Verse I.12
From Buddha-Nature
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Thus, the presentation of the reality of the cessation of suffering in its entire detail should be understood according to the sūtras. | Thus, the presentation of the reality of the cessation of suffering in its entire detail should be understood according to the sūtras. | ||
| − | The paths of seeing and familiarization that [consist of] nonconceptual wisdom are the causes for attaining this dharmakāya of the Tathāgata, which bears the name "cessation of suffering." [This wisdom] is to be understood as resembling the sun by way of being similar to it in three ways for the following reasons. By virtue of being similar to the orb [of the sun’s] being completely pure, it is free from all stains of the proximate afflictions.<ref>Throughout, both the ''Uttaratantra'' and RGVV use the terms "afflictions" and "proximate afflictions" (''upakleśa'') as synonyms. This differs from the standard abhidharma use of these terms as specifically referring to the six primary afflictions versus the twenty secondary afflictions. Here, however, the use of ''upakleśa'' (lit. "close afflictions") might indicate the close association of the obscuring cocoon of the afflictions with the tathāgata heart. CMW (481–82) remarks that in the specific context of the changelessness of the tathāgata heart during the phases of sentient beings and bodhisattvas, RGVV on I.51 speaks of both afflictions and proximate afflictions. According to CMW, "afflictions"in this context refers to the dense afflictions of sentient beings while "proximate afflictions"indicates the subtle afflictions of the latent tendencies of ignorance in bodhisattvas.</ref> By virtue of being similar to [the sun’s] being what makes forms manifest, it shines its light on all aspects of knowable objects. By virtue of being similar to [the sun’s] being the remedy for ''darkness'', it serves as the remedy for all aspects of what obstructs seeing reality. J13} | + | The paths of seeing and familiarization that [consist of] nonconceptual wisdom are the causes for attaining this dharmakāya of the Tathāgata, which bears the name "cessation of suffering." [This wisdom] is to be understood as resembling the sun by way of being similar to it in three ways for the following reasons. By virtue of being similar to the orb [of the sun’s] being completely pure, it is free from all stains of the proximate afflictions.<ref>Throughout, both the ''Uttaratantra'' and RGVV use the terms "afflictions" and "proximate afflictions" (''upakleśa'') as synonyms. This differs from the standard abhidharma use of these terms as specifically referring to the six primary afflictions versus the twenty secondary afflictions. Here, however, the use of ''upakleśa'' (lit. "close afflictions") might indicate the close association of the obscuring cocoon of the afflictions with the tathāgata heart. CMW (481–82) remarks that in the specific context of the changelessness of the tathāgata heart during the phases of sentient beings and bodhisattvas, RGVV on I.51 speaks of both afflictions and proximate afflictions. According to CMW, "afflictions"in this context refers to the dense afflictions of sentient beings while "proximate afflictions"indicates the subtle afflictions of the latent tendencies of ignorance in bodhisattvas.</ref> By virtue of being similar to [the sun’s] being what makes forms manifest, it shines its light on all aspects of knowable objects. By virtue of being similar to [the sun’s] being the remedy for ''darkness'', it serves as the remedy for all aspects of what obstructs seeing reality. {J13} |
As for "what obstructs," due to the rising of their latencies, '''passion''', hatred, and bewilderment, which are preceded by mentally engaging in focal objects that have the characteristic of being unreal entities, arise. For naive beings, it is by virtue of these latencies that unreal entities that lack the nature of those [entities that they seem to appear as], through the arising of passion, serve as the causes for [appearing] as something that looks pleasant; through the arising of hatred, as something that looks antagonistic; or, through the arising of bewilderment, as something that looks obscure. In those who take such causes of passion, hatred, and bewilderment, which do not accord with reality, as their focal objects, improper mental engagement {P82b} completely occupies the mind. In those whose minds are occupied with improper mental engagement, any affliction among passion, hatred, and bewilderment manifests. Due to this, they commit actions with body, speech, and mind that arise from passion and {D81b} also commit such actions that arise from hatred and from bewilderment. In turn, from these actions, there will be the succession of rebirths. | As for "what obstructs," due to the rising of their latencies, '''passion''', hatred, and bewilderment, which are preceded by mentally engaging in focal objects that have the characteristic of being unreal entities, arise. For naive beings, it is by virtue of these latencies that unreal entities that lack the nature of those [entities that they seem to appear as], through the arising of passion, serve as the causes for [appearing] as something that looks pleasant; through the arising of hatred, as something that looks antagonistic; or, through the arising of bewilderment, as something that looks obscure. In those who take such causes of passion, hatred, and bewilderment, which do not accord with reality, as their focal objects, improper mental engagement {P82b} completely occupies the mind. In those whose minds are occupied with improper mental engagement, any affliction among passion, hatred, and bewilderment manifests. Due to this, they commit actions with body, speech, and mind that arise from passion and {D81b} also commit such actions that arise from hatred and from bewilderment. In turn, from these actions, there will be the succession of rebirths. | ||
Revision as of 12:36, 26 September 2019
Ratnagotravibhāga Root Verse I.12
Verse I.12 Variations
अतर्क्यत्वादलाप्यत्वादार्यज्ञानादचिन्यता
शिवत्वादद्वयाकल्पौ शुद्ध्यादि त्रयनर्कवत्
शिवत्वादद्वयाकल्पौ शुद्ध्यादि त्रयनर्कवत्
atarkyatvādalāpyatvādāryajñānādacinyatā
śivatvādadvayākalpau śuddhyādi trayanarkavat
śivatvādadvayākalpau śuddhyādi trayanarkavat
E. H. Johnston as input by the University of the West.[1]
།བརྟག་མིན་ཕྱིར་དང་བརྗོད་མིན་ཕྱིར།
།འཕགས་པས་མཁྱེན་ཕྱིར་བསམ་མེད་ཉིད།
།ཞི་ཉིད་གཉིས་མེད་རྟོག་མེད་དེ།
།དག་སོགས་གསུམ་ནི་ཉི་བཞིན་ནོ།
།འཕགས་པས་མཁྱེན་ཕྱིར་བསམ་མེད་ཉིད།
།ཞི་ཉིད་གཉིས་མེད་རྟོག་མེད་དེ།
།དག་སོགས་གསུམ་ནི་ཉི་བཞིན་ནོ།
Because of being inscrutable, because of being inexpressible,
And because of being the wisdom of the noble ones, it is inconceivable.
