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'Gos Lo tsā ba gZhon nu dpal's Commentary on the Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā +

* Introductionix * Bibliographyxviii * ''Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos kyi 'grel bshad de kho nyid rab tu gsal ba'i me long''1 * ''De bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po'i le'u''2 * ''Byang chub kyi le'u''453 * ''Yon tan gyi le'u''508 * ''Phrin las kyi le'u''527 * ''Phan yon gyi le'u''559 +

A

A Buddha Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra +

* Preface7 * Acknowledgements8 * Technical Note: My Use of the Asterisk10 * I A Study and Annotated Translation of the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''11 ** A General Study and Text-historical Considerations12 *** 1 Textual History and Structure of the TGS16 **** 1.1 Different Recensions of the TGS16 **** 1.2 The Representatives of TGS224 **** 1.3 Similarities between the Chinese Translations27 **** 1.4 Structure, Contents and Textual History of the TGS27 **** 1.5 The Structure, Nature and Contents of the Nine Similes34 *** 2 The Meaning and Occurrences of the Term ''tathāgatagarbha''39 **** 2.1 The Term ''tathāgatagarbha''39 **** 2.2 The Textual Occurrences of the Terms ''tathāgatagarbha'' and ''garbha''46 *** 3 The Buddha-Nature Doctrine in the TGS50 **** 3.1 The Buddha-Nature50 **** 3.2 Becoming a Buddha62 **** 3.3 How to Become a Buddha65 *** 4 The TGS as a Part of lndian Buddhism: Its Sources, Motives and Reception67 **** 4.1 The Titles of the TGS68 **** 4.2 The Recorded Chinese Translations of the TGS69 **** 4.3 Possible Motives of the Authors of the TGS75 **** 4.4 The TGS in the History of lndian Buddhism77 **** 4.5 The TGS in the ''Ratnagotravibhāga(vyākhyā)'' and Other Indian Texts84 **** 4.6 The Twentieth-Century Reception of the TGS90 ** B An Annotated Translation of the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' into English 93 * II Critical and Diplomatic Editions of the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''163 ** C The Textual Materials164 *** 1 Information on the Tibetan Manuscripts and Xylographic Editions Utilized164 **** A The Tabo Manuscript Fragments164 **** B -The Berlin Manuscript Kanjur165 **** Bth - The Newark Manuscript Kanjur from Bathang166 **** Bu - The Citation in Bu ston Rin chen grub's ''De bzhin gshegs pa 'i snying po gsal zhing mdzes par byed pa 'i rgyan''167 **** D - The Derge Kanjur (Nyingma Edition)167 **** J - The 'Jang sa tham or Lithang Kanjur168 **** L-The Shel dkar Manuscript Kanjur (London)169 **** N - The Narthang Kanjur 169 **** P1, Pi, P1 - The Phug brag Ms Kanjur170 **** Q - The Peking Kanjur (Otani Reprint)171 **** S The Stog Palace ManuscriptK anjur171 **** T- The Tokyo Manuscript Kanjur172 *** 2 The Stemmatic Relations among the Representatives of Tib172 **** 2.1 The Three Phug brag Versions 173 **** 2.2 The Kanjurs of the Tshal pa Lineage 177 **** 2.3 The Them spangs ma Kanjurs186 **** 2.4 The Position of Bu191 **** 2.5 The Position of A192 **** 2.6 The Relation of the Main Transmissional Groups to Each Other 193 **** 2.7 Possible Stemmas of Tib203 *** 3 Characteristics of the Textual Witnesses of Tib207 **** 3.1 Archaic Features207 **** 3.2 Irregular Verbal Forms208 **** 3.3 Colophons and Translators210 *** 4 A Brief Evaluation of the Chinese Materials213 *** 5 Remarks on the Various Editions214 **** 5. I Principles Governing the Critical Edition of Tib214 **** 5 .2 Remarks on All Editions and Their Critical Apparatuses215 **** 5.3 The Editions of the Tibetan Translations216 **** 5.4 The Chinese Editions218 ** D The Editions221 *** The Critical and Diplomatic Editions221 *** Apparatus of Secondary Variants370 *** Sigla, Symbols and Graphic Devices of the Tibetan Material391 *** Sigla and Graphic Devices of the Chinese Material392 ** E Appendices395 *** Appendix A: Comparative Chart of the Bodhisattva Names in OE396 *** Appendix B: Comparative Chart of Pada Sequences398 *** Appendix C: Comparative Table of Sections and Chapters of the Chinese and Tibetan Editions400 ** Bibliography405 ** Primary Sources, with Abbreviations405 ** Select Secondary Sources412 ** Index427

A Buddhist Bible (1938) +

* Prefacev *Selections from Pali Sources ** The Historic Buddha, Narasu3 ** The Word of the Buddha, Nyanatiloka22 ** Tevigga Sutta, Rhys-Davids61 ** 118th Discourse, Chao Kung73 *Selections from Sanskrit Sources ** Maha-Prajna-Paramita-Hridaya, Goddard85 ** The Diamond Sutra, Wai-tao87 ** The Surangama Sutra, Wai-tao108 ** Lankavatara Scripture, Suzuki and Goddard277 ** The Awakening of Faith, Wai-tao357 *Selections from Chinese Sources ** Tao-teh-king, Wai-tao407 ** Dhyana for Beginners, Wai-tao437 ** Sutra Spoken by the Sixth Patriarch, Wong Mou-lam497 *Selections from Tibetan Sources ** The Life and Hymns of Milarepa, Evans-Wentz561 ** The Supreme Path, Evans-Wentz600 *Selections from Modern Sources ** Homeless Brothers, Yamabe625 ** Practising the Seventh Stage, Goddard634 * Summary of Buddha’s Dharma645 * Appendix659 +

A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes +

* Forewordix * Acknowledgmentsxi * Note on Transcriptionxii * List of Abbreviationsxiii *Part I: Sakya Pandita’s Life and Work ** Introduction3 *Part II: A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes ** Prologue39 ** Vows of Individual Liberation41 ** Vows of the Bodhisattva81 ** Vows of the Vajra Vehicle95 ** Epilogue199 *Part III: Six Letters by Sakya Pandita ** 1. Reply to the Questions of the Translator from Chak205 ** 2. Reply to the Questions of the Translator of Lowo225 ** 3. A Letter to the Noble-Minded229 ** 4. A Letter to the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas of the Ten Directions241 ** 5. Reply to the Questions of Dokorwa the Kadampa259 ** 6. Reply to the Questions of Namkha Bum the Kadampa267 * Appendix A: Gorampa's Outline of A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes273 * Appendix B: Transliteration of the Tibetan Text of A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes277 * Glossary331 * Bibliography337 * Index349 * About the Cover370 +

A Commentary on The Uttara Tantra (Pre-publication edition) +

* 1. Introduction to the Uttara Tantra 1 * 2. The Buddha 21 * 3. The Dharma 28 * 4. The Sangha 39 * 5. Introduction to Book II 50 * 6. Buddha Nature (The 10 Aspects) 55 * 7. Buddha Nature (The 9 Examples) 85 * 8. Enlightenment (1-5 Aspects) 102 * 9. Enlightenment (6-10 Aspects) 121 * 10. The Qualities of Buddhahood 150 * 11. Buddha Activity 170 * 12 The Benefits of the Text 185 ** Appendix A: Technical Terms 197 ** Appendix B: Spellings of Tibetan words 208 ** Appendix C: Biography of Thrangu Rinpoche 211 +

A Comparison of the Concepts of Buddha-Nature and Dao-Nature of Medieval China +

* '''Introduction'''1 * 1. Discussion of previous scholarship2 * 2. Methods and questions addressed in this project8 * 3. The significance of the idea that insentient things have buddha-nature for East Asian Buddhism15 * 4. Background: The legitimacy of the idea that insentient things have buddha- nature in non-Chinese sources17 * 5. The definition of "sentient beings"25 * 6. Chapter summaries32 * '''Chapter 1: An Examination of the Relationship between Human Nature and the Nature of Inanimate Things in Chinese Thought'''36 * 1. The discussion of xing 性 in terms of the nature of mind before Xuanxue 玄學 (Arcane Study)38 * 2. The discussion of xing in terms of ontology49 ** 2.1 The discussion of xing in terms of Daoist ontology before Arcane Study49 ** 2.2 The discussion of xing in terms of ontology in Arcane Study58 * 3. The taxonomy of Daoism81 * 4. Conclusion84 * '''Chapter 2: A Discussion of Dao-Nature in Practical Daoism'''87 * 1. The discussion of dao-nature in practical Daoism91 ** 1.1 Tao Hongjing's 陶弘景 discussion of dao-nature92 ** 1.2 Song Wenming's 宋文明 discussion of dao-nature98 *** 1.2.1 The authorship of the Daode yiyuan 道德義淵98 *** 1.2.2 Song Wenming's discussion of dao-nature108 * 2. The discussion of dao-nature in the Tang dynasty (618–907 A.D.)114 * 3. Conclusion128 * '''Chapter 3: A Discussion of Jizang's 吉藏 Argument that Grasses and Trees Have Buddha-Nature'''130 * 1. Sentient beings: Are they buddha-nature or do they have buddha-nature?136 * 2. Jizang's definition of buddha-nature138 * 3. An examination of Jizang's argument of buddha-nature in an ontological view157 ** 3.1 The meaning of the word li 理 (principle) and the method of linei-liwai 理內理外 (within li, beyond li)157 ** 3.2 An examination of Jizang's argument that insentient things have buddha-nature177 * 4. A comparison of Jizang's discussion of buddha-nature with the dao-nature of Daoism182 * 5. Conclusion184 * '''Chapter 4: An Examination of Zhanran's 湛然 Discussion of Buddha-Nature'''189 * 1. An examination of Zhanran's argument of insentient things having buddha- nature195 * 2. Zhanran's definition and interpretation of buddha-nature203 ** 2.1 Zhanran's discussion of nature203 ** 2.2 Zhanran's definition of buddha-nature205 ** 2.3 The relationship between unity and diversity220 * 3. An investigation of Chinese thought in Zhanran's Fuxing 輔行 (止觀輔行傳弘決) and its association with Zhanran's discussion of buddha-nature223 * 4. Conclusion243 * '''Conclusion: A Comparison of Buddha-Nature and Dao-Nature'''247 * '''Bibliography'''266

A Complete Session of Meditation +

* Introductionv <center>I. Possibilities</center> * Your Enlightened Core3 * Great Beings Talk About the Enlightened Core9 <center>II. Overview</center> * Overview of the Path of Meditation23 <center>III. A Complete Session of Meditation</center> *''Preparations'': ** Taking Refuge and Arousing Enlightenment Mind31 *''Main Practices'': ** Development of Insight into Reality Through the Practices of Shamatha and Vipashyana51 ** The Key Points of the Body: Posture55 ** The Key Points of Mind: Shamatha57 ** The Key Points of Mind: Vipashyana: The Two Truths and Emptiness73 ** The Key Points of Mind: Vipashyana: Emptiness Progressively Understood Through the Four Schools of Buddhist Philosophy91 ** The Key Points of Mind: Vipashyana: Emptiness Known Through Examination of Time103 ** The Key Points of Mind: Vajra Vehicle Meditations on Reality105 *''Conclusion'': ** Dedication, The Seal119 * Glossary123 +

A Direct Path to the Buddha Within +

* Abbreviationsviii * Prefaceix * Introduction1 ** General Remarks1 ** Delimitation of the Subject and Methods Employed3 ** The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' and Its ''Vyākhyā''7 ** The Reaction of Mainstream Mahāyāna to the Theory of Buddha Nature17 * Part I:The Tibetan Historical Context ** 1. The Development of Various Traditions of Interpreting Buddha Nature25 *** Ngog Loden Sherab's Analytical Interpretation of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''25 *** ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' Commentaries in the Meditation Tradition32 *** The Mahāmudrā Interpretation of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''34 *** The Zhentong Interpretation of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''45 ** 2. Various Positions Related to Zhönu Pal's Interpretation49 *** The Position of the Third Karmapa Rangjung Dorjé51 *** The Position of Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen75 *** The Position of Sabzang Mati Panchen84 *** The Position of Lodrö Tsungmé91 *** The Position of Longchen Rabjampa98 *** The Position of Barawa Gyaltsen Palzang113 *** A Comparison of the Positions125 ** 3. A Short Account of the Most Important Events in Zhönu Pal's Life131 * Part II: Translation ** 4. Zhönu Pal's Ratnagotravibhagavyākhya Commentary151 *** Translator's Introduction151 *** Technical Notes154 *** ''The Commentary on the Treatise "Mahāyāna-Uttaratantra": The Mirror Showing Reality Very Clearly'' (Introduction and Initial Commentaries)157 **** Introduction157 **** The Commentary for Those with Sharp Faculties169 **** The Commentary for Those with Average Faculties180 ***** The Explanation of RGV I.1181 ***** The Explanation of RGV I.2204 ****** The Three Jewels: Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha205 ****** Buddha Nature and Its Purification through the Three Dharmacakras214 ****** Enlightenment, Buddha Qualities, and Activity309 ***** A Short Explanation of RGV I.3312 * Part III. Zhonu Pal's Views on Buddha Qualities, Emptiness and Mahamudra ** 5. Buddha Qualities317 *** General Remarks317 *** Different Views on Buddha Qualities318 *** The Blossoming of Subtle Qualities320 *** The Examples Used to Illustrate the Growth of the Qualities342 *** The Ontological Status of the Buddha Qualities344 ** 6. Two Types of Emptiness351 ** 7. Zhönu Pal's Mahāmudrā Interpretation of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''367 *** The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' as a Basis for Mahāmudrā Instructions367 *** The Three Dharmacakras: Mahāmudrā Hermeneutics368 *** The Mahāmudrā Approach of Yogic Direct Valid Cognitions373 *** Sūtra-Based Mahāmudrā Meditation377 **** The First Mahāmudrā Yoga of One-Pointedness381 **** The Second Mahāmudrā Yoga of Freedom from Mental Fabrications382 **** The Third Mahāmudrā Yoga of One Taste384 **** The Fourth Mahāmudrā Yoga of Nonmeditation385 **** The Four Mahāmudrā Yogas and the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''386 *** Zhönu Pal's Justification of a Sudden Mahāmudrā Path397 *** Pairs of Paradoxes406 ** 8. Conclusion411 * Notes423 * Table of Tibetan Transliteration555 * Bibliography565 * Subject Index589 * Indian Text Index607

