>xvii</span>
'''PART ONE: STUDY'''
*<span> '''Chapter One:''' The ''Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra'' as an Apocryphal Scripture</span><span>3</span>
**<span> Problems and Prospects of Studying the ''Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra''</span><span>4</span>
**<span> The Eclecticism of the ''Vajrasamādhi''</span><span>24</span>
**<span> The Model for the ''Vajrasamādhi'''s Narrative Structure</span><span>29</span>
**<span> The ''Vajrasamādhi'' in the Chinese Catalogues</span><span>33</span>
*<span> '''Chapter Two:''' The Hagiographies of the Korean Scholiast Wǒnhyo: The Dating<br> and Provenance of the ''Vajrasamādhi''</span><span>41</span>
**<span> The ''Sung Kao-seng chuan'' Hagiography and the Provenance of the<br>''Vajrasamādhi''</span><span>43</span>
**<span> The ''Samguk Yusa'' Hagiography and the Dating of the ''Vajrasamādhi''</span><span> 60</span>
*<span> '''Chapter Three:''' The Doctrinal Teachings of the ''Vajrasamādhi''</span><span>74</span>
**<span> The Acculturation of Buddhism to East Asia</span><span>74</span>
**<span> Tathāgatagarbha and the Immanence of Enlightenment</span><span>78</span>
**<span> Amalavijñāna and the Innate Purity of Mind</span><span>92</span>
**<span> The Meaning of "Vajrasamādhi": The Practical Implications of Innate Enlightenment</span><span>104</span>
**<span> The ''Vajrasamādhi'''s Message to Silla Buddhists</span><span>115</span>
*<span> '''Chapter Four:''' Ch'an Elements in the ''Vajrasamādhi'': Evidence for the Authorship<br> of the Sūtra</span><span>123</span>
**<span> Ch'an Influences in the ''Vajrasamādhi''</span><span>123</span>
**<span> Early Korean Sǒn and the Legend of Pǒmnang</span><span>164</span>
**<span> The Authorship Problem</span><span>170</span>
**<span> The Legacy of the ''Vajrasamādhi''</span><span>177</span>
**<span> The Place of the ''Vajrasamādhi'' in the Evolution of Ch'an</span><span>179</span>
'''PART TWO: TRANSLATION'''
*<span> The ''Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra'' (''Book of Adamantine Absorption'')</span><span>184</span>
**<span> Chapter One: Prologue</span><span>185</span>
**<span> Chapter Two: The Signless Dharma</span><span>188</span>
**<span> Chapter Three: The Practice of Nonproduction</span><span>196</span>
**<span> Chapter Four: The Inspiration of Original Enlightenment</span><span>202</span>
**<span> Chapter Five: Approaching the Edge of Reality</span><span>211</span>
**<span> Chapter Six: The Voidness of the True Nature</span><span>224</span>
**<span> Chapter Seven: The Tathāgatagarbha</span><span>232</span>
**<span> Chapter Eight: Dhāraṇī (Codes)</span><span>240</span>
**<span> Epilogue</span><span>249</span>
**<span> ''Glossary of Chinese Logographs''</span><span>252</span>
**<span> ''Works Cited''</span><span>265</span>
**<span> ''Index''</span><span>293</span>
* <span> Preface</span><span>vii</span>
* <span> Acknowledgment</span><span>xiii</span>
* ''I: Essence of Tantra''
* <span> by The Dalai Lama</span><span>1</span>
** <span> Tantra for Practice</span><span>3</span>
** <span> Refuge</span><span>15</span>
** <span> Lesser Vehicle and Great Vehicle</span><span>2-3</span>
** <span> Vajrayāna</span><span>33</span>
** <span> Clear Light</span><span>39</span>
** <span> Greatness of Mantra</span><span>45</span>
** <span> Clarification</span><span>51</span>
** <span> Initiation</span><span>61</span>
* ''II: The Great Exposition of Secret Mantra''
* <span> by Tsongkhapa</span><span>63</span>
** <span> Reasons for Faith</span><span>65</span>
** <span> Paths to Buddhahood</span><span>73</span>
** <span> Vajra Vehicle</span><span>87</span>
** <span> Deity Yoga</span><span>101</span>
** <span> Method in the Four Tantras</span><span>115</span>
** <span> One Goal</span><span>127</span>
** <span> Identifying the Four Tantras</span><span>139</span>
** <span> Preparation for Mantra</span><span>155</span>
* ''III: Supplement''
* <span> by Jeffrey Hopkins</span><span>161</span>
** <span> Rehearsing the Differences between the Vehicles</span><span>163</span>
** <span> Quintessential Points on the Difference between the Lesser Vehicle and<br>Great Vehicle and the Two Great Vehicles</span><span>189</span>
** <span> Emptiness</span><span>195</span>
** <span> Psychological Transformation</span><span>211</span>
** <span> Purpose of the Four Tantras</span><span>223</span>
* <span> Appendix</span><span>233</span>
* <span> Notes</span><span>237</span>
* <span> Glossary</span><span>231</span>
* <span> Bibliography</span><span>261</span>
* <span> Index</span><span>276</span>
+
* <span> Foreword</span><span>7</span>
* <span> Acknowledgements</span><span>9</span>
* <span> Introduction</span><span>11</span>
* <span> The Virtuous Beginning</span><span>19</span>
** <span> 1. An Introduction to the Text</span><span>21</span>
* Virtuous in the Middle • The Main Teaching
** <span> 2. The Identification of the Awakened Mind</span><span>29</span>
** <span> 3. Preliminaries and Refuge</span><span>35</span>
** <span> 4. Developing the Awakened Mind</span><span>45</span>
** <span> 5. How to Overcome Obstacles</span><span>53</span>
** <span> 6. The Sublime Exchange of Happiness and Suffering</span><span>63</span>
** <span> 7. The Root of Suffering</span><span>71</span>
** <span> 8. Stages of Training in the Ultimate Awakened Mind</span><span>75</span>
** <span> 9. The Great Perfection</span><span>85</span>
** <span> 10. Deviations from the View</span><span>95</span>
** <span> 11. Post Meditation: The Six Transcendent Perfections</span><span>99</span>
* <span> Virtuous at the Conclusion</span><span>105</span>
** <span> 12. Dedication of Merit</span><span>107</span>
* <span> Root text</span><span>111</span>
* <span> Endnotes</span><span>129</span>
* <span> Glossary</span><span>130</span>
+
*<span> ''Foreword''</span><span>9</span>
Part One: Introductory Matter
*<span> ''1 Bibliographical Considerations''</span><span>15</span>
**<span> 1.1 Non-Tibetan Works of Modern Scholarship</span><span>15</span>
**<span> 1.2 Tibetan Sources on rNgog Io's Life</span><span>24</span>
***<span> 1.2.1 Pre-20 th-Century Accounts</span><span>25</span>
***<span> 1.2.2 Tibetan Works of Modern Scholarship</span><span>28</span>
*<span> ''2 The Main Events of rNgog Io's Life: A Biographical Sketch''</span><span>31</span>
**<span> 2.1 Birth and Youth in Tibet (1059- 1076)</span><span>31</span>
**<span> 2.2 Travels and Studies Abroad (1076-ca. 1092)</span><span>38</span>
**<span> 2.3 Final Years and Death in Tiber (ca. 1092-1109)</span><span>42</span>
*<span> ''3 rNgog lo's Work as a Translator''</span><span>45</span>
