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#Buddha-Nature Discussion at AAR, Denver #University of Vienna Symposium Buddha-Nature Discussion at AAR, Denver Dimensions of Buddha-Nature: Considering the State of the Field A small gathering after the American Academy of Religion Conference this year discusses issues and ideas related to buddha-nature teachings and tathāgatagarbha theory in anticipation of a formal symposium at the University of Vienna directly after IATS (International Association of Tibetan Studies) in 2019. The goal of the meeting is to incite and record interesting conversations and brainstorm areas to explore for further research. 3:00 p.m., Tuesday, November 20, 2018 Padmasambhava Meditation Center, 1900 S Cook St, Denver, CO 80210 Meeting Description Scholars have studied buddha-nature and the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra) since the early days of Buddhist Studies in the West. The first translation in English was by Obermiller (1931), from the Sanskrit and Tibetan, and a second by Takasaki (1958), who worked from the Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese. Ruegg published numerous studies of tathāgathagarbha-theory in India and Tibet beginning with La Théorie du Tathāgatagarbha et du Gotra (1969) up to his Gifford Lectures, Buddha-Nature, Mind and the Problem of Gradualism (1989). Ruegg's work was entirely within the "analytic" tradition of Uttaratantra exegesis. The "meditative" tradition, which is aligned with the Mahāmudrā teachings of the Kagyu and Jonang in Central Asia (and Tendai and Ch'an/Zen in East Asia), has been the focus of most major scholarship since. This includes Klaus-Dieter Mathes' extensive study of Gö Lotsāwa's commentary on the Uttaratantra (Wisdom, 2008) and Karl Brunnhölzl’s translations in When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Important contributions were also made by Kano, Duckworth, Hookham, Stearns, Zimmerman and others. Most recently we have seen the publication of The Sublime Continuum Supercommentary by Gyaltsap Darma Rinchen (Bo Jiang, AIBS, 2017); the important work of Tsering Wangchuk, The Uttaratantra in the Land of Snows (SUNY, 2017); Higgins and Draszczyk’s Mahāmudrā and the Middle Way: Post-Classical Kagyu Discourses on Mind, Emptiness and Buddha-Nature (WSTB, 2016). The Padmakara Translation Group will soon publish a new translation of the Uttaratantra with commentary in English, while Tsadra Foundation will publish a different commentary in French (Charrier trans. 2018). Mathes and Sheehy will soon come out with The Other Emptiness: Rethinking the Zhentong Buddhist Discourse in India and Tibet (SUNY, 2018). And of course there is important scholarly work about buddha-nature in East Asian Buddhism. Sallie King's early work, Buddha Nature (SUNY, 1991), continues to be an important source for the study of Buddha-nature thought in China. In Japanese Buddhism, tathāgatagarbha has been at the core of debates about "original enlightenment," well documented in Jacqueline Stone's book by the same name (Hawai'i, 2003). Buddha-nature continues to be at the center of contemporary debates—e.g., in regard to "Critical Buddhism," amply documented in Jamie Hubbard and Paul Swanson's Pruning the Bodhi Tree (Hawai'i, 1997). Participants Karl Brunnhölzl Nitartha Institute José I. Cabezón UC, Santa Barbara Douglas Duckworth Temple University Alexander Gardner Treasury of Lives Shenpen Hookham Awakened Heart Sangha Jamie Hubbard Smith College Roger Jackson Carleton College, Emeritus Connie Kassor Lawrence University Sallie B. King James Madison University John Makransky Boston College Kurtis Schaeffer University of Virginia Jacqueline Stone Princeton University Paul Swanson Nanzan University Tsering Wangchuk University of San Francisco University of Vienna Symposium Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia: The Reception of an Influential Mahāyāna Doctrine in Central and East Asia We invite you to join with other scholars to discuss buddha-nature thought and Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia at a symposium, co-hosted by the University of Vienna and Tsadra Foundation, taking place at the University of Vienna, shortly after next year’s International Association of Tibetan Studies