A Distant Mirror +

* Foreword9 * Michael Zimmermann * Acknowledgements13 * Introduction15 * Michael Radich and Chen-kuo Lin * Chinese Translations of ''Pratyakṣa''33 * Funayama Toru * Epistemology and Cultivation in Jingying Huiyuan’s ''Essay on the Three Means of Valid Cognition''63 * Chen-kuo Lin * The Theory of ''Apoha'' in Kuiji's ''Cheng weishi lun Shuji''101 * Shoryu Katsura * A Comparison between the Indian and Chinese Interpretations of the Antinomic Reason (''Viruddhāvyabhicārin'')121 * Shinya Moriyama * The Problem of Self-Refuting Statements in Chinese Buddhist Logic151 * Jakub Zamorski * A Re-examination of the Relationship between the ''Awakening of Faith'' and Dilun School Thought, Focusing on the Works of Huiyuan183 * Ching Keng * A Pivotal Text for the Definition of the Two Hindrances in East Asia: Huiyuan's "Erzhang yi" Chapter217 * A. Charles Muller * On the Notion of ''Kaidaoyi'' (*''Avakāśadānāśraya'') as Discussed in Xuanzang's ''Cheng weishi lun''271 * Junjie Chu * Yogācāra Critiques of the Two Truths313 * Zhihua Yao * Philosophical Aspects of Sixth-Century Chinese Buddhist Debates on "Mind and Consciousness"337 * Hans-Rudolf Kantor * The Way of Nonacquisition: Jizang’s Philosophy of Ontic Indeterminacy397 * Chien-hsing Ho * Divided Opinion among Chinese Commentators on Indian Interpretations of the Parable of the Raft in the ''Vajracchedikā''419 * Yoke Meei Choong * Ideas about "Consciousness" in Fifth and Sixth Century Chinese Buddhist Debates on the Survival of Death by the Spirit, and the Chinese Background to *''Amalavijñāna''471 * Michael Radich * The Process of Awakening in Early Texts on Buddha-Nature in India513 * Michael Zimmermann * About the Authors529 * Index535

A Feast of the Nectar of the Supreme Vehicle +

* Foreword by Jigme Khyentse Rinpoche xiii * Translator’s Introduction xv *Ornament of the Mahāyāna Sūtras: The Root Verses ** 1. The First Chapter 3 ** 2. Establishing the Great Vehicle as the Buddhas Word 5 ** 3. Refuge 9 ** 4. The Potential 13 ** 5. The Spiritual Intent: Bodhicitta 15 ** 6. Practice 19 ** 7. Thatness 21 ** 8. Powers 23 ** 9. Full Maturation 25 ** 10. Enlightenment 29 ** 11. Interest 41 ** 12. Thorough Investigation 45 ** 13. Teaching the Dharma 57 ** 14. Practicing the Dharma 61 ** 15. Instructions and Follow-Up Teachings 67 ** 16. Skillful Activity 75 ** 17. Transcendent Perfections and Ways of Attracting Disciples 77 ** 18. Offering, Reliance, and Boundless Attitudes 89 ** 19. Elements Leading to Enlightenment 99 ** 20. Qualities 113 ** 21. Conduct and Consummation 125 *A Feast of the Nectar of the Supreme Vehicle: The Commentary ** Preamble, Title, and Translator’s Homage 137 ** Introduction 139 *''Part One: What Is to Be Established: Establishingthe Great Vehicleas the Buddha’s Word'' ** 1. General Presentation 151 ** 2. Specific Explanations 155 *''Part Two: What Is to Be Specifically Known'' ** 3. Refuge 171 ** 4. The Potential 183 ** 5. The Spiritual Intent: Bodhicitta 197 ** 6. Practice 221 *''Part Three: What Is to Be Reflected Upon'' ** 7. Thatness 133 ** 8. Powers 149 ** 9. Full Maturation 259 *''Part Four: The Inconceivable, That Which Is beyond Reflection'' ** 10. Enlightenment 279 ** Recapitulation 339 *''Part Five: The Approach to Enlightenment'' *Preliminaries ** 11. Interest 345 ** 12. Thorough Investigation 359 ** 13. Teaching the Dharma 447 ** 14. Practicing the Dharma 473 ** 15. Instructions and Follow-Up Teachings 491 ** Intermediate Summary 519 *Main Explanation ** 16. Skillful Activity 521 ** 17. Transcendent Perfections and Ways of Attracting Disciples 525 ** 18. Offering, Reliance, and Boundless Attitudes 579 ** 19. Elements Leading to Enlightenment 629 ** 20. Qualities 731 ** 21. Conduct and Consummation 797 ** Conclusion 843 * Appendix 1: Structural Outline 847 * Appendix 2: The Five Bodhisattva Paths and the Thirty-Seven Elements Leading to Enlightenment 863 * Appendix 3: The Three Worlds and Six Realms 867 * Glossary 871 * Works Cited 887 * Bibliography 891 * Index 893

A Fine Blend of Mahamudra and Madhyamaka +

* Abbreviationsviii * Prefaceix * Introduction1 ** General Remarks1 ** A Summary of the Amanasikāra Cycle and the *''Mahāmudrākanakamālā''7 ** Maitrīpa’s Life Story in the '''Bri gung bKa' brgyud chos mdzod''23 * The Collection of Texts on Non-conceptual Realization (The ''Amanasikāra Cycle'')41 ** 1. The Destruction of Wrong Views (''Kudrstinirghātana'')41 ** 2. A Commentary on the [Initial] Statement of "The Destruction of Wrong Views" (''Kudrstinirghātavākyatippinikā'')51 ** 3. The Major Offences (''Mūlūpattayah'')55 ** 4. The Gross Offences (''Sthūlāpattayah'')57 ** 5. A Jewel Garland of True Reality (''Tattvaratndvalī'')59 ** 6. Explaining the Seals of the Five Tathāgatas (''Pañcatathāgatamudrāvivaraṇa'')95 ** 7. A Presentation of Empowerment (''Sekanirdeśa'')107 ** 8. The Succession of the Four Seals (''Caturmudrānvaya'')119 ** 9. A Summary of the Meaning of Empowerment (''Sekatātparyasaṃgraha'')133 ** 10. The Five Aspects [of Vajrasattva] ([''Vajrasattva''-]''Pañcākāra'')147 ** 11. A Discourse on Illusion (''Māyānirukti'')155 ** 12. A Discourse on Dream (''Svapnanirukti'')159 ** 13. An Elucidation of True Reality (''Tattvaprakāśa'')163 ** 14. An Elucidation of Non-Abiding (''Apratiṣṭhānaprakāśa'')169 ** 15. An Elucidation of [the Term] "Indivisible union" (''Yuganaddhaprakāśa'')175 ** 16. The Manifestation of Great Bliss (''Mahāsukhaprakāśa'')181 ** 17. The Twenty Verses on True Reality (''Tattvaviṃśikā'')187 ** 18. The Twenty Verses on Mahāyāna (''Mahāyānaviṃśikā'')193 ** 19. The Five Verses on Penetrating Insight (''Nirvedhapañcaka'')199 ** 20. The Six Verses on the Middle [Path] (''Madhyamaṣaṭka'')203 ** 21. The Five [Verses on Transcendent] Love (''Premapañcaka'')207 ** 22. The Ten Verses on True Reality (''Tattvadaśaka'')211 ** 23. A Justification of Non-conceptual Realization (''Amanasikārādhāra'')241 ** 24. The Six Verses on the Co-emergent (''Sahajaṣaṭka'')259 ** 25. A Pith Instruction on Reality Called A Treasure of Dohas (*''Dohānidhināmatattvopadeśa'')263 ** 26. A Pith Instruction on Settling the Mind Without Becoming Engaged in the Thought Processes of Projecting and Gathering—A Genuine Secret (''Shes pa spro bsdu med par 'jog pa'i man ngag gsang ba dam pa'')269 ** 27. A Golden Garland of Mahāmudrā (*''Mahāmudrākanakamālā'')273 ** Conclusion315 * Edition of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts319 ** General Remarks319 ** 1. ''Kudṛṣṭinirghātana''323 ** 2. ''Kudṛṣṭinirghātavākyaṭippinikā''333 ** 3. ''Mūlāpattayah''337 ** 4. ''Sthūlāpattayah''339 ** 5. ''Tattvaratnāvalī''341 ** 6. ''Pañcatathāgatamudrāvivaraṇa''371 ** 7. ''Sekanirdeśa''385 ** 8. ''Caturmudrānvaya''389 ** 9. ''Sekatātparyasaṃgraha''403 ** 10. ''[Vajrasattva-]Pañcākāra''415 ** 11. ''Māyānirukti''427 ** 12. ''Svapnanirukti''433 ** 13. ''Tattvaprakāśa''437 ** 14. ''Apratiṣṭhānaprakāśa''443 ** 15. ''Yuganaddhaprakāśa''447 ** 16. ''Mahāsukhaprakāśa''451 ** 17. ''Tattvaviṃśikā''457 ** 18. ''Mahāyānaviṃśikā''465 ** 19. ''Nirvedhapañcaka''473 ** 20. ''Madhyamaṣaṭka''477 ** 21. ''Premapañcaka''481 ** 22. ''Tattvadaśaka''485 ** 23. ''Amanasikārādhāra''489 ** 24. ''Sahajaṣaṭka''499 ** 25. *''Dohānidhināmatattvopadeśa''503 ** 26. ''Shes pa spro bsdu med par 'jog pa'i man ngag gsang ba dam pa''507 ** 27. *''Mahāmudrākanakamālā''511 * Bibliography543 ** Primary Sources (Indian)543 ** Primary Sources (Tibetan)549 ** References551 * Index559

A Gathering of Brilliant Moons +

* Foreword * Ringu Tulku ix * Preface xi * Introduction 1 ** Holly Gayley and Joshua Schapiro * Part I: Worldly Counsel 21 ** 1. Facing Your Mind 23 *** Jamgön Kongtrul and Dudjom Lingpa **** Translated by John Canti ** 2. Playful Primers on the Path 47 *** Dza Patrul Rinpoché **** Translated by Joshua Schapiro ** 3. Dictums for Developing Virtue 83 *** Shangtön Tenpa Gyatso **** Translated by Gedun Rabsal and Nicole Willock ** 4. Bold Judgments on Eating Meat 97 *** Shardza Tashi Gyaltsen **** Translated by Geoffrey Barstow ** 5. A Letter to the Queen 109 *** Jikmé Lingpa and Getsé Mahāpaṇḍita **** Translated by Jann Ronis * Part II: Meditation Advice 123 ** 6. Advice for Solitary Retreat 125 *** Do Khyentsé, Dza Patrul Rinpoché, and the Third Dodrupchen **** Translated by Holly Gayley ** 7. Encouragement to Pursue the Path 171 *** Bamda Thupten Gelek Gyatso **** Translated by Michael Sheehy ** 8. How to Practice When Ill 191 *** Jikmé Lingpa **** Translated by Wulstan Fletcher ** 9. An Intimate Exhortation 201 *** Tokden Śākya Śrī **** Translated by Amy Holmes-Tagchungdarpa ** 10. A Meditation Instructor’s Manual 211 *** Dza Patrul Rinpoché **** Translated by Sarah Harding * Part III: Esoteric Instructions 239 ** 11. Pointing to the Nature of Awareness 241 *** Ju Mipham Rinpoché **** Translated by Douglas Duckworth ** 12. [[Articles/Putting_Buddha_Nature_into_Practice|Putting Buddha Nature into Practice]] 251 *** Jamgön Kongtrul **** Translated by Tina Draszczyk ** 13. Instructions on the Great Perfection 285 *** Jamgön Kongtrul **** Translated by Marc-Henri Deroche * Glossary 303 * Tibetan Proper Names 317 * Contributors 327

A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages +

* General Editor’s Prefacexiii * Translator's Introduction1 * Technical Note17 A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages :''Core Teachings on the Glorious Guhyasamāja, King of Tantras'' * 1. Homage and Introduction21 *Part 1. Divisions of Highest Yoga Tantra ** 2. The Two Types of Tantra25 ** 3. Specific Explanation of Guhyasamāja Method Tantra43 ** 4. Praise of Guhyasamāja55 ** 5. Commentarial Traditions59 *Part 2. The Path of Guhyasamāja ** 6. Training in the Guhyasamāja75 ** 7. The Two Stages83 ** 8. Explanation of Evām and of Bliss and Emptiness91 ** 9. The Necessity of Penetrating Vital Points on the Body 123 *Part 3. The Divisions o f the Completion Stage ** 10. The Core Instruction 137 ** 11. TheFiveStages 143 *Part 4. Body Isolation ** 12. Identifying Body Isolation 167 ** 13. Types of Body Isolation 181 ** 14. How Body Isolation Is Incorporated into the Six Yogas 191 ** 15. The Practice o f Body Isolation 199 *Part 5. Speech Isolation ** 16. Identifying Speech Isolation 213 ** 17. Divisions,Functions, and Movement of the Winds 217 ** 18. Significance of the Mantras 253 ** 19. Prānāyāma Meditations 267 ** 20. Vajra Repetition 295 ** 21 . Experiences in Prānāyāma Meditation 309 *Part 6. Mind Isolation ** 22 . The Nature of Mind Isolation 333 ** 23. The Three Appearances and the Intrinsic Natures 341 *Part 7. The Conventional-Truth Illusory Body **24. Gaining Instructions on the Illusory Body **25. Methods of Attaining the Illusory Body **26. The Mixings *Part 8. The Ultimate-Truth Clear Light ** 27. Stages of Attainment443 ** 28. The Outer and Inner Mastery 447 ** 29. The Two Meditative Absorptions 453 ** 30. How the Path of Tantra Must Occur on the Sutra Path 463 ** 31. How Clear Light Is Incorporated into the Six Yogas 475 *Part 9.The Stage of Union ** 31 . The Two Truths Inseparably Combined 483 ** 33. How the Stage of Union Fits into the Six Yogas 503 *Part 10. Tantric Activities ** 34. General Presentation of Activities 509 ** 35. HighestYoga Tantra Activities527 ** 36. Rituals for the Three Activities541 ** 37. The Attainment of Complete Enlightenment559 * Colophon and Dedication563 * Table of Tibetan Transliteration567 * Notes569 * Glossary605 * Bibliography617 * Index629 * About the Contributors649