**<span> 3.1 Tibetan Translators: Some General Remarks</span><span>45</span>
**<span> 3.2 Works Translated or Revised by rNgog lo</span><span>51</span>
***<span> 3.2.1 Translations in the bKa' 'gyur</span><span>53</span>
***<span> 3.2.2 Translations in the bsTan 'gyur</span><span>54</span>
***<span> 3.2.3 Uncertain Cases</span><span>68</span>
*<span> ''4 Gro lung pa's Biography of rNgog lo: Some Remarks on Author and Text''</span><span>71</span>
**<span> 4.1 Author</span><span>71</span>
**<span> 4.2 Text</span><span>73</span>
Part Two: Translation
*<span> ''5 Partial Translation of rNgog lo's Biography by Gro lung pa''</span><span>81</span>
**<span> (Including:) A List of rNgog lo's Translations</span><span>103</span>
**<span> A List of rNgog lo's Works</span><span>109</span>
**<span> Colophons</span><span>114</span>
Appendices
*<span> ''Appendix One: Canonical Texts Translated or Revised by rNgog lo''</span><span>121</span>
**<span> 1.1 Translations in the bKa' 'gyur</span><span>121</span>
**<span> 1.2 Translations in the bs Tan 'gyur</span><span>121</span>
**<span> 1.3 Uncertain Cases</span><span>122</span>
*<span> ''Appendix Two: rNgog lo's Translation Collaborators Grouped According to Country of<br>Origin''</span><span>124</span>
**<span> 2.1 Kashmiris</span><span>124</span>
**<span> 2.2 Indians</span><span>124</span>
**<span> 2.3 Nepalese</span><span>125</span>
**<span> 2.4 Tibetans</span><span>125</span>
**<span> 2.5 Country of Origin Uncertain</span><span>125</span>
*<span> ''Appendix Three: Two Lists of rNgog lo's Works''</span><span>126</span>
**<span> 3.1 The List of Bu ston Rin chen grub (1290-1364)</span><span>126</span>
**<span> 3.2 The List of gSer mdog paṇ chen Shākya mchog ldan (1428- 1507)</span><span>126</span>
*<span> ''Appendix Four: Canonical Quotations in Gro lung pa's Biography of rNgog lo''</span><span>128</span>
**<span> 4.1 ''Abhidharmakośa'' (Vasubandhu)</span><span>128</span>
**<span> 4.2 ''Abhisamayālaṃkāra'' (Maitreya[nātha])</span><span>129</span>
**<span> 4.3 ''Bodhicaryāvatāra'' (Śāntideva)</span><span>129</span>
**<span> 4.4 ''Madhyamakahṛdaya'' (Bhavya)</span><span>130</span>
**<span> 4.5 ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' (Maitreya[nātha])</span><span>131</span>
**<span> 4.6 ''Suhṛllekha'' (Nāgārjuna)</span><span>131</span>
*<span> ''Appendix Five: Text of the Biography Reproduced from the Xylograph''</span><span>132</span>
Abbreviations and Bibliography
*<span> ''Abbreviations''</span><span>151</span>
*<span> ''Bibliography''</span><span>152</span>
**<span> Tibetan Primary Sources</span><span>152</span>
**<span> Tibetan Secondary Sources</span><span>155</span>
**<span> Sources in Other Languages</span><span>156</span>
*<span> ''lndex''</span><span>170</span>
**<span> Sanskrit Works</span><span>170</span>
**<span> Personal Names</span><span>171</span>
**<span> General Index</span><span>175</span>
*<span> Abstract</span><span>5-6</span>
*<span> Acknowledgements</span><span>6-7</span>
*<span> Introductory Remarks</span><span>8-9</span>
*<span> The Present Study</span><span>9-10</span>
*Review of Literature
**<span> Primary Sources and Editions</span><span>10-18</span>
***Modern Works and Authors
***Pre-Modern Works and Authors
***<span> Secondary Sources and Studies</span><span>18-44</span>
*<span> Methodological Considerations</span><span>44-46</span>
**<span> Translation Method</span><span> 47-49</span>
*<span> Contributions of the Present Work</span><span>49-52</span>
*I. Jo nang Gzhan stong Genesis
**<span> A) The Tibetan Gzhan stong Discourse</span><span> 52-57</span>
**B) Historical Sources for Gzhan stong Madhyamaka
***Sūtra Gzhan stong and Tantra Gzhan stong
****<span> Sūtra and Tantra</span><span>57-59</span>
****<span> Sūtra Gzhan stong</span><span>59-62</span>
****<span> Tantra Gzhan stong</span><span>63-65</span>
***Mkhan po Blo grags’ History of Sūtra Gzhan stong
****<span> Early Mahāyāna Tradition in India</span><span>66‐69</span>
****<span> Later Mahāyāna Tradition in India</span><span>69‐71</span>
****<span> Indian Masters in the Sūtra Gzhan stong Lineage</span><span>72‐74</span>
****<span> Tibetan Forefathers in the Sūtra Gzhan ston Lineage</span><span>75‐76</span>
***Mkhan po Blo grags’ History of Tantra Gzhan stong
****<span> Indian Masters in the Tantra Gzhan ston Lineage</span><span> 76-78</span>
****<span> Tibetan Forefathers in the Tantra Gzhan stong Lineage</span><span>78-80</span>
***Early Jo nang pa and the Synthesis of Sūtra and Tantra
****<span> Early Jo nang Lineage Masters</span><span>80-83</span>
****<span> Dol po pa and his Dharma Heirs</span><span>83-86</span>
***Later Jo nang pa and the Transmission to ‘Dzam thang
****<span> Later Jo nang Lineage Masters</span><span>86-89</span>
****<span> The Jo nang pa in A mdo </span><span>89-92</span>
**C) Mkhan po Blo grag’s Life and Works
***<span> Mkhan po Blo grag’s Essential Hagiography</span><span>92-97</span>
*II. Jo nang Gzhan stong Exegesis
**A) Literary Sources for Gzhan stong Madhyamaka
***Māhāyana Hermeneutics
****<span> The Indic Context</span><span>97-99</span>
****<span> The Four-fold Reliance</span><span> 99-104</span>
***<span> Śākyamuni’s Three Turnings </span><span>104-109</span>
****<span> Defining Neyārtha and Nītārtha</span><span>109‐113</span>
***Gzhan stong Canonical Literature
****<span> Core Gzhan stong Sources</span><span>113-117</span>
****<span> Great Madhyamaka and the Cittamātra Sūtras</span><span>117‐122</span>
**B.) The Gzhan stong Chen mo
***<span> Gzhi, Lam, ‘Bras bu as a Coherent Structure</span><span>122-124</span>
***<span> The Gzhan stong Chen mo in its Curricular Context</span><span>124-128</span>
*III. The Gzhi Section of the Gzhan stong Chen mo
*<span> Technical Notes</span><span>128-129</span>
*Annotated Translation: Chapter I.A
*<span> An Explanation of Profound Abiding Reality's Ground [folio #86-180]</span><span>129-143</span>
*I. Actual abiding reality of the distinctive ground
**A. How enlightened essence is the ground expanse
***<span> (1) How Profound Pristine Awareness is the Actuality of Phenomena</span><span>143-146</span>
***<span> (2) How the Expanse and Awareness Encompasses Everything Stable<br>and Wavering </span><span>146-150</span>
***<span> (3) How the Three Precious Jewels are the Actuality of Phenomena<br>Resides</span><span>150-155</span>
***<span> (4) How Enlightened Essence is Taught in Examples</span><span>155-193</span>
***<span> (5) How the Naturally Abiding Spiritual Affinity is Equal</span><span>193-197</span>
***<span> (6) How the Three Patterns of Phenomena Reside</span><span>197-200</span>
***<span> (7) How the Three Patterns of What Exists Reside</span><span>200-202</span>
***<span> (8) How the Dimension of Phenomena Does Not Divide Ground<br>from Fruition</span><span>202-207</span>
***<span> (9) How Every Enlightened Quality is Subsumed</span><span>207-219</span>
***<span> (10) How to Unravel the Intent of the Master Nāgārjuna and<br>His Heirs</span><span>219-226</span>
***<span> Epilogue</span><span>226-228</span>
*<span> Appendix I.: Mkhan po Blo gros Grags pa's Topical Outline (sa bcad) of the<br>Gzhan stong Chen mo: Chapter I.A </span><span>229-248</span>