conference. Tathāgatagarbha doctrine continues to be of interest to academics and traditional scholars and practitioners of Buddhism around the world and a recent series of books, articles, and meetings have brought new energy and interesting information to light that requires continued discussion and analysis. July, 16-19, 2019 The University of Vienna, Austria Institut für Südasien-, Tibet- und Buddhismuskunde Meeting Description The tathāgatagarbha doctrine which proposes that all sentient beings are already a “buddha within” or at least have the potential to attain Buddhahood was first largely ignored in Indian scholastic Buddhism, but increasingly attracted the attention of Mahāyāna scholars and became an important, if sometimes controversial, current of Buddhist thought all over Central and East Asia. With the Mahāyāna goal of establishing all sentient beings in Buddhahood, the possibility of enlightenment became a Buddhist axiom of central importance. Either one has to explain the causal process of its production, or accept its primordial existence, for example in terms of a buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). The latter also applies, of course, when buddhahood is not taken to be produced from scratch. The way the process of becoming a Buddha is addressed is an ideal touchstone for systematically comparing the philosophical hermeneutical positions of various masters in Central and East Asia. The diversity of views on buddha-nature has its roots already in early Indian Buddhism. Depending on whether one follows the original intent of the Tathāgatagarbhasūtras, or the Yogācāra interpretation of the latter, buddha-nature can refer to either an already fully developed buddha, or the naturally present potential (prakṛtisthāgotra) or natural luminosity of mind, i.e., sentient beings’ ability to become buddhas. In Madhyamaka, buddha-nature was taken either as a teaching of provisional meaning (neyārtha) or simply a synonym of emptiness (i.e., a non-affirming negation). This symposium will look at the differing forms tathāgatagarbha doctrine assumed as its primary Indian scriptural sources were translated and transmitted throughout Central and East Asia and variously interpreted by religious schools in line with their key philosophical positions. Contributions will range from the historical-philological analysis of the primary sources to issues of reconstruction and comparison in the target languages and cultures with particular attention to the role the tathāgatagarbha doctrine played in the development of Buddhist philosophical and religious views both within India and beyond. Meeting Schedule These dates will allow for those attending the IATS meeting in Paris to have Bastille Day in Paris, and another day to travel to Vienna before the meeting starts. July 16th, 2019 ~ Arrival Day 5:30 pm ~ Evening Welcome Event Keynote Speech with Official Welcome from Klaus-Dieter Mathes July 17th, 2019 ~ Presentations 9:00 am ~ Session 1 10:30 am ~ Tea Break 11:00 am ~ Session 2 12:30 pm ~ Lunch 2:30 pm ~ Session 3 4:00 pm ~ Tea Break 4:30 pm ~ Session 4 6:00 pm ~ End of Day July 18th, 2019 ~ Presentations 9:00 am ~ Session 5 10:30 am ~ Tea Break 11:00 am ~ Session 6 12:30 pm ~ Lunch 2:30 pm ~ Session 7 4:00 pm ~ Tea Break 4:30 pm ~ Session 8 6:00 pm ~ End of Day July 19th, 2019 ~ Presentations 9:00 am ~ Session 9 10:30 am ~ Tea Break 11:00 am ~ Session 10 12:30 pm ~ Lunch 2:30 pm ~ Session 11 4:00 pm ~ Tea Break 4:30 pm ~ Session 12: Closing Discussion: Reflection on State of the Field 6:00 pm ~ End of Day July 20th, 2019 ~ Departure Day Travel Participants Filippo Brambilla University of Vienna Martina Draszczyk University of Vienna Douglas Duckworth Temple University David Higgins University of Vienna Shenpen Hookham Awakened Heart Sangha) Bo Jiang Columbia University Christopher V. Jones Oxford Kazuo Kano Koyasan University, Japan Constance Kassor Lawrence University Klaus-Dieter Mathes University of Vienna Giacomella Orofino University of Naples Kurtis Schaeffer University of Virginia Michael Sheehy University of Virginia Khenpo Tamphel University of Vienna Dorji Wangchuk Hamburg Tsering Wangchuk University of San Francisco Michael Zimmerman Hamburg Representatives from several Buddhist schools will also be presenting.

tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

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tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

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IATS - International Association for Tibetan Studies

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These are the root verses of the Uttaratantra attributed to Maitreya by the Tibetan tradition.

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These are the root verses of the Uttaratantra attributed to Maitreya by the Tibetan tradition.

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Uttaratantra - The Ultimate Continuum, or Gyü Lama, is often used as a short title in the Tibetan tradition for the key source text of buddha-nature teachings called the Ratnagotravibhāga of Maitreya/Asaṅga, also known as the Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra. Skt. उत्तरतन्त्र Tib. རྒྱུད་བླ་མ་ Ch. 寶性論

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tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

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tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

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gotra - Disposition, lineage, or class; an individual's gotra determines the type of enlightenment one is destined to attain. Skt. गोत्र Tib. རིགས་ Ch. 鍾姓,種性

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Mahāmudrā - Mahāmudrā refers to an advanced meditation tradition in Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna forms of Into-Tibetan Buddhism that is focused on the realization of the empty and luminous nature of the mind. It also refers to the resultant state of buddhahood attained through such meditation practice. In Tibet, this tradition is particularly associated with the Kagyu school, although all other schools also profess this tradition. The term also appears as part of the four seals, alongside dharmamūdra, samayamudrā, and karmamudrā. Skt. महामुद्रा Tib. ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ།

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Kagyu - The Kagyu school traces its origin to the eleventh-century translator Marpa, who studied in India with Nāropa. Marpa's student Milarepa trained Gampopa, who founded the first monastery of the Kagyu order. As many as twelve subtraditions grew out from there, the best known being the Karma Kagyu, the Drikung, and the Drukpa. Tib. བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་

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Jonang - The Jonang tradition was established by Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, a thirteenth-century Sakya monk famous for his Zhentong teachings. The Jonang teachings and monasteries were suppressed in Tibet in the seventeenth century but survived in Amdo. Tib. ཇོ་ནང་

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sūtra - Sūtras mainly refer to the discourses delivered by the Buddha and his disciples, and the Sūtra corpus is one of the three main sets of teachings which form the Buddhist canon. Skt. सूत्र Tib. མདོ། Ch. 佛经

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tantra - Tantra, when juxtaposed with Sūtra, generally refers to the scriptures and texts which discuss esoteric topics. While the term is used to refer to texts on other topics, it is mostly used to refer to the genre of scriptures and texts on themes and topics associated with Vajrayāna Buddhism. Skt. तन्त्र Tib. རྒྱུད། Ch. 密宗

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SUNY - State University of New York

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Madhyamaka - Along with Yogācāra, it is one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Nāgārjuna around the second century CE, it is rooted in the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, though its initial exposition was presented in Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Skt. मध्यमक Tib. དབུ་མ་ Ch. 中觀見

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WSTB - Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde - Vienna: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien.

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gzhan stong - The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature. Tib. གཞན་སྟོང་

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bodhi - Enlightenment or awakening. In Tibetan it is translated as "purified" (byang) and "perfected" (chub), which corresponds to Siddhartha Gautama's achievement of purifying all obscurations and perfecting or attaining all qualities associated with a buddha. Skt. बोधि Tib. བྱང་ཆུབ་ Ch. 菩提,悟,覺

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Mahāyāna - Mahāyāna, or the Great Vehicle, refers to the system of Buddhist thought and practice which developed around the beginning of Common Era, focusing on the pursuit of the state of full enlightenment of the Buddha through the realization of the wisdom of emptiness and the cultivation of compassion. Skt. महायान Tib. ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ། Ch. 大乘

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Yogācāra - Along with Madhyamaka, it was one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Asaṅga and Vasubandhu around the fourth century CE, many of its central tenets have roots in the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra and the so-called third turning of the dharma wheel (see tridharmacakrapravartana). Skt. योगाचार Tib. རྣལ་འབྱོར་སྤྱོད་པ་ Ch. 瑜伽行派

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prabhāsvaratā - In a general sense, that which clears away darkness, though it often appears in Buddhist literature in reference to the mind or its nature. It is a particularly salient feature of Tantric literature, especially in regard to the advanced meditation techniques of the completion-stage yogas. Skt. प्रभास्वर Tib. འོད་གསལ་ Ch. 光明

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Madhyamaka - Along with Yogācāra, it is one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Nāgārjuna around the second century CE, it is rooted in the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, though its initial exposition was presented in Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Skt. मध्यमक Tib. དབུ་མ་ Ch. 中觀見

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neyārtha - Refers to something that is taught for a specific reason, rather than because it is entirely true. Skt. नेयार्थ Tib. དྲང་དོན་

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neyārtha - Refers to something that is taught for a specific reason, rather than because it is entirely true. Skt. नेयार्थ Tib. དྲང་དོན་

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neyārtha - Refers to something that is taught for a specific reason, rather than because it is entirely true. Skt. नेयार्थ Tib. དྲང་དོན་

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neyārtha - Refers to something that is taught for a specific reason, rather than because it is entirely true. Skt. नेयार्थ Tib. དྲང་དོན་

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śūnyatā - The state of being empty of an innate nature due to a lack of independently existing characteristics. Skt. शून्यता Tib. སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ Ch. 空,空門

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