A Prolegomena to the Śrīmālādevī Sūtra and the Tathāgatagarbha Theory: The Role of Women in Buddhism +

* Introduction1 *Chapter ** I. Historical Overview10 ** II. Tathāgatabarbha61 ** III. Tathāgatagarbha Thought in the Śrīmālādevī-Siṁhanāda Sūtra: Part I116 ** IV. Tathāgatagarbha Thought in the Śrīmālādevī-Siṁhanāda Sūtra: Part II136 * V. The Teaching of Queen Śrīmālā Who Had the Lion's Roar187 * Appendix I: Methodology278 * Appendix II: Bibliography287 +

A Study of Master Yinshun’s Hermeneutics: An Interpretation of the Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine +

* List of Tables10 * Abstract11 * Introduction13 * Chapter 1. The Controversy: The Relationship between the Doctrine of Emptiness and the ''Tathāgatagarbha''25 * Chapter 2. Yinshun's Interpretation of the "Original Purity of the Mind" and Its Role in the Development of the ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Doctrine43 ** 2.1. "Original Purity of the Mind" in pre-Mahāyāna Buddhism45 *** 2.1.1. The "Original Purity of the Mind" and the Cultivation of ''Samādhi''46 *** 2.1.2. Canonical Sources for the "Original Purity of the Mind" Doctrine49 *** 2.1.3. Yinshun's Interpretation of the "Original Purity of the Mind”: The Sarvāstivādin Position52 *** 2.1.4. The Role of Metaphors in the Explication of the "Original Purity of the Mind"57 *** 2.1.5. Unity of the Mind60 ** 2.2. "Original Purity of the Mind" in Early Mahāyāna64 *** 2.2.1. No-Mind and the "Original Purity of the Mind"65 *** 2.2.2. The Bodhisattva Mind69 *** 2.2.3. Bodhicitta, Luminous Purity, and Emptiness72 * Chapter 3. Yinshun's Analysis of the ''Tathāgatagarbha'''s Relationship to the ''Perfection of Wisdom Sūtras'', The ''Huayan Sūtra'', and the ''Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra''79 ** 3.1. The "Equality of all Dharmas" and the "Non-Obstruction of Phenomena"81 *** 3.1.1. The ''Prajñāpāramitā'' Literature81 *** 3.1.2. ''Huayan Sūtra''84 ** 3.2. The Implied Meanings of the ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Theory Found in the ''Huayan Sūtra''86 *** 3.2.1. Tathāgata's Nature Origination Chapter86 *** 3.2.2. The Ten Stages Chapter90 *** 3.2.3. The Vairocana Chapter93 ** 3.3. Mind, Bodhicitta, Bodhi, and Sentient Beings98 *** 3.3.1. ''Bodhicitta'' and ''Bodhi''99 *** 3.3.2. ''Bodhicitta'', ''Bodhi'', and the Doctrine of Emptiness103 *** 3.3.3. ''Bodhicitta'', ''Bodhi'', and the Jewel Metaphor107 ** 3.4. The ''Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra''110 * Chapter 4. The Tathāgatagarbha as the womb of the Tathāgata: Yinshun's Explanation118 ** 4.1. Tathāgata and ''Tathāgatagarbha'' (''Rulai yu rulaizang'')123 ** 4.2. The Selfhood of ''Tathāgatagarbha'' (''Rulaizangwo'')131 ** 4.3. ''Tathāgatagarbha'' is not empty (''Rulaizangbukong'')142 * Chapter 5. Yinshun's Interpretation of the ''Jewel Nature Treatise'''s Treatment of the Tathāgatagarbha148 ** 5.1. The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' as the Chief ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Treatise150 *** 5.1.1. The ''Jewel Nature Treatise'' (''Jiujing yisheng baoxinglun'')150 *** 5.1.2. The ''Wushangyijing''154 *** 5.1.3. The ''Dasheng fajie wuchabie lun''155 ** 5.2. The Texts and Treatises on which the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' are Based157 ** 5.3 An Analysis of the Meaning of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''160 *** 5.3.1 The ''Tathāgatagarbha''160 **** 5.3.1.1. The Pervasive Dharmakāya160 **** 5.3.1.2. Suchness without Distinction161 **** 5.3.1.3. The Buddha's Seed Nature162 *** 5.3.2. The Originally Pure Mind163 *** 5.3.3. Non-Emptiness and the Seed Nature168 *** 5.3.4. "Transforming the Base" (Skt. ''Āśrayaparavṛtti'': Chn. ''Zhuanyi'')170 * Chapter 6 . Conclusion: Yinshun's Hermeneutics173 ** 6.1. Overview of Yinshun's interpretation of ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Doctrine174 ** 6.2. Where to Go from Here193 * References205

A Study of Yogācāric Influence on Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine as Found in Laṅkāvatārasūtra +

** Approval Pageii ** Abstractiii ** Acknowledgementsv ** Dedicationvi ** Table of Contentsvii * CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1 ** 1) A General Statement about This Study1 ** 2) A Brief Review of Related Research8 ** 3) Methodologies Employed in This Study9 * CHAPTER TWO: TATHĀGATAGARBHA THOUGHT PRIOR TO THE ''LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA''11 ** 1) The ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''13 ** 2) The ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra''26 *** I Tathāgatagarbha and Ātman29 *** II Tathāgatagarbha and Śūnyatā32 *** III Tathāgatagarbha is Essentially Pure35 *** IV Tathāgatagarbha is the Supporting Cause37 * CHAPTER THREE: TATHĀGATAGARBHA DOCTRINE IN THE ''LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA'' (1) — TATHĀGATANAIRĀTMYAGARBHA42 ** 1) A Brief Review of the Development of the Nairātmya Doctrine46 *** I "An-ātman" in Primitive Buddhism46 *** II "Niḥsvabhāva" in Madhyamaka School47 *** III "Twofold Nairātmya" in Yogācāra School49 ** 2) Relationship between Tathāgatagarbha and Nairātmya as Found in the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''52 *** I Tathāgatagarbha is Different from Ātman53 *** II Tathāgatagarbha is in Accordance with Nairātmya56 *** III Tathāgatagarbha and Śūnyatā are in Agreement59 ** 3) Tathāgatagarbha and the "Real and Eternal Mind-only"63 *** I Tathāgatagarbha is Essentially "Genuine Ātman"65 *** II Tathāgatagarbha is Essentially Aśūnya74 ** 4) Conclusion81 * CHAPTER FOUR: TATHĀGATAGARBHA DOCTRINE IN THE ''LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA'' (2) — TATHĀGATAGARBHĀLAYAVIJÑĀNA82 ** 1) Meaning of Tathāgatagarbha as Cause Prior to the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''85 *** I The ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra''86 *** II The ''Anūnatvāpūrṇatva-nirdeśa-parivarta-sūtra''88 *** III The ''Ratna-gotra-vibhāga''90 ** 2) Tathāgatagarbha as Cause in the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''92 *** I Meaning of "Supporting Cause" Inherited from the Tathāgatagarbha Tradition93 *** II Meaning of "Producing Cause" Implanted from the Yogācāra School103 ** 3) Conclusion117 * CHAPTER FIVE: TATHĀGATAGARBHA DOCTRINE IN THE ''LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA'' (3) — PARINIṢPĀNNASVABHĀVASTATHĀGATA- GARBHAHṚDAYA122 ** 1) Expansion And Extent of Tathāgatagarbha123 *** I Tathāgata-Wisdom in the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''124 *** II "Tathāgata-Śūnyatā-Wisdom" and "Tathāgata-Realm" in the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra''129 ** 2) Contents of the Term "Pariniṣpanasvabhāva"132 *** I Tathatā in the ''Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra'' and the ''Yogācāryabhūmiśāstra''134 *** II All the Pure Dharmas in the ''Mahāyānasaṃgrahaśāstra''139 ** 3) Pariniṣpanasvabhāvastathāgatagarbhahṛdaya in the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''141 ** 4) Conclusion151 * CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION155 * BIBLIOGRAPHY158

A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra) +

* List of Abbreviationsix * Prefacexi * Introduction1 ** I. The Ratnagotravibhāga, its Text, Translation, and Traditions concering the Author5 *** 1. Text5 *** 2. Translations & Traditions concerning the Author6 ** II. The Structure of the Text10 *** 1. Basic Text and Commentary10 *** 2. Chinese Account of the Basic Verses12 *** 3. Supposed Form of the Original Text18 *** 4. The Commentary and Later Additions19 ** III. Keypoint of the Discourse20 *** 1. ''Ratnagotra'', the Germ of the Three Jewels20 *** 2. 4 Aspects of the Germ23 *** 3. The Absolute26 ** IV. Genealogy of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory32 *** 1. Sources of the Ratnagotravibhāga32 *** 2. ''Cittaprakrti'' and ''Āganutukakleśa''34 *** 3. ''Buddhajñana'' in the Avatamsaka35 *** 4. The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra36 *** 5. The Āryaśrīmālāsūtra37 *** 6. The Anūnatvâpūrnatvanirdeśa and the Mahāparinirvānasūtra39 *** 7. The Mahāyānasūtrâlankāra40 ** V. Works on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory Contemporary with or Succeeding the Ratna.45 *** 1. The Mahāyanadharmadhātvaviśesaśāstra45 *** 2. The Buddhagotraśastra47 *** 3. The Anuttarâśrayasūtra49 *** 4. The Lankāvatāra and the Mahāyānaśraddhôtpādaśāstra53 ** VI. The Position of the Ratna. in Mahāyāna Buddhism54 *** 1. The Ratna. as a Criticism on the Prajñāpāramitā54 *** 2. The Ratna. and the Vijñānavāda57 *** 3. Consideration on the Date and Authorship of the Ratna.61 * Synopsis of the Text63 * Translation and Notes135 <center>Chapter I. — The Matrix of the Tathāgata</center> * I. Introduction141 ** 1) The Meaning of the Adamantine Subjects141 ** 2) Authorities on the 7 Subjects 143 ** 3) The Essential Character of the 7 Subjects146 ** 4) The Inherent Connection among the 7 Subjects153 * II. The Jewel of the Buddha155 ** 1) The eightfold Quality of the Buddhahood156 ** 2) Reference to the ''Jñānâlokâlaṅkārasūtra''159 * III. The Jewel of the Doctrine163 ** 1) The Eightfold Quality of the Doctrine164 ** 2) ''Nirodhasatya'' & ''Mārgasatya''165 ** 3) The Doctrine as the Truth of Extinction165 ** 4) The Doctrine as the Truth of Path168 * IV. The Jewel of the Community172 ** 1) Manner and Extent of Perception173 *** a) Right Manner of Perception174 *** b) Unlimited Extent of Perception175 ** 2) Introspective Character of Bodhisattva’s Perception176 ** 3) Superiority of Bodhisattva’s Community176 * V. The 3 Jewels as Refuges180 ** 1) 3 Refuges from the Empirical Standpoint180 ** 2) The Doctrine and the Community are not the ultimate refuge181 ** 3) Only the Buddha is the Refuge from the ultimate Standpoint184 ** 4) The Meaning of the 3 Jewels185 * VI. The Germ of the 3 Jewels in 4 Aspects186 ** 1) Inconceivability of the 4 Aspects188 ** 2) The Germ as Cause and Conditions of the 3 Jewels in its 4 Aspects194 * VII. The Sermon: All Living Beings are possessed of the ''Tathāgatagarbha''196 * VIII. Analysis of the Germ from 10 Points of View199 ** (I) ''Svabhāva'' & (II) ''Hetu''200 *** 1) The Nature of the Essence of the Tathāgata200 *** 2) Obstructions and Causes for Purification201 ** (III) ''Phala'' & (IV) ''Karman''207 *** 1) The 4 Supreme Virtues as the Result of Purification208 *** 2) Concordance between the 4 Supreme Virtues and the 4 Causes for Purification210 *** 3) 4 Impediments to the Attainment of the Supreme Virtues214 *** 4) Motives of the 4 Supreme Virtues218 *** 4') The Unstable Nirvāṇa219 *** 5) Functions of the Germ for its Purification221 ** (V) Yoga225 *** 1) The Union of the Germ to the Factors of its Purification225 *** 2) The Union of the Germ to the Result of Purification227 ** (VI) ''Vṛtti'' (Manifestation)229 ** (VII) ''Avasthāprabheda'' (Different States of Manifestation)230 ** (VIII) ''Sarvatraga'' (All-pervadingness)233 ** (IX) ''Avikāra''234 *** (A) Unchangeability in the Impure State235 **** 1) Unoriginated Character of the Innate Mind238 **** 2) Indestructible Character of the Innate Mind241 *** (B) Unchangeability in the Pure-and-impure State243 **** 1) Pure Character and Impure Character of the Bodhisattva243 **** 2) Defilements endowed with the Virtuous Root245 **** 3) Bodhisattva’s Compassion — The Parable of a Householder246 **** 4) Bodhisattva’s Perception of the Pure Mind248 **** 5) ' ''Saṃsāra'' ' in the Case of Bodhisattva250 **** 6) Bodhisattva in his 6th Stage250 **** 7) The Pure and Impure State of the Bodhisattva in comparison with the Ordinary Being and the Buddha253 *** (C) Unchangeability in the Perfectly Pure State256 ** (X) ''Asaṃbheda''258 *** 1) Synonyms of the Essence of the Tathāgata259 *** 2) The Point: Buddhahood is Nirvāṇa261 *** 3) The Parable of Painters263 *** 4) Similarity of the Buddhahood to the Sun265 * IX. The 9 Illustrations on the Germ covered with Defilements268 ** 1) The 9 Illustrations according to the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra268 ** 2) 9 Kinds of Defilements — the Impurities of the Mind277 ** 3) Concordance between the 9 Illustrations and 9 Kinds of Defilements281 ** 4) The threefold Nature of the Essence283 *** a) ''Dharmakāya''284 *** b) ''Tathatā''287 *** c) ''Tathāgatagotra''288 * X. The Essential Characteristics of the Matrix of the Tathāgata294 ** 1) The Saying: ' All Living Beings are possessed of the Matrix of the Tathāgata ' is the Highest Logical Truth294 ** 2) The 4 Kinds of Individuals to whom the Faith in this Essence is necessary296 ** 3) The True Conception of the Matrix of the Tathāgata as representing Non-substantiality300 * XI. The Purpose of Instruction305 <center>Chapter II. — The Enlightenment</center> * XII. General Characteristics of the Reality free from Pollutions310 * XIII. 8 Points on the Undefiled Reality314 ** (I) ''Svabhāva'' & (II) ''Hetu''314 ** (III) ''Phala''315 ** (IV) ''Karman''318 ** (V) ''Yoga''322 ** (VI) ''Vṛtti''324 *** a) The Body of the Absolute Essence326 *** b) The Body of Enjoyment328 *** c) The Apparitional Body329 ** (VII) ''Nitya''331 ** (VIII) ''Acintya''334 <center>Chapter III. — The Properties of the Buddha</center> * XIV. General Characteristics of the Buddha’s Properties336 * XV. The 64 Properties of the Buddha338 ** (I) The 10 Powers338 ** (II) The 4 Forms of Intrepidity339 ** (III) The 18 Exclusive Properties341 ** (IV) The 32 Marks of the Superman343 *** (Commentary)347 <center>Chapter IV. — The Acts of the Buddha</center> * XVI. General Characteristics of the Acts of the Buddha351 * XVII. The 9 Illustrations on the Buddha's Acts355 ** 1) Buddha's Magnanimity355 ** 2) The 9 Illustrations taken from the ''Jñānâlokâlaṅkārasūtra''356 ** 3) Summary of the Illustrations given by the Commentator374 ** 4) Summary of Examples given in the Kārikās375 ** 5) Non-origination and Non-extinction of the Buddhahood377 ** 6) The Point of Dissimilarity377 <center>Chapter V. — The Merits of Faith</center> * XVIII. The Merits of Having Faith in the Doctrine of the Essence of Buddhahood380 ** 1) The Superiority of Faith to other Virtues in regard to their Merits380 ** 2) Authority, Motive, and Characteristics of this Text being the Correct Doctrine384 ** 3) Means of preserving oneself within the Doctrine386 ** 4) Causes and Results of the Loss of the Doctrine387 ** 5) Conclusion389 * Appendixes ** I. Supposed for of the Original Śloka-grantha393 ** II. Corrections & Emendations to the Sanskrit Text396 ** III. Description of the Ultimate Reality by Means of the Six Categories400 * Indexes ** 1. Index of Sanskrit Terms411 ** 2. Index of Works, Authors & Schools437