Because of being peaceful, it is free from the dual and without
And because of being the wisdom of the noble ones, it is inconceivable.
Because of being peaceful, it is free from the dual and without
conceptions.
[In its] three [qualities] such as being pure, it is like the sun.
- Non analysable, inexprimable,
- Connu des [seuls] êtres sublimes, il est inconcevable.
- Paix, il est libre des deux [voiles] et de la pensée ;
- Sa pureté et ses deux autres qualités l’assimilent au soleil.
Charrier, Christian and Patrick Carré. Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule. Plazac: Éditions Padmakara, 2019.
RGVV Commentary on Verse I.12
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Other English translations[edit]
Obermiller (1931) [12]
- It is unthinkable, since it cannot be analysed，
- Is unutterable and revealed (only) to the Saint,
- It is quiescent by being devoid of the two (causes of Phenomenal Existence);
- The other 3 attributes, purity and the rest
- (Suggest) a resemblance with the sun.
Takasaki (1966) [13]
- Because of its being beyond speculation and explanation,
- And because of its being the knowledge of Saints,
- Unthinkability [of the Doctrine should be known];
- Because of quiescence it is non-dual and non-discriminative,
- And three [qualities], purity etc., are akin to the sun.
Fuchs (2000) [14]
- Not being an object of conceptual investigation, being inexpressible,
- and [only] to be known by noble ones, the Dharma is inconceivable.
- Since it is peace, it is free from the two [veils] and free from thought.
- In its three [aspects of] purity and so on it is similar to the sun.
Textual sources[edit]
Commentaries on this verse[edit]
Academic notes[edit]
- Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Unicode Input
- Brunnhölzl, Karl. When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sūtra and Tantra. Boston: Snow Lion Publications, an imprint of Shambhala Publications, 2014.
- DP ’gog pa.
- Taishō 668, 467b.
- YDC (295) explains that improper mental engagement, in its coarse form, refers to wrong notions, such as clinging to what is impermanent as being permanent. In its subtle form, it consists of all conceptions of dualistic appearances. This improper mental engagement dwells within the luminous nature of the mind, the dharmadhātu, just like clouds in the sky (see Uttaratantra I.52–63).
- In the Yogācāra system, the typical triad of "mind (citta/sems)," "mentation (manas/ yid)," and "consciousness (vijñāna/rnam shes)"refers to the ālaya-consciousness, the afflicted mind, and the remaining six consciousnesses.
- D100, fol. 297a.7–297b.2.
- D45.48 (dkon brtsegs, vol. cha), fol. 272a.2–5. I follow Schmithausen’s emendation of °garbhaḥ sūcyate to °garbhaḥ ity ucyate.
- Throughout, both the Uttaratantra and RGVV use the terms "afflictions" and "proximate afflictions" (upakleśa) as synonyms. This differs from the standard abhidharma use of these terms as specifically referring to the six primary afflictions versus the twenty secondary afflictions. Here, however, the use of upakleśa (lit. "close afflictions") might indicate the close association of the obscuring cocoon of the afflictions with the tathāgata heart. CMW (481–82) remarks that in the specific context of the changelessness of the tathāgata heart during the phases of sentient beings and bodhisattvas, RGVV on I.51 speaks of both afflictions and proximate afflictions. According to CMW, "afflictions"in this context refers to the dense afflictions of sentient beings while "proximate afflictions"indicates the subtle afflictions of the latent tendencies of ignorance in bodhisattvas.
- Among the twelve links of dependent origination, the afflictiveness of afflictions corresponds to ignorance, craving, and grasping, the afflictiveness of karma to formations and becoming, and the afflictiveness of birth to the remaining seven links. Mipham Rinpoche’s commentary on the Madhyāntavibhāga (’Ju mi pham rgya mtsho 1984e, 769.5–770.2) explains that the afflictiveness of afflictions consists of (a) the causes of wrong views, (b) the causes of the three poisons (passion, aggression, and ignorance), and (c) the striving for rebirth. The remedies for (a)–(c) are the realizations of the three doors to liberation—emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness, respectively. The afflictiveness of karma consists of the formation of virtuous and nonvirtuous actions. Its remedy is the realization of the door to liberation that is nonformation. The afflictiveness of birth consists of (a) being born in a new existence, (b) the minds and mental factors that occur in each moment after having born in that existence up through dying, and (c) the continuum of rebirth (the state of dying, the state of birth, and the intermediate state). The remedies for (a)–(c) are the realizations of the lack of birth, the lack of occurrence, and the lack of nature, respectively.
- I follow MB prajñāyate against J pravartate.
- Obermiller, E. "The Sublime Science of the Great Vehicle to Salvation Being a Manual of Buddhist Monism." Acta Orientalia IX (1931), pp. 81-306.
- Takasaki, Jikido. A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra): Being a Treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Serie Orientale Roma 33. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (ISMEO), 1966.
- Fuchs, Rosemarie, trans. Buddha Nature: The Mahayana Uttaratantra Shastra. Commentary by Jamgon Kongtrul and explanations by Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso. Ithaca, N. Y.: Snow Lion Publications, 2000.
