Tsung-mi and the Sinification of Buddhism

Tsung-mi and the Sinification of Buddhism

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This study of Tsung-mi is part of the Studies in East Asian Buddhism series. Author Peter Gregory makes extensive use of Japanese secondary sources, which complements his work on the complex Chinese materials that form the basis of the study. (Source: University of Hawai'i Press)

Citation	Gregory, Peter N. Tsung-mi and the Sinification of Buddhism. Kuroda Studies in East Asian Buddhism 16. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2002. First Published 1991 by Princeton University Press.

Contents

• Acknowledgmentsxi
• Abbreviationsxiii
  
  

• CHAPTER ONE
• Introduction3
  
  

PART ONE: Tsung-mi's Life

• CHAPTER TWO
• A Biography of Tsung-mi27
  • Classical Background (780–804)28
  • Ch'an Training and the Scripture of Perfect Enlightenment (804–810)33
  • Ch'eng-kuan and Hua-yen (810–816)58
  • Early Scholarship (816–828)68
  • Literati Connections (828–835)73
  • The Sweet Dew Incident (835)85
  • Later Years and Death (835–841)88
    
    

PART TWO: Doctrinal Classification

• CHAPTER THREE
• Doctrinal Classification93
  • The Hermeneutical Problem in Buddhism93
  • The Chinese Context104

• CHAPTER FOUR
• Doctrinal Classification in the Hua-yen Tradition115
  • Chih-yen's Classification Schemes117
  • Fa-tsang's Classification Scheme127
  • Tsung-mi's Classification Scheme134

• CHAPTER FIVE
• The Sudden Teaching136
  • The Sudden Teaching According to Fa-tsang137
  • The Problematical Nature of the Sudden Teaching142
  • The Sudden Teaching and Ch'an144
  • The Sudden Teaching in Tsung-mi's Thought146

• CHAPTER SIX
• The Perfect Teaching154
  • The Samādhi of Oceanic Reflection154
  • Two Paradigms157
  • The Shift from Shih-shih wu-ai to Li-shih wu-ai162
  • The Teaching that Reveals the Nature165
  • The Scripture of Perfect Enlightenment167
    
    

PART THREE: The Ground of Practice

• CHAPTER SEVEN
• A Cosmogonic Map for Buddhist Practice173
  • The Five Stages of Phenomenal Evolution173
  • Nature Origination and Conditioned Origination187
  • Sudden Enlightenment Followed by Gradual Cultivation192
  • Tsung-mi's Ten-Stage Model196

• CHAPTER EIGHT
• The Role of Emptiness206
  • A Cosmogony-Derived P'an-chiao206
  • Tsung-mi's Theory of Religious Language209
  • The Meaning of Awareness216
  • The Tathāgatagarbha Critique of Emptiness218

• CHAPTER NINE
• Tsung-mi's Critique of Ch'an224
  • Ch'an and the Teachings224
  • Critique of the Different Types of Ch'an230
  • Historical Context244
    
    

PART FOUR: The Broader Intellectual Tradition

• CHAPTER TEN
• Confucianism and Taoism in Tsung-mi's Thought255
  • Tsung-mi's Extension of P'an-chiao to the Two Teachings256
  • Tsung-mi's Critique of Confucianism and Taoism261
  • The Teaching of Men and Gods279
  • Tsung-mi's Synthesis of Confucianism and Taoism285
  • Tsung-mi's Intellectual Personality293

• CHAPTER ELEVEN
• Tsung-mi and Neo-Confucianism295
  • Chu Hsi's Critique of the Buddhist Understanding of Nature297
  • A Common Problematic304
  • The Problem of Predication306
  • The Structural Parallels309

• APPENDIX I
• A Note on Biographical Sources313
• APPENDIX II
• A Note on Tsung-mi 's Writings315
  
  
• Glossary327
• Bibliography335
• Index355