A Treasury of Mahāyāna Sūtras +

* Acknowledgementsvii * Prologueix **I. On Māyā and Miracles *** 1 The Prophecy of the Magician Bhadra's Attainment of Buddhahood (Sūtra 21)3 **II. On Emptiness *** 2 The Demonstration of the Inconceivable State of Buddhahood (Sūtra 35)27 *** 3 Flawless Purity: A Dialogue with the Laywomen Gaṅgottarā (Sūtra 31)37 *** 4 How to Kill the Sword of Wisdom (Sūtra 36)41 *** 5 A Discourse on Ready Eloquence (Sūtra 33)73 *** 6 Mañjuśrī's Discourse on the Pāramitā of Wisdom (Sūtra 46)100 *** 7 The Prophecy of Bodhisattva Fearless Virtue's Attainment of Buddhahood (Sūtra 32)115 *** 8 The Universal Dharma-Door to the Inconceivable (Sūtra 10)134 *** 9 The Inexhaustible Stores of Wisdom (Sūtra 20)149 *** 10 The Prediction of Mañjuśrī's Attainment of Buddhahood (Sūtra 15)164 **III. On the Light of the Tathāgata *** 11 The Manifestation of Lights (Sūtra 11)191 **IV. On Consciousness *** 12 The Elucidation of Consciousness (Sūtra 39)223 **V. On Virtue and Discipline *** 13 Bodhisattva Surata's Discourse (Sūtra 27)243 *** 14 Sumati’s Questions (Sūtra 30)256 *** 15 The Definitive Vinaya (Sūtra 24)262 *** 16 Abiding in Good and Noble Deportment (Sūtra 44)280 **VI. On Pure Land *** 17 The Dharma-Door of Praising Tathāgata Akṣobhya's Merits (Sūtra 6)315 *** 18 The Land of Utmost Bliss (Sūtra 5)339 **VII. On General Mahāyāna Doctrine *** 19 The True Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā (Sūtra 48)363 *** 20 The Sūtra of Assembled Treasures (Sūtra 43)387 *** 21 Dialogue with Bodhisattva Infinite Wisdom (Sūtra 45)415 **VIII. On Skillful Means *** 22 On the Pāramitā of Ingenuity (Sūtra 38)427 ** Glossary469 ** Numerical Glossary487

Accessing Tibetan Tathāgatagarbha Interpretations based on The Ratnagotravibhāga +

* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSi * ABBREVIATIONSii * CHARTSiv * INTRODUCTION1 * CHAPTER ONE: THE SOURCE TEXTS5 ** HISTORY6 *** ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' and ''Ratnagotravibhagavyākhyā''6 *** ''Authorship and date''9 *** ''Sanskrit Editions of RGV and RGVV''14 *** ''Chinese translations of RGVV''16 *** ''The RGV and RGVV in the Tibetan tradition''17 ** CONTENT21 *** ''Structure''21 *** ''Translation of Selected verses of RGV''31 *** ''Translation of the corresponding sections of RGVV''34 *** ''Critical Edition of Selected verse of RGV and their corresponding RGVV sections''40 ** CONCLUSION49 * CHAPTER TWO: THEORY AND PRACTICE51 ** THEORY AND PRACTICE WITHIN THE TRADITION52 *** ''Tathāgatagarbha''52 *** ''Tibetan Classifications of RGV & RGVV''55 *** ''Tibetan exegesis''58 ** CURRENT THEORY AND PRACTICE IN TIBETOLOGY60 *** ''Tathāgatagarbha''60 *** ''RGV studies''62 *** ''General observationos on Context, Sources and Classifications''71 ** CONCLUSION75 * CHAPTER THREE: METHODS77 ** HYPOTHESES77 ** METHODS CHOSEN78 ** CONCLUSION81 * CHAPTER FOUR: SURVEY82 *** ''Sources for information about RGV commentaries''83 *** ''Sources for information about commentators''84 *** ''Commentary titles''90 ** A PROVISIONAL LIST OF TIBETAN COMMENTARIES ON RGV & RGVV92 *** ''Information about authors whose commentaries are currently considered lost''93 *** ''Information about authors whose commentaries are in an uncertain location''100 *** ''Information about authors and their preserved RGV commentaries''108 *** ''Information about authors and their commentaries that are preserved and reproduced''114 ** CONCLUSION137 * CHAPTER FIVE: COMPARISON140 ** INTERPRETATIONS142 ** INFORMATION GAINED FROM INTERPRETATIONS210 *** ''Divergence in interpretations of The Main Thesis & Its Three Reasons''216 *** ''Isolation of main divergence''237 ** CONCLUSION244 * CHAPTER SIX: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS246 * SANSKRIT EDITION OF THE SELECTED RGV VERSES250 * BIBLIOGRAPHY252 ** TIBETAN SOURCES252 ** TIBETAN COLLECTIONS255 ** TIBETAN REFERENCE WORKS257 ** SOURCES IN WESTERN LANGUAGES259 ** JAPANESE SOURCES270

Affirmation in Negation: A Study of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Light of the Bodhisattva Practices +

* Introduction1 * Chapter One: The Term Tathāgatagarbha and Some of Its Synonyms8 ** 1. Tathāgatagarbha8 *** A. Tathāgata8 *** B. Garbha16 *** C. Tathāgatagarbha17 ** 2. Tathāgatagotra20 *** A. Gotra20 *** B. Tathāgatagotra37 ** 3. Dharmadhātu and Buddhadhātu40 *** A. Dhātu40 *** B. Dharmadhātu45 *** C. Buddhadhātu50 ** 4.Dharmakāya55 ** 5. Prakṛtipariśuddhacitta65 * Chapter Two: The Development of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory in India (1) —The Earlier Period74 ** 1. Sūtras:77 *** A. Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra77 *** B. Anūnatvāpūrṇatva-nirdeśa80 *** C. Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanāda-sūtra85 *** D. Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra95 *** E. Anuttarāśraya-sūtra103 *** F. Some Minor Sūtras104 ** 2. Śāstras:115 *** A. Ratnagotravibhāga-śāstra115 *** B. Mahāyānadharmadhātvaviśeṣa-śāstra126 ** 3. A Chart of the Chronological Order of these Works130 * Chapter Three: The Development of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory in India (2) —The Later Period131 ** 1. Sūtras:143 *** A. Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sūtra143 *** B. Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra149 *** C. Ghanavyūha-sūtra156 ** 2. Śāstras:160 *** A. The Buddha Nature Treatise160 *** B. Mahāyānaśraddhotpāda-śāstra167 * Chapter Four: The Development of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory in China173 ** 1. The Place of the Tathāgatagarbha theory in Different Kinds of P'an-chiao Systems174 ** 2. The Influence of the MPN in Chinese Buddhism181 *** A. The Issue of the Icchantikas181 *** B. Different Kinds of Buddha Nature184 *** C. The Direct Cause of Buddha Nature195 ** 3. The Buddha Nature in Some Chinese Buddhist Schools213 *** A. The Nieh-p'an School213 *** B. The T'ien-t'ai School219 *** C. The Hua-yen School225 *** D. The Ch'an School230 * Chapter Five: Refutation of Matsumoto's and Hakamaya's Criticism on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory241 ** 1. Fallacies Shared by Matsumoto and Hakamaya242 *** A. The Issue of Time versus Space243 *** B. The Issue of Unity versus Diversity247 *** C. The Issue of Permanence versus Impermanence250 ** 2. Extreme Views of Matsumoto's Criticism252 *** A. On the Concepts of Vimukti and Nirvāṇa252 *** B. On the Concept of Dharmakāya256 ** 3. Misconceptions of Hakamaya's Criticism261 *** A. On the Authoritarianism and the Lack of Real Altruism in the Theory of Fundamental Enlightenment263 *** B. On the Anti-religious Faith in the Theory of Fundamental Enlightenment270 * Chapter Six: A Comparison between the "Ātman" in the Tathāgatagarbha theory and That in the Upaniṣads277 ** 1. The "Ātman" in the Upaniṣads277 *** A. Ātman280 *** B. Brahman288 *** C. The Identification of Ātman and Brahman296 ** 2. Comparison of the Concept of ''Ātman'' in the Tathāgatagarbha Theory with That in the Upaniṣads303 *** A. Downward versus Upward303 *** B. Unitary Brahman versus Myriads of Buddhas307 *** C. Knowledge Leading to the Oneness with the Ātman/Brahman versus the Great Compassion for the Salvation of All315 * Chapter Seven: The Purpose of Postulating the Concept of Ātmapāramitā in the Tathāgatagarbha Theory329 ** 1. Controversy over the Concept of Anātman Depicted in the Early Canons330 *** A. The Doctrine of Anātman—the Negative Attitude towards the Idea of Ātman330 *** B. Having the Self for an Island—the Positive Attitude towards the Idea of Ātman335 *** C. The Silence of the Buddha—the Neutral Attitude towards the Idea of Ātman339 *** D. The Controversy over the Issue of Ātman versus Anātman in Buddhism345 **** (I)Those Who Maintain That There Is Absolutely No Self or Soul and Their Theories of Karman and Transmigration346 **** (II) The Other Side of the Controversy356 ** 2. The Absolute in the Mādhyamika and Yogācāra Schools366 *** A. The Concept of Anātman and the Absolute in the Mādhyamika School367 **** (I) The Concept of Anātman367 **** (II) Is the Supreme Truth the Absolute in the Mādhyamika Theory?375 *** B. The Concept of Ālayavijñāna and the Absolute in the Yogācāra School381 **** (I) The Substratum Consciousness—Ālayavijñāna383 **** (II) The Paramārtha-satya in the Yogācāra School391 ** 3. The Purpose of Postulating the Concept of Ātmapāramitā in the Tathāgatagarbha Theory395 * Chapter Eight: The Tathāgatagarbha Theory as a Support to the Bodhisattva Practices406 ** 1. The Tathāgatagarbha Theory and the Bodhisattva Path406 *** A. Buddhayāna Is the Only True Vehicle407 *** B. Bodhisattva Practices Are the Only Way to One's Salvation from the Saṃsāra422 ** 2. The Tathāgatagarbha Theory as a Support to the Bodhisattva Practices431 *** A. Tathāgatagarbha and the Bodhicittotpāda433 *** B. Tathāgatagarbha and the Bodhisattva Vows435 *** C. Tathāgatagarbha and the Six Pāramitās441 * Conclusion450 * Appendix A: Translation of the Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra454 ** I. Introductory Remarks454 ** II. The Translation457 *** Introduction457 *** Parable of the Metamorphosed Buddhas inside Lotuses464 *** Parable of the Honey Guarded by Countless Bees468 *** Parable of the Grain inside Husks470 *** Parable of the Gold in Impurities472 *** Parable of the Treasure under the Ground475 *** Parable of the Seed inside a Fruit478 *** Parable of the Golden Statue Wrapped in Rags480 *** Parable of the Embryo of Cakravartin in the Womb of a Poor Woman484 *** Parable of the Golden Image inside the Earthen Mold487 *** Merits of Recitation of This Sūtra490 *** The Jātaka Story of Bodhisattva Aparyantaprabha494 *** Conclusion503 * Appendix B: Glossary of Selected Technical Terms504 ** I. Sanskrit-English504 ** II. Chinese-English506 ** Ill. Japanese-English509 * Bibliography511