*<span> Appendix II: Tā ra nā tha's "Supplication to the Profound Gzhan stong<br>Madhyamaka Lineage"</span><span>249-269</span>
*<span> Appendix III: Btsan Kha bo che’s Condensation of the Three Natures</span><span>270-271</span>
*<span> Endnotes</span><span>272</span>
*<span> Primary Source Reference List</span><span>293</span>
*<span> Secondary Source Reference List</span><span>300</span>
* <span> Translator's introduction</span><span>9</span>
* <span> Gyalse Ngulchu Thogme (1295-1369)</span><span>11</span>
* <span> THE ROOT TEXT</span><span>27</span>
* <span> THE COMMENTARY</span><span>37</span>
** <span> INTRODUCTION</span><span>39</span>
** <span> OPENING VERSES</span><span>44</span>
*** <span> Homage</span><span>44</span>
** <span> PART ONE – THE PREPARATION</span><span>51</span>
*** <span> First, the need to give meaning to this human existence of yours, so rare<br>and difficult to obtain</span><span>51</span>
*** <span> Second, an exhortation to abandon your native land, the source of the<br>three poisons</span><span>58</span>
*** <span> Third, a recommendation to live in solitary places, the source of all<br>good qualities</span><span>60</span>
*** <span> Fourth, to reflect on impermanence, in order to give up the concerns of<br>this life</span><span>63</span>
*** <span> Fifth, the need to avoid unsuitable friends, being with whom creates<br>adverse circumstances</span><span>68</span>
*** <span> Sixth, to rely on a spiritual teacher, whose presence creates conditions favorable to your progress</span><span>69</span>
*** <span> Seventh, to go for refuge, the entrance to the Buddhist teachings</span><span>72</span>
** <span> PART TWO – THE MAIN TEACHINGS, ILLUMINATING THE PATH</span><span>81</span>
*** <span> First, the path for beings of lesser capacity</span><span>81</span>
*** <span> Second, the path for beings of medium capacity</span><span>85</span>
*** <span> Third, the path for beings of superior capacity</span><span>90</span>
**** <span> 1. The bodhicitta of intention</span><span>90</span>
**** <span> 2. The bodhicitta of application</span><span>97</span>
***** <span> I. Relative bodhicitta</span><span>97</span>
****** <span> A. The meditation practice of exchanging oneself and<br>others</span><span>98</span>
****** <span> B. The post-meditation practice of using unfavorable circumstances on the path</span><span>106</span>
******* <span> i. Using on the path the four things that you do not<br> want to happen</span><span>106</span>
******** <span> a. How to use loss on the path</span><span>107</span>
******** <span> b. How to use suffering on the path</span><span>109</span>
******** <span> c. How to use disgrace on the path</span><span>111</span>
******** <span> d. How to use disparagement on the path</span><span>112</span>
******* <span> ii. Using on the path the two things that are difficult to bear</span><span>115</span>
******** <span> a. How to use on the path being wronged in return<br>for kindness</span><span>115</span>
******** <span> b. How to use humiliation on the path</span><span>116</span>
******* <span> iii. Using deprivation and prosperity on the path</span><span>117</span>
******** <span> a. How to use deprivation on the path</span><span>117</span>
******** <span> b. How to use prosperity on the path</span><span>119</span>
******* <span> iv. Using hatred and desire on the path</span><span>120</span>
******** <span> a. How to use objects of hatred on the path</span><span>120</span>
******** <span> b. How to use objects of desire on the path</span><span>123</span>
***** <span> II. Absolute bodhicitta</span><span>125</span>
****** <span> A. The meditation practice of remaining in a state free of conceptual elaborations without any clinging</span><span>125</span>
****** <span> B. The post-meditation practice of abandoning any belief in<br>the objects of desire and aversion as truly existing</span><span>132</span>
******* <span> i. Abandoning any belief in the objects of desire as truly existing</span><span>132</span>
******* <span> ii. Abandoning any belief in the objects of aversion as<br>truly existing</span><span>133</span>
**** <span> 3. The precepts for training in those practices</span><span>136</span>
***** <span> I. Training in the Six Transcendent Perfections</span><span>136</span>
****** <span> A. Transcendent generosity</span><span>136</span>
****** <span> B. Transcendent discipline</span><span>139</span>
****** <span> C. Transcendent patience</span><span>141</span>
****** <span> D. Transcendent diligence</span><span>144</span>
****** <span> E. Transcendent concentration</span><span>148</span>
****** <span> F. Transcendent wisdom</span><span>152</span>
***** <span> II. Training in the Four Instructions taught in the Sutra</span><span>157</span>
****** <span> A. To examine oneselffor one's own defects and to give them<br>up </span><span>157</span>
****** <span> B. To give up speaking of a bodhisattva's faults</span><span>160</span>
****** <span> C. To give up attachment to a sponsor's property</span><span>163</span>
****** <span> D. To give up harsh speech</span><span>165</span>
***** <span> III. Training in how to be rid of the negative emotions</span><span>166</span>
***** <span> IV. Training in accomplishing others' good with mindfulness and vigilance</span><span>170</span>
***** <span> V. Dedicating the merit to perfect enlightenment</span><span>173</span>
** <span> CONCLUDING VERSES</span><span>177</span>
*** <span> 1. How and for whom this text was composed</span><span>177</span>
*** <span> 2. The unerring nature of these practices</span><span>179</span>
*** <span> 3. A humble prayer for forgiveness</span><span>180</span>
*** <span> 4. Dedicating the merit of having composed this text</span><span>181</span>
*** <span> 5. The colophon</span><span>182</span>
** <span> Final Advice</span><span>182</span>
** <span> About Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (1910-1991)</span><span>185</span>
** <span> APPENDIX</span><span>191</span>
*** <span> Appendix I • Supplementary Commentaries on the Spiritual Teacher<br>(Verse 6)</span><span>193</span>
**** <span> A. The right and wrong teacher</span><span>193</span>
**** <span> B. A Practice of Guru Yoga</span><span>195</span>
*** <span> Appendix II • Supplementary Commentary on Desire (Verse 21)</span><span>199</span>
**** <span> The Dangers of Meat, Alcohol and Sex</span><span>199</span>
*** <span> Appendix III • Supplementary Commentaries on Transcendent<br>Concentration (Verse 29)</span><span>202</span>
**** <span> A. Sustained Calm and Profound Insight</span><span>202</span>
**** <span> B. Concentration</span><span>206</span>
*** <span> Appendix IV • Supplementary Commentaries on Transcendent<br>Wisdom</span><span>208</span>
*** <span> Appendix V • Mind-Training Prayer</span><span>211</span>
*** <span> Notes</span><span>218</span>
*** <span> Bibliography</span><span>230</span>
<center>Abbreviations vii</center>
