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As my contribution to the panel, I will foAs my contribution to the panel, I will focus on the ''tathāgatagarbha'' interpretation by Shakya Chokden (1428-1507) developed in his tantric writings, in particular ''Dpal dang po’i sangs rgyas rab tu grub pas bka’ ’khor lo gsum pa’i mdo dang rgyud sde kun gyi snying po bsdus pa''. As an advocate of both the self- and other-emptiness systems, Shakya Chokden presents them as effective means of achieving buddhahood. That said, he argues that they do not provide equally effective presentations of such important elements of Mahāyāna teachings as ''tathāgatagarbha''. The mainstream self-emptiness systems based on the second ''dharmacakra'' present ''tathāgatagarbha'' only as the mere natural purity, which is not the actual ''tathāgatagarbha''. It is only the tantric and non-tantric teachings affiliated with the third ''dharmacakra'' that teach the actual ''tathāgatagarbha''—the naturally luminous ''jñāna'' free from obscurations and imbued with positive buddha qualities, whether partial or complete. </br></br>This approach suggests that the category of ''tathāgatagarbha'' does not play an indispensable role in contemplative practice: at least on its initial stages, one can progress on the Mahāyāna path without accepting or putting into practice the actual ''tathāgatagarbha''. Yet, this is true only as long one deals with non-tantric systems; in the tantric context, Shakya Chokden argues for the absolute indispensability of correctly identifying ''tathāgatagarbha'' and putting it into practice from the very beginning of the path. Not only that—the Highest Yoga Tantra practice can be adequately understood and described only if one plugs in the concept of ''tathāgatagarbha'' as it is taught in its texts with their commentaries. In other words, the correct understanding of ''tathāgatagarbha'' is indispensable both as a part of tantric practice and as a means of adequately articulating that practice. </br></br>In the Highest Yoga Tantra context, Shakya Chokden argues that ''tathāgatagarbha'' is possessed not only by Mahāyāna ''āryas'' (as it is according to the non-tantric teachings as he understands them); it pervades all living beings and the inanimate universe as well. Furthermore, not only does it have all buddha qualities complete and is naturally free from all obscurations; it also has a "visual" dimension: all tantric deities and ''maṇḍalas'' arise from and are primordially contained within it. It is this state that one has to be initially introduced to and recognize at the beginning of tantric practice, cultivate and familiarize with during its generation and perfection stages, and finally fully manifest on the level of buddhahood. </br></br>My paper will focus on the relationship of this particular model of ''tathāgatagarbha'' with its practical application in the tantric practice of Hevajra, Cakrasaṃvara, and Guhyasamāja. It will also address such issues as the relationship between conceptual minds used in tantric practice and the primordially existent state of buddhahood; the issue of multitudes of divine forms arising from and appearing to the nonconceptual ''jñāna''; the reduction of all elements of tantric practice— including body ''maṇḍalas''—to exclusively mental states; and the need to engage in practices dealing with conventional reality while accepting that ''tathāgatagarbha'' is the only reality that exists.agarbha'' is the only reality that exists.  
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Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages  +
Komarovski, Yaroslav. "Shakya Chokden on 'Komarovski, Yaroslav. "Shakya Chokden on ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages." Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice. The 16th IATS Conference, Prague, July 3–9, 2022. Produced by the Tsadra Foundation Research Department. Video, 20:42. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_gwSb3n8nk.tps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_gwSb3n8nk.  +
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Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice  +
Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages  +
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Komarovski, Yaroslav. "Shakya Chokden on 'Komarovski, Yaroslav. "Shakya Chokden on ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages." Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice. The 16th IATS Conference, Prague, July 3–9, 2022. Produced by the Tsadra Foundation Research Department. Video, 20:42. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_gwSb3n8nk.;Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages;ShAkya mchog ldan;tathāgatagarbha;Yaroslav Komarovski;Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages  +
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''Komarovski, Yaroslav. "Shakya Chokden on''Komarovski, Yaroslav. "Shakya Chokden on ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages." Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice. The 16th IATS Conference, Prague, July 3–9, 2022. Produced by the Tsadra Foundation Research Department. Video, 20:42. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_gwSb3n8nk.''s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_gwSb3n8nk.''  +
File:Yaroslav Komarovski at IATS 2022.jpg  +
Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on TatYaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages; Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages; ; false; Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages  +
Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on TatYaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages;Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages;Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages;in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages;  +
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