An Early Tibetan Survey of Buddhist Literature +

* '''Contents'''vi * '''Acknowledgements'''ix * '''Abbreviations'''x * '''Part One. Introduction'''1 ** 1. The Career of Bcom ldan ral gri3 ** 2. The Context of Bcom ldan ral gri's ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od'': A Preliminary Survey of the Production of Tibetan Canonical Collections under Mongol Rule9 *** 2.1 Canonical Collections before "Bka' 'gyur" and "Bstan 'gyur"9 *** 2.2 Early Canonical Production in the Sa skya Tradition14 *** 2.3 Canonical Production at Tshal and Elsewhere32 *** 2.4 Local Variation in the Contents of Early Kangyurs and Tengyurs41 *** 2.5 Bcom ldan ral gri and Debates on the Canonicity of the ''Guhyagarbha Tantra''46 ** 3. The Structure, Contents, and Date of the ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od''51 ** 4. Conventions71 ** '''Appendices'''x ** 1. Outline of the ''Bstan bcos kyi dkar chag'' by Dbus pa Blo gsal Rtsod pa'i seng ge (ca. 1270-ca. 1355)75 ** 2. Outline of Chapter Four of Bu ston Rin chen grub's (1290-1364) ''History''77 ** 3. A Comparison of Sections in the ''Lhan dkar ma, 'Phyang thang ma'', and ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od''85 ** 4. The '''Phang thang ma'' Section Titles in Bcom ldan ral gri's 1261 ''Thub pa'i bstan pa rgyan gyi me tog''87 ** 5. Section titles of the Zhwa lu/Sne'u gdong 1362 ''Bstan 'gyur''89 ** 6. Titles in the ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od'' corresponding to titles of missing works in Bu ston Rin chen grub's ''History''91 ** Select Bibliographies93 * '''Part Two. The ''Bstan pa rgyas pa rgyan gyi nyi 'od'''''102 ** Title104 ** Opening Verse104 ** 1. How Tibet Developed105 ** 2. How Buddhism Developed in Tibet108 ** 3. Prajñāpāramitā115 ** 4. Avatamsaka118 ** 5. Ratnakūta120 ** 6. Mahāyāna Sūtras124 ** 7. Hīnayāna Sūtras135 ** 8. Dhāranī140 ** 9. *Nāma, Pranidhāna, and Mangala150 ** 10. Sūtra Commentaries154 ** 11. Translations from Chinese and Khotanese159 ** 12. Vinaya163 ** 13. Abhidharma166 ** 14. Cittamātra Śāstra168 ** 15. Madhyamaka Śāstra171 ** 16. Bodhisattvacārya and Bhāvanākrama174 ** 17. Stotra177 ** 18. Guhyamantra180 ** 19. Tarka189 ** 20. Partial Unrevised Translations192 ** 21. How Translators, Scholars, Kings, and Ministers Appeared in Tibet213 ** 22. Translations by Lo tsā ba Rin chen bzang po197 ** 23. Translations by Students of Rin chen bzang po209 ** 24. Translations by Lo tsā ba Nag tsho Tshul khrims rgyal ba213 ** 25. Translations Just After Atiśa (ca. 982-ca.1054) Passed Away220 ** 26. Translations by 'Brog mi Lo tsā ba Blo ldan shes rab and Others228 ** 27. Translations by Rngog Lo tsā ba Blo ldan shes rab and Others237 ** 28. Translations by Pa tshab Lo tsā ba Nyi ma grags and Others245 ** 29. A Classification of Authentic and Inauthentic Sūtras, Tantra, and Śāstras255 ** 30. Works Composed up to the Era of Emperor Khri Ral pa can263 ** 31. Concluding Instruction274 * Concluding Verses277 * Colophon277 * Post-colophonic Gloss277

An Introduction to Buddhism (Takasaki) +

* Preface to the English Versioniii * A Note on Foreign Wordsviii * Introduction: What is Buddhism?1 ** Buddha, Dharma, and Saṃgha: The Three Constituents of Buddhism3 ** Taking Refuge in the Three Treasures5 ** The Absolute Nature of the Dharma8 ** Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna: The "Greater" and "Lesser" Vehicles11 ** The Buddhist Canon (''tri-piṭaka'')16 * I. The Life of Śākyamuni23 ** The Buddha Śākyamuni23 ** Biographies of the Buddha25 ** Birth and Renunciation28 ** Austerities and Enlightenment31 ** The Beginnings of Śākyamuni's Teaching Ministry: His First Sermon34 ** Dissemination of the Teaching and the Growth of the Community38 ** The Great Decease42 ** Erection of ''Stūpas'' and the First Council45 * II. The True Nature of the Buddha49 ** Designations of the Buddha50 ** Buddha and Tathāgata53 ** The Former Lives of the Buddha55 ** The Buddhas of the Three Ages59 ** The Buddhas of the Ten Directions61 ** Material Body and Dharma-Body64 ** The Theory of Three Bodies68 * III. Dharma: The Buddhist Conception of Truth70 ** The Meanings of ''Dharma''70 ** The Basis of the Teaching: Dependent Co-arising and the Four Noble Truths76 ** Śākyamuni's: Philosophical Position: The Ten or Fourteen Unanswerables85 ** "Dharma-seals": The Watchwords of Buddhism89 ** ''Saṃskāra'' and ''Dharma'': The Dependently Co-arisen96 ** ''Dharmatā'': The Principle of Dependent Co-arising100 ** The Conception· of Truth in Mahāyāna Buddhism104 ** Supreme Truth and Conventional Truth105 * IV. ''Sarva-dharmāh'': The Constituent Elements of Existence107 ** The Classification of the Constituent Elements of Existence in the Early Canon: The Five Aggregates, Twelve Sense-Fields, and Eighteen Realms107 ** The Sarvāstivādin Classification of the Constituent Elements of Existence: The Five Categories and Seventy-five Elements114 ** The Sarvāstivādin Theory of the Elements: The Elements Exist Eternally120 ** The Mahāyānist Conception of the Elements: All is Empty126 * V. Transmigration, Karma, and Mental Defilements128 ** Transmigratory Existence: The Three Realms and Six Paths128 ** Karma137 ** Mental Defilements141 ** The Twelvefold Chain of Dependent Co-arising149 * VI. The Path to Enlightenment163 ** Nirvāṇa and Enlightenment163 ** The Mahāyānist Conception of Nirvāṇa168 ** The Path to Enlightenment170 ** The Noble Eightfold Path172 ** The Three Disciplines: Morality, Meditation, and Wisdom174 ** Faith and Practice188 ** Practices for· the Welfare of Others191 ** The Practices of the Bodhisattva: The Six Perfections193 * VII. Mind: The Agency of Practice198 ** No-self and Subjective Agency198 ** Mind (''citta'', ''manas'', and ''vijñāna'')200 ** Mind-only and Cognition-only205 ** The Innately Pure Mind and the Embryo of the Tathāgata215 ** Enlightenment and Salvation223 * VIII. The Ideal Practitioner227 ** The Concept "Man"227 ** Ordinary Man and Holy Man228 ** The Stages of the Bodhisattva233 ** "One Vehide" and "Three Vehicles"240 * IX. The Precepts and the Organization of the Community246 ** The Meaning of ''Saṃgha''246 ** The Organization of the Community250 ** Community Regulations255 * X. The History of Buddhism263 ** 1. Buddhism in India and the Surrounding Lands264 *** The Basic Schism264 *** The Mauryan Dynasty and Dissemination to Sri Lanka266 *** The Kushan Dynasty and the Northern Tradition of Buddhism267 *** The Characteristics of Schismatic Buddhism268 *** The Birth of Mahāyāna Buddhism269 *** The Mādhyamika and Yogācāra Schools270 *** The Age of Esoteric Buddhism272 *** Tibetan Buddhism275 *** The Southern Tradition of Buddhism277 *** The Revival of Buddhism in India278 ** 2. Chinese Buddhism279 *** The Introduction of Buddhism279 *** Buddhism Takes Root: The Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties280 *** The Establishment of Chinese Buddhism: The Sui and T'ang Dynasties283 *** Subsequent Developments290 ** 3. Korean Buddhism290 ** 4. Japanese Buddhism293 *** The Introduction of Buddhism and Prince Shōtoku293 *** The Sects of the Nara Period294 *** The Tendai and Shingon Sects297 *** The Rise of the Pure Land Teachings300 *** The Introduction of the Zen Sects301 *** The Nichiren and Ji Sects303 *** Buddhism since the Muromachi Period305 * Sources309 * Select Bibliography315 * General Index325 * Character Index352 * The Author; the Translator375

Approaching the Great Perfection +

* Prefacexi * List of Abbreviationsxv * Part I: Introduction1 * Chapter One: Approaches to Enlightenment3 ** The Great Perfection3 ** Simultaneous and Gradual11 * Chapter Two: Jigme Lingpa21 ** The Life and Education of Jigme Lingpa21 ** Jigme Lingpa's Works25 * Chapter Three: The Longchen Nyingtig31 ** 1. Treasure Texts31 ** 2. Revelation, Writing, and Publishing34 ** 3. The Contents of the Longchen Nyingtig40 * Part II: Simultaneous and Gradual49 * Chapter Four: Immanence and Distinction51 ** 1. Key Concepts of the Seminal Heart51 ** 2. Immanence54 ** 3. Distinction56 ** 4. Reconciling Immanence with Distinction: The Buddha Nature63 * Chapter Five: The Simultaneous Approach71 ** 1. Criticism of Causal Practice71 ** 2. Criticism of Inferior Approaches76 ** 3. The Rejection of Stages in Realization91 * Chapter Six: The Gradual Approach93 ** 1. Graduated Practice within the Longchen Nyingtig93 ** 2. Levels of Realization106 * Chapter Seven: Interpretation and Reconciliation115 ** 1. Simultaneous and Gradual Realization: The Levels of Ability115 ** 2. The Manifestation of Enlightenment: The Khyung Bird124 ** Chapter Eight: Conclusions129 * Part III: Translations133 * Technical note on the translations135 *Treasure Texts ** 1. The Great Perfection Tantra of the Expanse of Samantabhadra's Wisdom (YLG)137 ** 2. The Subsequent Tantra of Great Perfection Instruction (GP)148 ** 3. Experiencing the Enlightened Mind of Samantabhadra (KGN)155 ** 4. Distinguishing the Three Essential Points of the Great Perfection (NSB)162 *Pure Visions ** 5. An Aspirational Prayer for the Ground, Path, and Result(ML)167 ** 6. Vajra Verses on the Natural State (DTK)170 *Supporting Texts ** 7. The White Lotus (PK)173 ** 8. The Words of the Omniscient One (KZL)208 ** 9. The Lion's Roar That Destroys the Deviations of Renunciants Meditating on the Seminal Heart (SN)225 ** 10. Seeing Nakedly the Natural State of the Great Perfection (NCT)235 * Part IV: Critical Editions239 * Technical note on the critical editions241 ** 1. rDzogs pa chen po kun tu bzang po ye shes klong gi rgyud243 ** 2. Man ngag rdzogs pa chen po rgyud phyi ma251 ** 3. Kun tu bzang po'i dgongs nyams255 ** 4. rDzogs pa chen po'i gnad gsum shan byed259 ** 5. gZhi lam bras bu'i smon lam261 ** 6. gNas lugs rdo rje tshig rkang263 ** 7. rGyab brten padma dkar po264 ** 8. Kun mkhyen zhal lung288 ** 9. Gol shor tshar gcod sengge ngar ro300 ** 10. rDzogs pa chen po gnas lugs cer mthong307 * Appendix I311 * Appendix II319 * Appendix III321 * Notes325 * Bibliography367 * Index383

Awakening the Sleeping Buddha +

* Introductionvii * 1 Buddha Nature1 * 2 Bodhichitta 23 * 3 Reincarnation and Karma 49 * 4 Emptiness 85 * 5 Tantric Science 107 * 6 Transformation 123 * 7 Enlightenment 139 * 8 Mahamudra 153 * Glossary 169 +

Açvagosha's Discourse on the Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna +

* Introduction1 **Date, 2; Nativity and Peregrination, I7; Appellations, 20; Converversion, 24; Lists of Patriarchs, 32; As an Artist, 34; Works in Chinese Translations, 36; Chinese Translations of the "Discourse on the Awakening of Faith," 38; Outlines of the "Discourse on the Awakening of Faith," 41. * Adoration46 * Discourse48 **I. Introductory, 49; II. General Statement, 52; Ill. The Explanation, 55; IV. Practice of Faith, 127; V. Benefits, 146. * Glossary151 * Index155 +