<center>Translators’ Introduction ix</center><br><br>
<center>ONE</center>
<center>''Fukanzazengi'' 普勧坐禅儀</center>
<center>(Universal Promotion of the Principles of Zazen) 1</center><br><br>
<center>TWO</center>
<center>Bendōwa 辦道話</center>
<center>(Negotiating the Way) 7</center><br><br>
<center>THREE</center>
<center>''Ikka Myōju'' 一 顆明珠</center>
<center>(One Bright Pearl) 31</center><br><br>
<center>FOUR</center>
<center>''Genjōkōan'' 現成公案</center>
<center>(Manifesting Suchness) 39</center><br><br>
<center>FIVE</center>
<center>''Uji'' 有時</center>
<center>(Being-Time) 47</center><br><br>
<center>SIX</center>
<center>''Busshō'' 仏性</center>
<center>(Buddha-nature) 59</center><br><br>
<center>SEVEN</center>
<center>''Sammai-Ō-Zammai'' 三昧王三昧</center>
<center>(The King of Samadhis Samadhi) 99</center><br><br>
<center>EIGHT</center>
<center>''Shōji'' 生死</center>
<center>(Birth and Death) 105</center><br><br>
<center>NINE</center>
<center>''Zazengi'' 坐禅儀</center>
<center>(The Principles of Zazen) 109</center><br><br>
<center>Bibliography 111</center>
<center>Index 113</center>
+
* <span> Introduction</span><span>7</span>
* <span> The Heart of the Matter</span><span> 9</span>
* <span> The Final Words</span><span>93</span>
* <span> Afterword</span><span>105</span>
* <span> Texts Quoted</span><span>107</span>
* <span> Notes</span><span>111</span>
+
* <span> PREFACE</span><span>vii</span>
* <span> BIBLIOGRAPHY</span><span>xiii</span>
* INTRODUCTION
* <span> I. Apologetic</span><span>1</span>
* <span> II. Origins</span><span>11</span>
* <span> III. Subject-matter</span><span>19</span>
* <span> IV. Observations</span><span>39</span>
* TRANSLATION
* PART I
** <span> Chapter i. The Body of Hevajra</span><span>47</span>
** <span> Chapter ii. Mantras</span><span>50</span>
** <span> Chapter iii. Hevajra and his Troupe</span><span>56</span>
** <span> Chapter iv. Self-consecration</span><span>59</span>
** <span> Chapter v. Reality</span><span>60</span>
** <span> Chapter vi. The Performance</span><span>63</span>
** <span> Chapter vii. Secret Signs</span><span>66</span>
** <span> Chapter viii. The Troupe of Yoginīs</span><span>73</span>
** <span> Chapter ix. The Spherès of Purification</span><span>78</span>
** <span> Chapter x. Consecration</span><span>81</span>
** <span> Chapter xi. The Four Gazes</span><span>84</span>
* PART II
** <span> Chapter i. Consecrations and Oblations</span><span>88</span>
** <span> Chapter ii. The Certainty of Success</span><span>89</span>
** <span> Chapter iii. The Basis of all Tantras</span><span>94</span>
** <span> Chapter iv. Answers to Various Questions</span><span>100</span>
** <span> Chapter v. The Manifestation of Hevajra</span><span>109</span>
** <span> Chapter vi. The Making of a Painting</span><span>114</span>
** <span> Chapter vii. Books and Feasting</span><span>115</span>
** <span> Chapter viii. Subjugating</span><span>116</span>
** <span> Chapter ix. Mantras</span><span>116</span>
** <span> Chapter x. On Reciting Mantras</span><span>118</span>
** <span> Chapter xi. The Five Families</span><span>118</span>
** <span> Chapter xii. The Four Consecrations</span><span>119</span>
** <span> RESUME OF CONTENTS</span><span>121</span>
** <span> DIAGRAMS</span><span>126</span>
** <span> GLOSSARY OF SPECIAL TERMS</span><span>131</span>
** <span> INDEX</span><span>143</span>
+
* <span> Publisher's Note</span><span>vii</span>
* <span> About the Author</span><span>viii</span>
* Part I:
** <span> The Root Text-The Jewel Ladder</span><span>1</span>
* Part II
** Commentary/Introductory Teachings
** <span> Preliminaries of Composing the Text</span><span>51</span>
** <span> Qualities of an Author</span><span>53</span>
** <span> Obeisance</span><span>55</span>
** <span> Promise to Compose</span><span>57</span>
** <span> Preliminaries of the Actual Text</span><span>58</span>
** <span> Extensive motivation-generation of Mind of Enlightenment</span><span>59</span>
** <span> Precepts of the Aspiring Mind of Enlightenment</span><span>64</span>
** <span> Precepts of the venturing Mind of Enlightenment-the six perfections</span><span>66</span>
** <span> Perfection of Generosity</span><span>66</span>
** <span> Perfection of Morality</span><span>67</span>
** <span> Perfection Patience</span><span>68</span>
** <span> Perfection of Enthusiastic Perseverance</span><span>68</span>
** <span> Perfection of Concentration</span><span>69</span>
** <span> Perfection of Wisdom</span><span>69</span>
** <span> Benefits of the Mind of Enlightenment</span><span>70</span>
** <span> Extensive means-generating motivation according to secret mantrayana<br>tradition</span><span>72</span>
** <span> Taking Faith as a Path</span><span>72</span>
** <span> Taking Aspiration as a Path</span><span>73</span>
** <span> Behaviour</span><span>74</span>
** <span> How a Teacher must give a Discourse</span><span>74</span>
** <span> Three Scopes of Person</span><span>76</span>
** <span> The Four Common Points</span><span>79</span>
** <span> The Difficulty of Finding a Precious Human Rebirth</span><span>79</span>
** <span> Recognizing the Freedom and Endowments</span><span>79</span>
** <span> Rarity of Finding a Precious Human Rebirth</span><span>84</span>
** <span> Significance of Precious Human Rebirth</span><span>87</span>
** <span> Contemplating Death and Impermanence of Human Rebirth</span><span>89</span>
** <span> Death is Certain</span><span>90</span>
** <span> The Time of Death is Uncertain</span><span>93</span>
** <span> At Death only Dharma is of Benefit</span><span>96</span>
** <span> Contemplating the Drawbacks of Cyclic Existence</span><span>99</span>
** <span> The Sufferings of the Three Lower Realms</span><span>100</span>
** <span> The Sufferings of the Hot Hells</span><span>104</span>
** <span> The Sufferings of the Cold Hells</span><span>109</span>
** <span> The suffering of the Neighbouring hells</span><span>112</span>
** <span> The sufferings of Occasional hells</span><span>116</span>
** <span> The Sufferings of the Hungry Ghosts</span><span>119</span>
** <span> The Sufferings of the Animals</span><span>123</span>
** <span> The Sufferings of the Higher Realms</span><span>127</span>
** <span> The Nature of the three types of Sufferings</span><span>138</span>
** <span> Contemplating the Law of Cause and Effect</span><span>138</span>
** <span> The General Contemplation of Cause and Effect</span><span>139</span>
** <span> The Specific Contemplation of Cause and Effect</span><span>143</span>
** <span> Transforming the Unspecified Karmas into Virtues</span><span>159</span>
** <span> A Summary of the Four Noble Truths</span><span>163</span>
** <span> The Truth of Origin of Suffering</span><span>166</span>
** <span> The Truth of Suffering</span><span>170</span>
** <span> The Truth of Path</span><span>173</span>
** <span> The Truth of Cessation</span><span>178</span>
** <span> Concluding Remarks on the Four Noble Truths</span><span>180</span>
** <span> Taking Refuge</span><span>183</span>
** <span> Footnotes</span><span>188</span>
* Part III