B

Bde gshegs snying po rigs kyi chos skor +

* སྔོན་གླེང་ངོ་སྤྲོད་xi * དཔེ་སྐྲུན་གསལ་བཤད་xxxix * ༡ བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོ་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པ་མཛེས་བྱེད་ཀྱི་རྒྱན། བུ་སྟོན་རིན་ཆེན་གྲུབ། 3-63 * ༢ བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོ་བསྟན་པ་ 65-69 * ༣ དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་བསྟན་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཀྱི་མཆན་འགྲེལ། ཀརྨ་པ་མཁའ་ཁྱབ་རྡོ་རྗེ། 71-88 * ༤ ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་རྒྱུད་བླ་མའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ལེགས་པར་བཤད་པ། རོང་སྟོན་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། 89-206 ** ལེའུ་དང་པོ། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོའི་ལེའུ་ 89-149 ** ལེའུ་གཉིས་པ། བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ལེའུ་ 150-166 ** ལེའུ་གསུམ་པ། ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་ལེའུ་ 167-176 ** ལེའུ་བཞི་པ། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་འཕྲིན་ལས་མཛད་པའི་ལེའུ་ 177-197 ** ལེའུ་ལྔ་པ། ཕན་ཡོན་གྱི་ལེའུ་ 198-206 * ༥ ཆོས་དབྱིངས་བསྟོད་པའི་འགྲེལ་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་རྣམ་པར་ངེས་པ། ཤཱཀྱ་མཆོག་ལྡན། 207-238 * ༦ རིགས་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་དོན། རྗེ་བཙུན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན། 239-287 * ༧ བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོའི་སྟོང་ཐུན་ཆེན་མོ་སེངྒེའི་ང་རོ། འཇུ་མི་ཕམ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ། 289-316 * ཞུ་སྒྲིག་པའི་མཆན་317-352 * ལུང་འདྲེན་ཕྱག་དཔེའི་མཚན་གཞུང་ 353-357 * ཞུ་སྒྲིག་པའི་ཁུངས་བཅོལ་གྱི་ཡིག་ཆ་ཁག་359-362 +

Buddha Nature (Sallie King) +

* Prefaceix * Abbreviationsxi * Chapter One: Introduction 1 ** A. The Role of the Buddha Nature Concept 1 ** B. Terms 3 ** C. History 5 ** D. The Text of the ''Buddha Nature Treatise'' 23 ** E. The ''Buddha Nature Treatise'' and Chinese Buddhist Thought 27 * Chapter Two: The Concept of Buddha Nature 29 ** A. Taking the Semantic Ascent 29 ** B. Refutation of Other Views 30 ** C. The Essence of Buddha Nature 40 *** 1. The Buddha Nature as Three Causes 40 *** 2. The Three Natures (''Trisvabhāva'') 42 *** 3. ''Tathāgatagarbha'' 48 * Chapter Three: Soteriology: Buddha Nature as the Practice of Buddhism 57 ** A. ''Āśrayaparāvṛtti'' 58 ** B. ''Dharmakāya'' and ''Nirvāṇa'' 65 ** C. ''Trikāya: Sambhogakāya'' and ''Nirmāṇakāya'' 72 ** D. The Relationship Between Person and Buddha 80 * Chapter Four: Dereification of Self and Mind 83 ** A. The "Own-Nature" of Buddha Nature 83 ** B. ''Ātmapāramitā'' 86 ** C. Self 92 ** D. Pure Mind 92 ** E. ''Dharmakāya'' and "Self" 94 ** F. Mind 95 * Chapter Five: Ontology: Monism vs. Nondualism 99 ** A. All Sentient Beings Possess the Buddha Nature 103 ** B. The ''Pāramitā'' 104 ** C. ''Śūnya-Aśūnya'' 107 ** D. Buddha Nature Exists Aboriginally 111 ** E. Unborn and Unchanging 112 * Chapter Six: Engaging in Spiritual Cultivation 117 * Chapter Seven: Buddha Nature and the Concept of Person 137 ** A. The Ontological-Metaphysical Dimension 139 ** B. The Existential Dimension 144 ** C. A Final Question 150 * Chapter Eight: Retrospective and Prospective 153 ** A. Retrospective: Summary of the Text 153 ** B. The ''Buddha Nature Treatise'' and Chinese Buddhist Thought 156 ** C. Buddha Nature Thought and Western Buddhism 169 * Notes 173 * Glossary 185 * Index 201

Buddha Nature (Shamar) +

* Preface by Jigme Rinpocheix * Preface by the translatorxi * Introduction by the translator1 * '''Buddha Nature:'''13 **Our Potential for Wisdom, **Compassion, and Happiness * Ignorance does not have a concrete beginning, but it does have an end15 * Scriptural sources19 * Mind, the foundation of everything21 * Begin with bodhicitta25 * Buddha wisdom, the true nature of mind29 ** The thirty-two qualities of the dharmakāya29 ** The ten powers (qualities 1-10)29 ** The four types of fearlessness (qualities 11-14)34 ** The eighteen qualities exclusive to buddhas37 *** Behavior and way of training sentient beings37 ***(qualities 15-20) *** The realization of buddhas (qualities 21-26)40 *** The activity of buddhas (qualities 27-29)42 *** The wisdom of buddhas (qualities 30-32)43 ** How can qualities be present but not manifest?43 ** The special qualities of the form kāyas46 ** Purification of obscurations50 ** The all-accomplishing wisdom52 ** The wisdom that knows the variety of appearances54 ** The wisdom of equality55 ** The difference between an arhat and a buddha55 ** The form kāyas do not resemble an ordinary body56 ** Ignorance and illusory appearances do not reoccur56 ** Buddha nature resembles gold ore57 ** Purification: its basis, object, method, and result58 *** The basis of purification58 *** The object of purification58 *** The method of purification59 *** The result of purification59 * Concluding advice61 * '''Revealing Buddha Nature'''63 *A treatise by the 3rd Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje * Endnotes79 * About the Author83 * About the Translator85

Buddha Nature Across Asia +

* Editor's Introduction9 *1. Varieties of Early Buddha Nature Teaching in India ** ''Christopher V. Jones''25 *2. The ''Mahāyānottaratantraśāstropadeśa'' of Sajjana: A Reading Sanskrit Text and Annotated Translation ** ''Kazuo Kano''55 *3. From Buddha Nature to Original Enlightenment: "Contemplating Suchness" in Medieval Japan ** ''Jacqueline I. Stone''93 *4. How the Concepts of Buddha Nature and Original Enlightenment Were Interpreted by Shinran ** ''Seiji Kumagai''123 *5. The Basis for Buddhahood: The Naturally Luminous Mind and Buddha Nature in the Early Mahāmudrā Tradition ** ''Casey Kemp''139 *6. A Meditation-Oriented Approach to Buddha Nature as Seen by Early Kagyü Masters ** ''Martina Draszczyk''171 *7. Preliminary Notes on the Notion of Buddha Nature in the ''Single Intention'' ** ''Katrin Querl''193 *8. Jigten Sumgön's View of Buddha Nature and How Confusion Distinguishes a Sentient Being from a Buddha ** ''Khenpo Konchok Tamphel''219 *9. Images of Emptiness in a Prognostic Mirror: Tantric Zhentong Visions of Tathāgatagarbha in Early Jonang Kālacakra Yoga Manuals ** ''Michael R. Sheehy''229 *10. Shangton Sönam Drakpa's Defense of Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen's Ground Consciousness ** ''Klaus-Dieter Mathes''261 *11. Buddha Nature through the Eyes of Gorampa Sönam Sengé ** ''Khenpo Ngawang Jorden''291 *12. Buddha Nature and Selfhood: Critical Reflections by the Eighth Karmapa Mikyö Dorjé ** ''David Higgins''317 *13. The Role of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' in Tāranātha's ''Great Madhyamaka Vehicle'' ** ''Sina Joos''349 *14. Empty of True Existence, Yet Full of Qualities: Ngawang Tsoknyi Gyatso on Buddha Nature ** ''Filippo Brambilla''377 *15. Sentient Beings Within: Buddha Nature and the Great Perfection ** ''Douglas Duckworth''423 *16. The Impact of a Zhentong Interpretation of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine from the Point of View of a Western Buddhist Practitioner ** ''Shenpen Hookham''447 ** About the Authors469 ** Index475

Buddha Nature Reconsidered +

'''Volume One''' * Acknowledgements11 * Preface 13 ** Chapter 1: Introduction 27 ** Chapter 2: Doctrinal Background ** 1. Introductory remarks 57 ** 2. An outline of buddha nature [by Karma phrin las], translation 60 ** 3. Key points in Karma phrin las pa’s outline of buddha nature 72 ** 3.1. Tathāgatagarbha concepts in early Indian Buddhist sources 72 ** 3.2. Tathāgatagarbha concepts in Indo-Tibetan Mahāyāna sources73 ** 3.3. Rang byung rdo rje’s Karma bka’ brgyud position on buddha nature74 ** 4. Critical edition of Karma phrin las pa’s outline of buddha nature78 ** Chapter 3: The Eighth Karma pa’s Central Claims About Buddha Nature ** 1. Introductory remarks83 ** 2. Sixteen central claims regarding buddha nature85 ** 2.1. Buddha nature exists equally in everyone from ordinary beings to buddhas85 ** 2.2. Buddha nature discourses are of definitive meaning (nītārtha)95 ** 2.3. The “nature” (garbha) of a buddha is actual, not nominal 101 ** 2.4. The gotra is not metaphorical (upacāra), but attributions of cause and result are106 ** 2.5. Buddha nature is buddhahood obscured by defilements111 ** 2.6. The three phases of buddha nature indicate progressive degrees of disclosure116 ** 2.7. The classification of three vehicles has a hidden intent (ābhiprāyika); the one vehicle (ekayāna) doctrine is definitive (lākṣaṇika)120 ** 2.8. The unfolded gotra is the naturally present gotra awakened through virtue131 ** 2.9. Resultant buddha nature may be equated with dharmakāya136 ** 2.10. Buddha nature is not emptiness as a nonaffirming negation (med dgag)141 ** 2.11. Buddha nature is not a basis established (gzhi grub) by valid cognition151 ** 2.12. The identification of buddha nature and ālayavijñāna is provisional162 ** 2.13. Buddha nature is not a self (coarse or subtle) but is selflessness204 ** 2.14. Buddha nature is only fully revealed in Mantrayāna thought and praxis226 ** 2.15. Buddha nature is natural awareness (tha mal gyi shes pa)241 ** 2.16. Buddha nature consists in the unity of the two truths 257 ** 3. Conclusion276 '''Volume Two''' '''1.''' '''''The Lamp of Fine Discernment Regarding the Tradition of the Gzhan stong Madhyamaka Proponents''''' * 1.1. Introduction11 * 1.2. Annotated Translation: ''The Lamp of Fine Discernment Regarding the Tradition of the Gzhan stong Madhyamaka Proponents'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000006F-QINU`"'''Lamp'')15 * 1.3. Critical Edition: ''Dbu ma gzhan stong smra ba 'i srol legs par phye ba 'i sgron me zhes bya ba bzhugs so'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000070-QINU`"' LG)50 '''2.''' '''''The Nerve Tonic for the Elderly''''' * 2.1. Introduction73 * 2.2. Annotated Translation: ''The Nerve Tonic for the Elderly'', also known as ''The Sublime Fragrance of Nectar'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000071-QINU`"' ''Tonic'')76 * 2.3. Critical Edition: ''Rgan po'i rlung sman'', also known as ''Dpyad pa bdud dri mchog '' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000072-QINU`"' GL)137 '''3.''' '''''Buddha Nature and Dharmakāya''''' * 3.1. Introduction171 * 3.2. Annotated Translation: ''Buddha Nature and Dharmakāya: A Reply to Queries''172 * 3.3. Critical Edition: ''Bde gshegs snying po dang chos sku'i dris lan''174 '''4.''' '''''Buddha Nature and Emptiness Imbued with Compassion''''' * 4.1. Introduction177 * 4.2. Annotated Translation of an Excerpt from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Single Intent Commentary'' (''Intent'') on 'Jig rten gsum mgon's ''Single Intent'' (''Dgongs gcig'') Vajra Precepts 1.27–28178 * 4.3. Critical Edition: ''Dgongs gcig kar ṭīg'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000073-QINU`"' GC) excerpt188 '''5.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Substratum''''' * 5.1. Introduction197 * 5.2. Annotated Translation of an Excerpt from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Single Intent Commentary'' on 'Jig rten gsum mgon's ''Single Intent'' Vajra Precept 8.36197 * 5.3. Critical Edition: ''Dgongs gcig kar ṭīg'' excerpt230 '''6.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Two Truths''''' * 6.1. Introduction to Excerpts [A-B] from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Explanation of the Direct Introduction to the Three Embodiments'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000074-QINU`"' ''Embodiments'')255 * 6.2. Annotated Translation [A]: On the Unity of the Two Truths258 * 6.3. Critical Edition [A]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000075-QINU`"' KN) excerpt268 * 6.4. Annotated Translation [B]: On Buddha Nature in the Context of the Two Truths277 * 6.5. Critical Edition [B]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt287 '''7.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Tantric Causal Continuum''''' * 7.1. Introduction to Excerpts [A–D] from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Explanation of the Direct Introduction to the Three Embodiments''295 * 7.2. Annotated Translation [A]: On the Connection Between the Three Continua297 * 7.3. Critical Edition [A]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt305 * 7.4. Annotated Translation [B]: On the Refutation of Other Views of the Causal Continuum312 * 7.5. Critical Edition [B]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt328 * 7.6. Annotated Translation [C]: On the Presentation of Our Own System339 * 7.7. Critical Edition [C]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt345 * 7.8. Annotated Translation [D]: On the Purity of the Causal Continuum347 * 7.9. Critical Edition [D]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt351 '''8.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Tantric Path Continuum''''' * 8.1. Introduction to Excerpts [A–B] from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Explanation of the Direct Introduction to the Three Embodiments''355 * 8.2. Annotated Translation [A]: On Buddha Nature's Inherent Qualities357 * 8.3. Critical Edition [A]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt366 * 8.4. Annotated Translation [B]: On the Summary of the Creation and the Completion Stages371 * 8.5. Critical Edition [B]: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt377 '''9.''' '''''Buddha Nature and the Tantric Resultant Continuum''''' * 9.1. Introduction381 * 9.2. Annotated Translation: Excerpt on Buddha Nature, the Tantric Resultant Continuum from Mi bskyod rdo rje's ''Explanation of the Direct Introduction to the Three Embodiments''382 * 9.3. Critical Edition: ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' excerpt390 '''Bibliography''' * Abbreviations of Collections, Editions, and Institutes397 * Primary Sources: Indian Works397 * Primary Sources: Tibetan Works404 * Secondary Sources416 * Index433