** <span> Guide to the Nyingma Lamrim (''Kun-bzang bla-ma'i zhal-lung'')</span><span>197</span>
* Part IV
** <span> Guide to the Nyingma Lamrim - Tibetan text</span><span>213</span>
** Foreword by Chögyam Trungpa
** <span> ''Preface''</span><span>vii</span>
** <span> ''Introduction''</span><span>ix</span>
* <span> 1. The Motive</span><span>1</span>
* <span> 2. The Working Basis</span><span>14</span>
* <span> 3. Meeting Spiritual Friends</span><span>30</span>
* <span> 4. The Instruction in the Transitoriness of the Composite</span><span>41</span>
* <span> 5. The Vicious State of Samsāra</span><span>55</span>
* <span> 6. Karma and Its Result</span><span>74</span>
* <span> 7. Benevolence and Compassion</span><span>91</span>
* <span> 8. Taking Refuge</span><span>99</span>
* <span> 9. The Acquisition of an Enlightened Attitude</span><span>112</span>
* <span> 10. Training in an Enlightened Attitude</span><span>142</span>
* <span> 11. The Six Perfections</span><span>148</span>
* <span> 12. The Perfection of Liberality</span><span>152</span>
* <span> 13. The Perfection of Ethics and Manners</span><span>163</span>
* <span> 14. The Perfection of Patience</span><span>173</span>
* <span> 15. The Perfection of Strenuousness</span><span>181</span>
* <span> 16. The Perfection of Meditative Concentration</span><span>187</span>
* <span> 17. The Perfection of Awareness</span><span>202</span>
* <span> 18. The Five Paths</span><span>232</span>
* <span> 19. The Spiritual Levels</span><span>239</span>
* <span> 20. Perfect Buddhahood</span><span>257</span>
* <span> 21. Buddha Activity</span><span>271</span>
** <span> ''Pronunciation Guide''</span><span>277</span>
** <span> ''Index of Book Titles, A. Tibetan''</span><span>283</span>
** <span> ''Index of Book Titles, B. Sanskrit''</span><span>291</span>
** <span> ''Index of Book Titles, C. Pāli''</span><span>294</span>
** <span> ''Index of Technical Terms, A. Tibetan''</span><span>295</span>
** <span> ''Index of Technical Terms, B. Sanskrit''</span><span>302</span>
** <span> ''Index of Names and Subjects''</span><span>311</span>
+
* <span> Foreword by His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama</span><span>13</span>
* <span> Acknowledgments</span><span>14</span>
* <span> Translator's Introduction</span><span>15</span>
<br>
* <span> Homage</span><span>44</span>
* <span> Introduction</span><span>45</span>
* <span> '''Part 1: The Primary Cause''' </span><span>47</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 1: Buddha-Nature''' </span><span>49</span>
** <span> I. Disconnected Family </span><span>50</span>
** <span> II. Indefinite Family </span><span>51</span>
** <span> III. Hearer Family </span><span>51</span>
** <span> IV. Solitary Realizer Family </span><span>51</span>
** <span> V. Mahayana Family</span><span>53</span>
*** <span> A. Classification</span><span>53</span>
*** <span> B. Definition</span><span>53</span>
*** <span> C. Synonyms</span><span>53</span>
*** <span> D. Superiority</span><span>54</span>
*** <span> E. Causal Characteristics</span><span>54</span>
*** <span> F. Marks</span><span>54</span>
<br>
* <span> '''Part 2: The Working Basis''' </span><span> 57</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 2: The Precious Human Life''' </span><span>59</span>
** <span> I. Leisure </span><span>59</span>
** <span> II. Endowment </span><span>60</span>
** <span> III. Trusting Faith </span><span>65</span>
** <span> IV. Longing Faith </span><span>65</span>
** <span> V. Clear Faith </span><span>65</span>
<br>
* <span> '''Part 3: The Contributory Cause''' </span><span> 67</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 3: The Spiritual Master''' </span><span> 69</span>
** <span> I. Reason </span><span>69</span>
** <span> II. Classification </span><span>71</span>
** <span> III. Characteristics of Each Classification </span><span>72</span>
** <span> IV. Method </span><span>73</span>
** <span> V. Benefits </span><span>75</span>
<br>
* <span> '''Part 4: The Method''' </span><span> 77</span>
* <span> Introduction to Part 4 </span><span>79</span>
* <span> '''''Antidote to Attachment to this Life''''' </span><span>81</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 4: Impermanence''' </span><span>83</span>
** <span> I. Classification </span><span>83</span>
** <span> II. Method of Meditation </span><span>84</span>
** <span> III. Beneficial Effects of Meditation </span><span>91</span>
* <span> '''''Antidote to Attachment to Samsara's Pleasure'''''</span><span>93</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 5: The Suffering of Samsara''' </span><span>95</span>
** <span> I. All-Pervasive Suffering </span><span>95</span>
** <span> II. The Suffering of Change </span><span>96</span>
** <span> III. The Suffering of Suffering </span><span>97</span>
*** <span> A. Hell Realm </span><span>97</span>
*** <span> B. Hungry Ghost Realm </span><span>102</span>
*** <span> C. Animal Realm </span><span>102</span>
*** <span> D. Human Realms </span><span>103</span>
*** <span> E. Demi-God Realm </span><span>108</span>
*** <span> F. God Realm </span><span>108</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 6: Karma and its Result''' </span><span>111</span>
** <span> I. Classification </span><span>112</span>
** <span> II. Primary Characteristics of Each Classification </span><span>112</span>
*** <span> A. Non-Meritorious Karma and its Result</span><span>112</span>
**** <span> 1. Taking Life</span><span>112</span>
**** <span> 2. Stealing</span><span>113</span>
**** <span> 3. Sexual Misconduct</span><span>113</span>
**** <span> 4. Lying</span><span>114</span>
**** <span> 5. Divisive Speech</span><span>114</span>
**** <span> 6. Harsh Words</span><span>114</span>
**** <span> 7. Idle Talk</span><span>115</span>
**** <span> 8. Covetousness</span><span>115</span>
**** <span> 9. Harmful Thought</span><span>116</span>
**** <span> 10. Wrong Views</span><span>116</span>
*** <span> B. Meritorious Karma and Result</span><span>117</span>
*** <span> C. Karma and Result of Unshakable Meditative Concentration</span><span>118</span>
** <span> III. Ascription </span><span>119</span>
** <span> IV. Strict Result </span><span>120</span>
** <span> V. Increase from the Small </span><span>120</span>
** <span> VI. Inevitability </span><span>121</span>
* <span> '''''Antidote to Attachment to the Pleasure of Peace''''' </span><span>123</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 7: Loving-Kindness and Compassion''' </span><span>125</span>
** <span> I. The Practice of Loving-Kindness </span><span>125</span>
*** <span> A. Classification</span><span>126</span>
*** <span> B. Object</span><span>126</span>
*** <span> C. Identifying Characteristic</span><span>126</span>
*** <span> D. Method of Practice</span><span>126</span>
*** <span> E. Measure of the Practice</span><span>129</span>
*** <span> F. Qualities of the Practice</span><span>129</span>
** <span> II. The Practice of Compassion </span><span>129</span>
*** <span> A. Classification</span><span>130</span>
*** <span> B. Object</span><span>130</span>
*** <span> C. Identifying Characteristic</span><span>130</span>
*** <span> D. Method of Practice</span><span>130</span>
*** <span> E. Measure of the Practice</span><span>131</span>
*** <span> F. Qualities of the Practice</span><span>131</span>
* <span> '''''Antidote to Not Knowing the Method of Practice for Achieving Buddhahood''''' </span><span>133</span>
* <span> Introduction to the Antidote to Not Knowing the Method of Practice </span><span>135</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 8: Refuge and Precepts''' </span><span>137</span>
** <span> I. Foundation </span><span>137</span>
*** <span> A. Mahayana Family</span><span>138</span>
*** <span> B. Taking Refuge in the Three Jewels</span><span>138</span>
**** <span> 1. Classification</span><span>139</span>
**** <span> 2. Working Basis</span><span>139</span>
**** <span> 3. Objects</span><span>139</span>
**** <span> 4. Time</span><span>141</span>
**** <span> 5. Motivation</span><span>141</span>
**** <span> 6. Ceremony</span><span>141</span>
**** <span> 7. Activities</span><span>143</span>
**** <span> 8. Training</span><span>143</span>
**** <span> 9. Beneficial Effects</span><span>143</span>
*** <span> C. Pratimoksa Precepts</span><span> 144</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 9: Cultivation of Bodhicitta''' </span><span>147</span>
** <span> II. Essence </span><span>147</span>
** <span> III. Classification </span><span>147</span>
** <span> IV. Objectives </span><span>151</span>
** <span> V. Cause</span><span>151</span>
** <span> VI. From Whom You Receive It</span><span>152</span>
** <span> VII. Method (Ceremony)</span><span>153</span>
** <span> VIII. Beneficial Effects</span><span>168</span>
** <span> IX. Disadvantages of Losing It</span><span>171</span>
** <span> X. The Cause of Losing It</span><span>171</span>
** <span> XI. The Method of Repairing</span><span>172</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 10: Training in Aspiration Bodhicitta''' </span><span>173</span>
** <span> XII. Training</span><span>173</span>
*** <span> A. Training in Aspiration Bodhicitta</span><span>173</span>
**** <span> 1. Not Forsaking Sentient Beings from One's Heart</span><span>173</span>
**** <span> 2. Recollecting the Beneficial Effects of Bodhicitta</span><span>174</span>
**** <span> 3. Gathering the Two Accumulations</span><span>175</span>
**** <span> 4. Practicing the Enlightened Mind</span><span>175</span>
**** 5. Rejection of the Four Unwholesome
***** <span> Deeds and Acceptance of the Four Wholesome Deeds</span><span>176</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 11: Training in Action Bodhicitta''' </span><span>179</span>
*** <span> B. Training in Action Bodhicitta</span><span>179</span>
**** <span> 1. Definite Number</span><span>180</span>
**** <span> 2. Definite Order</span><span>180</span>
**** <span> 3. Characteristics</span><span>181</span>
**** <span> 4. Definition</span><span>181</span>
**** <span> 5. Division</span><span>181</span>
**** <span> 6. Grouping</span><span>182</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 12: The Perfection of Generosity''' </span><span>183</span>
** <span> I. Reflection on the Faults and Virtues</span><span>183</span>
** <span> II. Definition</span><span>185</span>
** <span> III. Classification</span><span>185</span>
** <span> IV. Characteristics of Each Classification</span><span>185</span>
** <span> V. Increase </span><span>191</span>
** <span> VI. Perfection</span><span>191</span>
** <span> VII. Result</span><span>192</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 13: The Perfection of Moral Ethics''' </span><span>195</span>
** <span> I. Reflection on the Faults and Virtues</span><span>195</span>
** <span> II. Definition</span><span>197</span>
** <span> III. Classification</span><span>197</span>
** <span> IV. Characteristics of Each Classification</span><span>197</span>
** <span> V. Increase</span><span>202</span>
** <span> VI. Perfection</span><span>202</span>
** <span> VII. Result</span><span>202</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 14: The Perfection of Patience''' </span><span>205</span>
** <span> I. Reflection on the Faults and Virtues</span><span>205</span>
** <span> II. Definition</span><span>207</span>
** <span> III. Classification</span><span>207</span>
** <span> IV. Characteristics of Each Classification</span><span>207</span>
** <span> V. Increase</span><span>211</span>
** <span> VI. Perfection</span><span>211</span>
** <span> VII. Result</span><span>211</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 15: The Perfection of Perseverance''' </span><span>213</span>
** <span> I. Reflection on the Faults and Virtues</span><span>213</span>
** <span> II. Definition</span><span>214</span>
** <span> III. Classification</span><span>216</span>
** <span> IV. Characteristics of Each Classification</span><span>216</span>
** <span> V. Increase</span><span>218</span>
** <span> VI. Perfection</span><span>218</span>
** <span> VII. Result</span><span>218</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 16: The Perfection of Meditative Concentration''' </span><span>219</span>
** <span> I. Reflection on the Faults and Virtues</span><span>219</span>
** <span> II. Definition</span><span>220</span>
** <span> III. Classification</span><span>229</span>
** <span> IV. Characteristics of Each Classification</span><span>229</span>
** <span> V. Increase</span><span>230</span>