Buddha Nature Sutras +

'''Table of Contents for the Nirvana Sutra''' * Chapter One: IntroductoryV1 * Chapter Two: On CundaV58 * Chapter Three: On GriefV93 * Chapter Four: On Long LifeV136 * Chapter Five: On the Adamantine BodyV179 * Chapter Six: On the Virtue of the NameV199 * Chapter Seven: On the Four AspectsV204 * Chapter Eight: On the Four DependablesV321 * Chapter Nine: On Wrong and RightV373 * Chapter Ten: On the Four TruthsV408 * Chapter Eleven: On the Four lnversionsV413 * Chapter Twelve: On the Nature of the TathāgataV417 * Chapter Thirteen: On LettersV465 * Chapter Fourteen: On the Parable of the BirdsV479 * Chapter Fifteen: On the Parable of the MoonV494 * Chapter Sixteen: On the BodhisattvaV505 * Chapter Seventeen: On the Questions Raised by the CrowdV559 '''Table of Contents for the Srimaladevi Sutra''' * Chapter 1: Praises of the unlimited merit of the World Honored OneV1 * Chapter 2: The ten inconceivable Bodhisattva vowsV8 * Chapter 3: The great aspiration that contains all aspirationsV21 * Chapter 4: The inconceivable acceptance of the Correct DharmaV23 * Chapter 5: The way to enter the EkayanaV52 * Chapter 6: The limitless Noble truthsV88 * Chapter 7: The TathagatagarbhaV91 * Chapter 8: The DharmakayaV96 * Chapter 9: The true understanding of the meaning of emptinessV97 * Chapter 10: The One TruthV99 * Chapter 11: The One Refuge is eternal and unchangingV100 * Chapter 12: The wrong viewsV100 * Chapter 13: The inherently pure mind that is obscured by defilementsV105 * Chapter 14: The True Sons and Daughters of the World Honored OneV111 * Chapter 15: Queen Srimala and her Lion's roarV113 '''Table of Contents for the Infinite Life Sutra''' * The Assembly of Shravakas and BodhisattvasV1 * The deeds and virtues of the BodhisattvasV4 * The Buddha's glorious ImageV20 * The prior fifty three BuddhasV27 * Dharmakara's hymns, praises, and vowsV28 * Dharmakara aspires to establish a Buddha landV40 * Dharmakara's forty eight vowsV49 * Dharmakara confirms his vows and resolutionV98 * Dharmakara's Bodhisattva practices and meritsV105 * Dharmakara becomes Amitabha BuddhaV112 * Description of Amitabha Buddha's Pure Land V114 * Amitabha's beautiful lightV118

Buddha Nature and Animality +

* Acknowledgementsv * Contributorsix *Introduction: ''Toward an Ecology of Compassion—Homo Specialis, Animality, and Buddha-Nature'' ** David Jones1 *''Buddha Animals'' ** Jason M. Wirth13 *''Jataka, Pancatantra, and the Rhetoric of Animalia in South Asia'' ** Thomas A. Forsthoefel23 *''Buddha-nature and Bodhicitta: Animals and Humans in Dramatic Ensembles Intent upon Enlightenment'' ** Peter D. Hershock41 *''Animal Forms and Formlessness: The Protean Quality of Buddha Nature in Chinese Martial Arts'' ** Harriette Grissom59 *''Does a Dog See Into its Buddha-Nature? Re-posing the Question of Animality/Humanity in Zen Buddhism'' ** Bret W. Davis83 *''Asking the Question: Do Animals Have Buddha-Nature'' ** Thomas Pynn127 *''Zen Eye Hunter, Zen Eye Hunted: Revealing the Animal Face of Buddha-Nature'' ** Brian Schroeder149 *''One Cell, Symbiosis, and the Buddha's Broken Karmic Wheel: A Legacy of an Ancient Bacterium'' ** Keiko Takioto Miller165 *''Animality and Desire in the Buddhist Monastic Code'' ** Jennifer L. Manlowe185 *''Animal Buddhas'' ** David Jones195 * Index205 +

Buddha Nature and Preliminary Prayers and Their Explanations +

*'''Chapter 1:''' * Buddha Nature1 *'''Chapter 2:''' *Preliminary Prayers & Their Explanations: * (1) Refuge Prayer27 * (2) Prayer to Develop Bodhicitta27 * (3) The Four Immeasurables Prayer56 * (4) The Seven-Limbs Prayer65 +

Buddha Nature: A Festschrift in Honor of Minoru Kiyota +

* Preface: The Making of a Modern Buddhologistv * Introduction1 * José Ignacio Cabezón ** "The Canonization of Philosophy and the Rhetoric of Siddhānta in Tibetan Buddhism"7 * Roger Gregory-Tashi Corless ** "Lying to Tell the Truth—Upāya in Mahāyāna Buddhism and Oikonomia in Alexandrian Christianity"27 * Paul J. Griffiths ** "Painting Space with Colors: Tathagātagarbha in the ''Mahāyānasūttrālaṅkāra''-Corpus IX.22-37"41 * William G. Grosnick ** "Buddha Nature as Myth"65 * Jamie Hubbard ** "Perfect Buddhahood, Absolute Delusion—The Universal Buddha of the San-chieh-chiao"75 * Roger R. Jackson ** "Luminous Mind. Among the Logicians—An Analysis of Pramāṇavārttika II.205-211"95 * John P. Keenan ** "The Doctrine of Buddha Nature In Chinese Buddhism—Hui-K'ai on Paramārtha"125 *Sallie B. King ** "Buddha Nature Thought and Mysticism"139 *Heng-ching Shih ** "T'ien-T'ai Chih-I's Theory of Buddha Nature—A Realistic and Humanistic Understanding of the Buddha"153 *Paul L Swanson ** "T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's Concept of Threefold Buddha Nature—A Synergy of Reality, Wisdom, and Practice"171 * Contributors183 * Index185 +

Buddha Nature: Ten Teachings on the Uttaratantra Shastra +

* Foreword7 * Introduction9 * The Buddha21 * The Dharma37 * The Sangha47 * Buddha Nature47 * Enlightenment91 * Qualities105 * Buddha Activity121 * Conclusion133 * Glossary137 +

Buddha Nature: The Mahayana Uttaratantra Shastra +

* Foreword by Tenzin Dorjee 8 * Preface by Rosemarie Fuchs 10 * Introduction by Acharya Lodrö Namgyal 12 * '''Part One: Root Text''' 17 * 1. Tathagatagarbha 19 ** Introduction 19 ** The First Three Vajra Points: The Three Jewels 20 *** Buddha 20 *** Dharma 20 *** Sangha 21 ** The Three Refuges 22 ** The Last Four Vajra Points 22 ** The Fourth Vajra Point: The Element 23 * 2. The Fifth Vajra Point: Enlightenment 43 * 3. The Sixth Vajra Point: Qualities 53 * 4. The Seventh Vajra Point: Activity 59 * 5. Benefit 73 * '''Part Two: Commentary, The Unassailable Lion’s Roar''' 79 * Table of Contents 81 * 1. Tathagatagarbha 97 ** Introduction 97 ** The First Three Vajra Points: The Three Jewels 101 *** The First Vajra Point: Buddha 101 *** The Second Vajra Point: Dharma 105 *** The Third Vajra Point: Sangha 108 ** The Three Refuges 112 ** The Last Four Vajra Points 114 ** The Fourth Vajra Point: The Element 117 * 2. The Fifth Vajra Point: Enlightenment 182 * 3. The Sixth Vajra Point: Qualities 218 * 4. The Seventh Vajra Point: Activity 238 * 5. Benefit 283 * '''Part Three: Explanations by Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche''' 299 * '''Part Four: Translator’s Notes''' 391

Buddha-Nature and Emptiness +

* PREFACE * Introduction i * PART I: Historical and Doctrinal Background 5 ** Chapter 1: The Authorship of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' and Its Transmission in India from the 5th to the 10th Century 17 ** Chapter 2: The Resurrection of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' in India in the Early 11th Century: Maitripa and Jñānasrimitra 43 ** Chapter 3: Ratnakarasanti’s Understanding of Buddha-nature 71 ** Chapter 4: The Transmission of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' in East India from the 11th to the 13th Century: From Prajñākaramati to Vibhūticandra 97 ** Chapter 5: The Kashmiri Tradition of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' Exegesis in the 11th and 12th Centuries: Sajjana and his Circle 135 ** Chapter 6: Six Tibetan Translations of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' 155 ** Conclusion 181 * PART II: rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab and His Doctrinal Position 189 ** Chapter 7: The Life and Works of rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab 191 ** Chapter 8: rNgog’s Doctrinal Positions in Relation to Sajjana’s and His Commentarial Style 211 ** Chapter 9: rNgog’s ''rGyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa'' as a Reflection of His Own Doctrinal Position 241 ** Conclusion 277 * PART III: rNgog’s Impact on Later Developments 283 ** Chapter 10: rNgog’s Impact on Doctrinal Developments from the 11th to the Early 14th Century 285 ** Chapter 11: rNgog’s Impact on Doctrinal Developments from the Late 14th to the 16th Century 345 ** Conclusion 379 * FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 383 ** Resituating rNgog’s Position in a Wider Context 385 * APPENDICES 393 ** Appendix A: A Topical Outline of the ''rGyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa'' 395 ** Appendix B: A List of Commentaries of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' 405 * ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES 415 * INDICES 461

Buddha-Nature and a Dialectic of Presence and Absence in the Works of Mi-pham +

* Abstracti * Acknowledgementsiii * Introduction1 ** Historical Context1 ** Monastic Colleges and Buddhist Education9 ** Epistemology and Negative Dialectics13 ** Buddha-Nature15 ** Summary of Contents18 ** Interpretive Context24 * Chapter 1: Buddha-Nature and the Unity of the Two Truths27 ** Introduction27 ** Mi-pham's Synthesis31 ** Two Truths35 ** Buddha-Nature as the Unity of Appearance and Emptiness45 ** Buddha-Nature as the Definitive Meaning56 ** Conclusion63 * Chapter 2: Yogācāra, Prāsaṅgika, and the Middle Way64 ** Introduction64 ** Middle Way and Mind-Only64 ** Foundations of Yogācāra67 ** Svātantrika-Prāsaṅgika73 ** Dialectical Ascent90 ** Conclusion99 * Chapter 3: The Present Absence101 ** Introduction101 ** Other-Emptiness in the Jo-nang102 ** Other-Emptiness and the Nying-ma: Lo-chen Dharma Śrī115 ** Another Emptiness? Emptiness of Self/Other122 ** Delineating Phenomena and Suchness125 ** Delineating Emptiness135 ** Emptiness as the Unity of Appearance and Emptiness141 ** Conclusion149 * Chapter 4: Buddha—Nature and the Indivisible Ground and Fruition151 ** Introduction151 ** Delineating the Views on Buddha-Nature151 ** Buddha-Nature as Heritage, Buddha-Nature as the Ground160 ** Delineating Appearance and Reality170 ** Establishing Buddha-Nature: The Immanent Buddha180 ** Establishing Appearances as Divine189 ** Buddha-Nature and a Difference Between Sūtra and Mantra200 ** Buddha-Nature as the Ground of the Great Perfection212 ** Conclusion214 * Concluding Remarks216 * Document 1221 ** Introduction221 * ''Lion's Roar: Exposition of Buddha-Nature''221 ** 1. Stating Other Traditions224 ** 2. Presenting Our Own Authentic Tradition228 *** 1. The Meaning of the First Verse “Because the body of the perfect Buddha is radiant”228 *** 2. The Meaning of the Second Verse “Because suchness is indivisible”235 *** 3. The Meaning of the Third Verse “Because of possessing heritage”239 ** 1. Refuting the View that (the Basic Element) is Truly Established and Not Empty245 ** 2. Refuting the View that (the Basic Element) is a Void Emptiness247 ** 3. Refuting the Apprehension of (the Basic Element) as Impermanent and Conditioned248 * Document 2261 ** Introduction261 * ''Notes on the Essential Points of (Mi-pham's) Exposition (of Buddha-Nature)''261 * Document 3272 ** Introduction272 * Excerpt from ''Roar of the Fearless Lion'' (48.2-97.4)272 ** 1. The Subject of the Extensive Discussion Here, an Explanation of the Progression of Profound Points of the Ground, Path, and Fruition of the Sūtra Perfection Vehicle273 ** 1. The Manner of the Teaching of the Profound Abiding Reality of the Definitive Meaning of the Perfection Vehicle274 ** 1. The Progression of the Wheels of Doctrine which are the Means of Teaching the Definitive Meaning of the Abiding Reality274 *** 1. The Wheels of Doctrine Indicated in the ''Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra''274 **** 1. Presenting Scripture274 **** 2. Establishing the Reason for That Being the Way It Is279 *** 2. The Wheels of Doctrine Indicated in the ''Dhāraṇīśvararājaparipṛcchā''289 **** 1. Presenting Scripture289 **** 2. Establishing (the Reason for That Being) the Way It Is293 *** 3. In Accord with That, the Way They are Indicated in the ''Nirvāṇa'' (''sūtra'') and so forth296 **** 1. Presenting Scripture296 ***** 1. Presenting Scripture from the ''Nirvāṇasūtra''296 ***** 2. Presenting Scripture from the ''Aṅgulimālīyasūtra''298 **** 2. Establishing through Reasoning That Being the Way It Is300 **** 3. An Appended Identification of the Scriptural Collections of Definitive Meaning306 ** 2. The Way that These Commentaries on Buddha’s Viewpoint are Supreme307 * Bibliography313 ** Tibetan Sources313 ** Non-Tibetan Sources318