** <span> VI. Perfection</span><span>230</span>
** <span> VII. Result</span><span>231</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 17: The Perfection of Wisdom Awareness''' </span><span>233</span>
** <span> I. Reflection on the Faults and Virtues</span><span>233</span>
** <span> II. Definition</span><span>235</span>
** <span> III. Classification</span><span>235</span>
** <span> IV. Characteristics of Each Classification</span><span>235</span>
** <span> V. What is to be Known</span><span>236</span>
** <span> VI. What is to be Practiced</span><span>247</span>
** <span> VII. Result</span><span>255</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 18: The Aspects of the Five Paths''' </span><span>257</span>
** <span> I. Path of Accumulation</span><span>257</span>
** <span> II. Path of Application</span><span>258</span>
** <span> III. Path of Insight</span><span>259</span>
** <span> IV. Path of Meditation</span><span>259</span>
** <span> V. Path of Perfection</span><span>260</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 19: The Ten Bodhisattva Bhumis''' </span><span>263</span>
** <span> I. Definition</span><span>264</span>
** <span> II. Significance of the Bhumis</span><span>264</span>
** <span> III. The Reason Their Classification Is Tenfold</span><span>264</span>
*** <span> A. First Bhumi</span><span>265</span>
*** <span> B. Second Bhumi</span><span>267</span>
*** <span> C. Third Bhumi</span><span>268</span>
*** <span> D. Fourth Bhumi</span><span>269</span>
*** <span> E. Fifth Bhumi</span><span>270</span>
*** <span> F. Sixth Bhumi</span><span>271</span>
*** <span> G. Seventh Bhumi</span><span>272</span>
*** <span> H. Eighth Bhumi</span><span>273</span>
*** <span> I. Ninth Bhumi</span><span>274</span>
*** <span> J. Tenth Bhumi</span><span>275</span>
*** <span> K. Buddhahood</span><span>277</span>
<br>
* <span> '''Part 5: The Result''' </span><span>279</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 20: Perfect Buddhahood''' </span><span>281</span>
** <span> I. Nature</span><span>281</span>
** <span> II. Significance of the Name</span><span>286</span>
** <span> III. Classification</span><span>287</span>
** <span> IV. Definition</span><span>287</span>
** <span> V. Reason There Are Definitely Three Kayas</span><span>288</span>
** <span> VI. Characteristics of the Three Kayas</span><span>288</span>
** <span> VII. Special Traits</span><span>292</span>
<br>
* <span> '''Part 6: The Activities''' </span><span> 295</span>
* <span> '''Chapter 21: Activities of the Buddha''' </span><span>297</span>
** <span> I. Activities of the Body</span><span>297</span>
** <span> II. Activities of Speech</span><span>298</span>
** <span> III. Activities of Mind</span><span>299</span>
<br>
* <span> '''Appendices''' </span><span> 303</span>
* <span> '''Appendix A: Dharma Lord Gampopa''' </span><span> 305</span>
** <span> Section 1: A Brief Account of Dharma Lord Gampopa's Life</span><span>305</span>
** <span> Section 2: Miraculous Manifestations</span><span>323</span>
** <span> Section 3: Gampopa's Method of Teaching</span><span>325</span>
* <span> '''Appendix B: Stories Referred to in the Text''' </span><span>333</span>
** <span> Sudhana</span><span>335</span>
** <span> Sadaprarudita</span><span>340</span>
** <span> King Anala</span><span>348</span>
** <span> Maudgalyayana</span><span>351</span>
** <span> Sangharakshita</span><span>357</span>
** <span> Nawa Chewari</span><span>362</span>
** <span> Old Born</span><span>366</span>
** <span> King Krika's Daughters</span><span>368</span>
** <span> Mahadatta</span><span>371</span>
** <span> King Bala Maitreya</span><span>379</span>
** <span> Angulimala</span><span>381</span>
** <span> Udayana</span><span>385</span>
** <span> Nanda</span><span>388</span>
** <span> Ajatashatru</span><span>393</span>
* <span> '''Appendix C: Outline of the Text''' </span><span>397</span>
* <span> '''Appendix D: A Brief Biography of the Translator''' </span><span>413</span>
* <span> Titles of Works Quoted </span><span>417</span>
* <span> Glossary</span><span>427</span>
* <span> Notes</span><span>437</span>
* <span> Bibliography</span><span>459</span>
* <span> Index</span><span>467</span>
*<span> Translator's Preface</span><span>1</span>
*<span> Chapter One: King Ravana's Request</span><span>21</span>
*<span> Chapter Two: Mahamati's Questions</span><span>43</span>
*<span> Chapter Three: More Questions</span><span>167</span>
*<span> Chapter Four: Final Questions</span><span>233</span>
*<span> Lankavatara Mantra</span><span>269</span>
*<span> Glossary</span><span>273</span>
*<span> Bibliography</span><span>301</span>
+
* <span> Foreword by Alex Wayman </span><span>v</span>
* <span> Preface </span><span>vii</span>
* Introduction xiii
* <span> Chapter One. Ravana, Lord of Lanka, Asks for Instruction </span><span>3</span>
* <span> Chapter Two. Collection of all the Dharmas </span><span>22</span>
** <span> I. Mahāmati Praises the Buddha with Verses </span><span>22</span>
** <span> II. Mahāmati's "One Hundred and Eight Questions" </span><span>23</span>
** <span> III. "The One Hundred and Eight Negations" </span><span>31</span>
** <span> IV. Concerning the Vijñānas </span><span>33</span>
** <span> V. Seven Kinds of Self-nature (svabhāva) </span><span>35</span>
** <span> VI. Seven Kinds of First Principle (paramārtha), and the Philosophers' Wrong Views regarding the Mind Rejected </span><span>35</span>
** <span> VII. Erroneous Views held by Some Brahmans and Śramanas Concerning Causation, Continuation, etc.; The Buddhist Views Concerning Such Subjects<br>as Alayavijñāna, Nirvana, Mind-only, etc.; Attainments of the Bodhisattva </span><span>36</span>
** <span> VIII. The Bodhisattva's Discipling himself in Self-realisation </span><span>39</span>
** <span> IX. The Evolution and Function of the Vijũānas; The Spiritual Discipline of the Bodhisattva; Verses on the Alaya-ocean and Vijũāna-waves </span><span>39</span>
** <span> X. The Bodhisattva is to Understand the Signification of Mind-only </span><span>44</span>
** <span> XI (a). The Three Aspects of Noble Wisdom (āryajñāna) </span><span>44</span>
** <span> XI (b). The Attainment of the Tathāgatakāya </span><span>45</span>
** <span> XII. Logic on the Hare's Horns </span><span>46</span>
** <span> XIII. Verses on the Alayavijñāna and Mind-only </span><span>49</span>
** <span> XIV. Purification of the Outflows, Instantaneous and Gradual </span><span>49</span>
** <span> XV. Nishyanda-Buddha, Dharmatā-Buddha, and Nirmāṇa-Buddha </span><span>51</span>
** <span> XVI. The Śrāvaka's Eealisation and Attachment to the Notion of Self-nature </span><span>52</span>
** <span> XVII. The Eternal-Unthinkable </span><span>53</span>
** <span> XVIII. Nirvana and Alayavijñāna </span><span>55</span>
** <span> XIX. All Things are Unborn </span><span>55</span>
** <span> XX. The Five Classes of Spiritual Insight </span><span>56</span>
** <span> XXI. Verses on the Triple Vehicle </span><span>58</span>
** <span> XXII. Two Classes of the Icchantika </span><span>58</span>
** <span> XXIII. The Three Forms of Svabhāva </span><span>59</span>
** <span> XXIV. The Twofold Egolessness (nairātmyadvaya-lakshaṇa) </span><span>60</span>
** <span> XXV. Assertion and Eefutation (samāropāpavāda) </span><span>62</span>
** <span> XXVI. The Bodhisattva Assumes Various Personalities </span><span>64</span>
** <span> XXVII. On Emptiness (śūnyatā), No-birth, and Non-duality </span><span>65</span>
** <span> XXVIII. The Tathāgata-Garbha and the Ego-soul </span><span>68</span>
** <span> XXIX. A Verse on the Philosophers' Discriminations </span><span>70</span>
** <span> XXX. The Four Things Needed for the Constitution of Bodhisattvahood </span><span>70</span>
** <span> XXXI. On Causation (Six Kinds), and the Rise of Existence </span><span>72</span>
** <span> XXXII. Four Forms of Word-discrimination </span><span>75</span>
** <span> XXXIII. On Word and Discrimination and the Highest Reality </span><span>76</span>
** <span> XXXIV. Verses on Reality and its Representations </span><span>77</span>
** <span> XXXV. Mind-only, Multitudinousness, and Analogies, with an Interpolation<br>on the Dualistic Notion of Existence </span><span>78</span>
** <span> XXXVI. The Teaching (dharmadeśanā) of the Tathagatas </span><span>84</span>
** <span> XXXVII. Four Kinds of Dhyāna </span><span>85</span>
** <span> XXXVIII. On Nirvana </span><span>86</span>
** <span> XXXIX. Two Characteristics of Self-nature </span><span>87</span>
** <span> XL. Two Kinds of the Buddha's Sustaining Power (adhishṭhāna) </span><span>87</span>
** <span> XLI. On the Chain of Causation (pratityasamutpāda) </span><span>90</span>
** <span> XLII. Words (abhilāpa) and Realities (bhāva) </span><span>91</span>
** <span> XLIII. On Eternality of Sound (nityaśabda), the Nature of Error (bhrānta),<br>and Perversion (viparyāsa) </span><span>92</span>
** <span> XLIV. On the Nature of Māyā </span><span>95</span>
** <span> XLV. That All Things are Unborn </span><span>96</span>
** <span> XLVI. On Name, Sentence, Syllable, and Their Meaning </span><span>97</span>
** <span> XLVII. On Inexplicable Statements (vyākṛitāni) </span><span>98</span>
** <span> XLVIII. All Things are and are not (Verses on Four Forms of Explanation) </span><span>99</span>
** <span> XLIX. On the Śrāvakas, Srotaāpanna, Sakṛidāgāmin, Anāgāmin, and Arhat;<br>on the Three Knots (saṁyojāni) </span><span>100</span>
** <span> L. The Intellect (buddhi), Examining and Discrimnating </span><span>105</span>
** <span> LI. The Elements, Primary and Secondary </span><span>106</span>
** <span> LII. The Five Skandhas </span><span>107</span>
** <span> LIII. Four Kinds of Nirvana and the Eight Vijñānas </span><span>108</span>
** <span> LIV. The False Imagination Regarding Twelve Subjects </span><span>110</span>
** <span> LV. Verses on the Citta, Parikalpita, Paratantra, and Parinishpanna </span><span>112</span>
** <span> LVI. The One Vehicle and the Triple Vehicle </span><span>114</span>
* <span> Chapter Three. On Impermanency </span><span>118</span>
** <span> LVII. Three Forms of the Will-body (manomayakāya) </span><span>118</span>
** <span> LVIII. The Five Immediacies (pañcānantaryāṇi) ; Desire as Mother and<br>Ignorance as Father </span><span>120</span>
** <span> LIX. The Buddha-nature (buddhatā) </span><span>122</span>
** <span> LX. The Identity (samatā) of Buddhahood and its Four Aspects </span><span>122</span>
** <span> LXI. Not a Word Uttered by the Buddha; Self-realisation and an Eternally-<br>abiding Reality </span><span>123</span>
** <span> LXII. On Being and Non-Being; Realism and Nihilism </span><span>125</span>
** <span> LXIII. Realisation and Word-teaching </span><span>127</span>
** <span> LXIV. Discrimination, an External World, Dualism, and Attachment </span><span>129</span>
** <span> LXV. The Relation between Words (ruta) and Meaning (artha) </span><span>133</span>
** <span> LXVI. On Knowledge, Absolute (jñāna) and Relative (vijñāna) </span><span>135</span>
** <span> LXVII. Nine Transformations (pariṇāma) </span><span>137</span>
** <span> LXVIII. The Deep-seated Attachment to Existence </span><span>138</span>
** <span> LXIX. Self-nature, Reality, Imagination, Truth of Solitude, etc. </span><span>141</span>
** <span> LXX. The Thesis of No-birth </span><span>144</span>
** <span> LXXI. True Knowledge and Ignorance </span><span>146</span>
** <span> LXXII. Self-realisation and the Discoursing on it </span><span>148</span>
** <span> LXXIII. On the Lokāyatika </span><span>149</span>
** <span> LXXIV. Various Views of Nirvana </span><span>157</span>
** <span> LXXV. Is Tathagatahood Something Made? Its Relation to the Skandhas, to Emancipation, to Knowledge </span><span>161</span>
** <span> LXXVI. The Tathagata Variously Designated; Relation Between Words and Meaning; Not a Word Uttered by the Buddha </span><span>164</span>
** <span> LXXVII. Causation, No-birth, Self-mind, Nirvana </span><span>170</span>
** <span> LXXVIII. Verses on No-birth and Causation </span><span>172</span>
** <span> LXXIX. Various Views of Impermanency </span><span>176</span>
* <span> Chapter Four. On intuitive Understanding </span><span>182</span>
** <span> LXXX. Perfect Tranquillisation Attained by Śrāvakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas; Stages of Bodhisattvahood </span><span>182</span>
* <span> Chapter Five. On the Deduction of the Permanency of Tathagatahood </span><span>187</span>
** <span> LXXXI. Permanency of Tathagatahood </span><span>187</span>
* <span> Chapter Six. On Momentariness </span><span>190</span>
** <span> LXXXII. The Tathāgata-garbha and the Alayavijñāna </span><span>190</span>
** <span> LXXXIII. The Five Dharmas, and Their Relation to the Three Svabhāvas </span><span>193</span>
** <span> LXXXIV. The Five Dharmas </span><span>197</span>
** <span> LXXXV. Tathagata and Sands of the Gangā </span><span>198</span>
** <span> LXXXVI. Momentariness; the Eight Vijñānas </span><span>202</span>
** <span> LXXXVII. Three Kinds of the Pāramitās </span><span>204</span>
** <span> LXXXVIII. Views on Momentariness; Discrimination </span><span>206</span>
* <span> Chapter Seven. On Transformation </span><span>207</span>
** <span> LXXXIX. On Transformation </span><span>207</span>
* <span> Chapter Eight. On Meat-Eating </span><span>211</span>
* <span> Chapter Nine. The Dhāranīs </span><span>223</span>
* <span> Sagāthakam </span><span>226</span>
* <span> Appendix </span><span>297</span>