Buddha-Nature: Mahayana-Uttaratantra-Shastra (Khyentse Commentary) +

* Introduction and Preliminaries 1 ** 2003 Teachings: Day 1 – Introduction 1 ** Day 2 – Introduction 8 * The First Vajra Point: Buddha 13 * The Second Vajra Point: Dharma 20 * The Third Vajra Point: Sangha 24 ** Day 3 – Introduction 26 ** The Three Refuges 29 * The Last Four Vajra Points 33 ** The Four Paradoxes 34 * The Fourth Vajra Point: The Element 37 ** Day 4 – Introduction 38 ** The Ten Aspects (of Buddha-nature) 40 *** #1: Essence 41 *** #2: Cause 42 **** The four obscurations that wrap the kham 43 *** #3: Result 44 *** #4: Action/Function 48 *** #5: Container/Endowment 49 *** #6: Entry 50 *** #7: Occasions 51 *** #8: All-pervasive 52 *** #9: Unchanging 53 **** Day 5 – Introduction 61 **** The example of the lotus growing in the water 63 *** #10: Inseparable 70 **** The example of the sun and its rays 70 **** The example of the painters 73 **** Day 6 – Introduction 76 ** The Nine Examples (of essence and defilements) 78 *** Example #1: The Buddha and the Lotus 79 *** Example #2: The Honey and the Bees 81 *** Example #3: The Grain and the Husk 82 *** Example #4: The Gold and the Filth 83 **** Day 7 – Introduction 88 *** Example #5: The Treasure and the Earth 90 *** Example #6: The Shoot and the Fruit-skin 92 *** Example #7: The Statue and the Tattered Rag 93 *** Example #8: The Chakravartin and the Woman 95 *** Example #9: The Golden Image and the Clay Mould 96 **** Day 8 – Introduction 99 **** Day 9 – Introduction 113 * The Fifth Vajra Point – Enlightenment 127 ** 2004 Teachings: Day 1 – Introduction 133 ** Day 2 – Introduction 150 ** Day 3 – Introduction 169 * The Sixth Vajra Point: Qualities 180 ** The Ten Powers 182 ** The Four Fearlessnesses 186 *** Day 4 – Introduction 188 ** The Eighteen Distinctive Qualities 190 ** The Fruit of Maturation (the 32 Major Marks) 193 *** How the examples and the qualities complement each other 199 * The Seventh Vajra Point: Activity 206 ** Day 5 – Introduction 206 ** The Nine Examples for the Buddha’s Activity 216 *** Example #1: Indra’s Reflection On The Lapis Lazuli Floor 217 **** Day 6 – Introduction 219 *** Example #2: The Heavenly Drum 225 *** Example #3: The Cloud 232 **** Day 7 – Introduction 236 *** Example #4: Brahma 239 *** Example #5: The Sun 242 *** Example #6: The Wishfulfilling Jewel 247 **** Day 8 – Introduction 249 *** Example #7: The Echo 250 *** Example #8: The Sky/Space 251 *** Example #9: The Earth 252 **** Day 9 – Introduction 261 **** Day 10 – Introduction 276 * Questions & Answers 287 ** The Fourth Vajra Point: The Element 287 *** Do animals have Buddha-nature? 287 *** Do plants and stones have Buddha-nature? 287 *** Kham and Buddha-nature 293 *** Kham and the gross & subtle elements 295 *** Buddha-nature, mind & wisdom 297 ** The Fifth Vajra Point: Enlightenment 299 *** Is Buddha-nature permanent? 299 *** Is Buddha-nature uncompounded? 302 ** The Sixth Vajra Point: Qualities 306 *** The 32 major marks 306 *** The activity of the nirmanakaya 313 ** The Seventh Vajra Point: Activity 315 *** The reflection in the lapis lazuli floor 315 *** Effortlessness 320 ** View and Path 322 *** Blessings & genuine heart of sadness 322 *** How does prayer work? 324 *** Uttaratantra and the Vajrayana 325 *** Why does the path have two accumulations? 327 *** Defilements, emotions & the origin of suffering 328 *** Are there other sentient beings? 337 *** Study & Practice 338 *** Buddha-nature & atman in Hinduism 347 *** Practice and the Four Seals 350 * Tibetan Words & Phrases 351 * Index 367

Buddha-Nature: The Mahayana Uttara Tantra Shastra: Maitreya's Root Text and Asanga's Commentary +

* '''INTRODUCTION TO THE USAT STUDY PROGRAM AND THE BUDDHA-NATURE TEACHINGS:''''''III''' * '''CLASS 1. [MUTS01/00:00]''''''1''' *** (#1)1 ** VERSE 1: THE CONTENTS OF THE WORK9 ** VERSE 2: THE SEVEN SUBJECTS ACCORDING TO THE ''DHARANISVARA-RAJA-PARIPRCCHA''10 * '''CLASS 2: [MUTS01/41:20]''''''11''' ** VERSE 3: THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE SEVEN SUBJECTS11 *** (#2)12 ** THE JEWEL OF THE BUDDHA17 ** VERSE 417 ** VERSE 517 ** VERSE 617 ** VERSE 717 ** VERSE 817 *** (#3)24 * '''CLASS 3 [MUTS03/0:00''']'''25''' * '''CLASS 4: [MUTS03/41:50]''''''39''' *** (#4)39 * '''CLASS 5. [MUTS04/34:55]''''''51''' ** THE JEWEL OF THE DOCTRINE51 ** VERSE 951 *** (#5)53 ** VERSE 1055 * '''CLASS 6. [MUTS05/24:50]''''''59''' *** (#6)64 * '''CLASS 6 OPTIONAL: MAHAYANA PRECEPTS [MUTS06/08:00]''''''67''' * '''CLASS 6 OPTIONAL: MINDFULNESS OF BREATHING MEDITATION [MUTS06/37:00 TO 38:45]''''''72''' * '''CLASS 7. [MUTS06/38:53]''''''73''' ** VERSE 1173 ** VERSE 1274 *** (#7)74 ** VERSE 1375 ** THE JEWEL OF THE CONGREGATION:75 ** VERSE 1479 ** VERSE 15. THE SAINT’S KNOWLEDGE OF THE ABSOLUTE TRUTH80 ** VERSE 16. THE EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE SAINTS81 * '''CLASS 8. [MUTS07/28:25]''''''83''' *** (#8)87 ** VERSE 17. THE PERCEPTION OF THE SAINTS IS INTROSPECTIVE KNOWLEDGE88 ** VERSE 1889 * '''CLASS 9. [MUTS08/25:30]''''''95''' ** VERSE 1995 ** THE DOCTRINE AND THE CONGREGATION ARE NOT REFUGES IN THE ULTIMATE SENSE97 ** VERSE 2097 *** (#9)102 * '''CLASS 10. [MUTS09/13:30]''''''107''' ** THE BUDDHA IS THE UNIQUE ABSOLUTE REFUGE:109 ** VERSE 21109 ** THE MEANING OF "THE 3 JEWELS":110 ** VERSE 22110 *** (#10)113 * '''CLASS 11. [MUTS10/22:10]''''''121''' ** PART 2: THE BASIS FOR THIS ACHIEVEMENT121 ** GENERAL COMMENT ON THE LAST 4 VAJRA TOPICS121 ** (1) THE POTENTIAL [ED. OBERMILLER USES "GERM", BUT RINPOCHE USES POTENTIAL], (2) ENLIGHTENMENT, (3) THE ATTRIBUTES, AND (4) THE ACTS OF THE BUDDHA, IN THEIR INCONCEIVABLE NATURE:121 ** VERSE 23121 *** (#11)128 * '''CLASS 12. [MUTS11/18:45]''''''135''' ** VERSE 24135 ** VERSE 25135 ** (#12)143 ** THE POTENTIAL AND THE 3 OTHER SUBJECTS AS THE CAUSE AND CONDITIONS OF BUDDHAHOOD147 ** VERSE 26147 * '''CLASS 13. [MUTS12/15:55]''''''149''' ** THE 4TH VAJRA TOPIC: THE BUDDHA-NATURE:149 ** THE POTENTIAL OF THE ABSOLUTE:149 ** VERSE 27149 ** VERSE 28153 ** ANALYSIS OF THE (POTENTIAL, ESSENCE) FROM 10 POINTS OF VIEW:154 ** SUMMARY:154 ** VERSE 29154 ** THE ESSENCE OF THE SEED (1) AND THE CAUSES OF ITS PURIFICATION (2)156 ** VERSE 30156 ** VERSE 31158 * '''APPENDIX A: MAHAYANA FAST DAY VOWS''''''159''' * '''INDEX''''''163''' * '''GLOSSARY''''''166'''

Buddha-Nature: Through the Eyes of Go rams pa Bsod nams seng ge in Fifteenth-Century Tibet +

* ABSTRACTiii * ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSviii * INTRODUCTION1 ** General Introduction1 *** Past Scholarship and Dissertation Focus4 *** Research Strategy and Methodology8 *** Introduction to the ''Sdom Gsum Kha Skong''10 **** The Topical Outline of the First Chapter of the ''Sdom Gsum Kha Skong''13 * CHAPTER I - BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SA SKYA SCHOOL20 ** 'Khon Family Lineage20 *** Sa chen Kun-dga’ snying-po22 *** Slob-dpon Rin-po-che Bsod nams rtse mo24 *** Rje btsun Rin po che Grags pa rgyal mtshan25 *** Sa skya Pandita Kun dga' rgyal mtshan26 *** 'Gro mgon Chos rgyal 'Phags pa30 *** Ngor E wam Chos Idan and Ngor chen Kun dga' bzang po33 *** Nalendra and Rong ston Shes bya kun rig34 *** The Tshar pa and Tshar chen Blo gsal rgya mtsho35 ** Other Important Monasteries37 ** Sa Skya College in India39 * CHAPTER II - BIOGRAPHY OF GO RAMS PA42 ** Accounts of Go rams pa's Life42 *** Go rams pa's Birth43 *** Entering into the Religious Life and Early Studies44 *** Youthful Travels and Studies in Central Tibet45 *** Higher Studies with Many Great Masters46 *** Receiving Ordination of a Full Monk (Bhiksu)50 *** Persuaded from Returning Home50 *** Propagating the Teachings of Buddha52 *** Establishment of a Monastic College57 *** His Death and Relics59 *** His Disciples64 * CHAPTER III - GO RAMS PA'S OBJECTS OF REFUTATION66 * PART I66 *** Identification of the Objects of Refutations69 *** Rgyal tshab and His Followers69 *** Claimed Followers of Rong ston73 *** Bus ton, Shākya Mchog Idan and Their Followers74 *** Mang thos's Interpretation of Go rams pa's Thought80 *** Go rams pa's own Interpretation82 *** Hypothetical Questions83 *** Mang thos's Understanding of Go rams pa's Intention84 *** The Two Purities are Mutually Exclusive85 * CHAPTER IV - GO RAMS PA'S REFUTATION OF JO NANG PA ON BUDDHA-NATURE89 * PART II89 ** Refutation of Truly Existing Buddha-nature89 ** History of the Jo nang pa Tradition90 ** A Summary of Jo nang pa's Gzhan stong Theory93 ** Positioning Jo nang pa School95 ** Distinction between Rang stong and Gzhan stong102 ** Meaning of the Non-differentiation of the Basis and the Result103 ** Claiming their Assertion to be in accord with Sūtras and Śāstras103 ** Classification of Real and Imputation110 *** Demonstrating the Classification of Real and Imputation with Examples110 *** Claiming All Three Tantras to be Valid111 ** Refutation of ways in which they accept the result116 ** Refutation of the Ontology: Contradiction with Definitive Treatises118 ** Contradiction with the logical reasons which refutes Realists118 ** Contradiction with the Sequence of the Turning the Wheel of Dharma120 ** Contradiction to the Intent of Sūtra, Tantra and Śāstra122 ** Illustrating the Reasons of Investigation without Bias123 ** Essence of the Important Points in Brief124 * CONCLUSION125 ** Ascertainment with evidence128 * APPENDICES130 ** Appendix A: The text of ''sdom gsum kha skong'''s first chapter on basis (''gzhi'') and its translation130 ** Note on the Versification130 ** The Text and Translation130 ** Appendix B: Go rams pa's writings181 ** Volume I182 ** Volume II187 ** Volume III188 ** Volume IV189 ** Volume V194 ** List of his works arranged by subjects198 *** On the Hevajra Tantra:198 *** On the Cakrasamvara Tantra:200 *** On the Guhyasamāja Tantra:200 *** On the Vajrabhairava Teaching:201 *** On the Yoga Tantra:201 *** On the Prajñāpāramitā:201 *** On the Ratnagotravibhāga of Maitreya:201 *** On the Logic and Epistemology (''Pramāṇa''):202 *** On the Madhyamaka Philosophy:202 *** On the Three Sets of Vows:202 *** On the Yoga Tantra:203 ** Various Praises, Prayers and Answers to some Questions203 * BIBLIOGRAPHY208 ** Primary Sources and Translations; Sūtras and Tantras208 ** Commentaries and Philosophical Treatises209 ** Primary Sources of Works by Tibetans212 ** Secondary Sources215

Buddhahood Without Meditation +

* List of Illustrationsviii * Introduction by Chagdud Tulkuix * Translator’s Notexxi * Buddhahood Without Meditation: Tibetan text and translation1 * Afterword by His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche179 * Structural Analysis and Outline by His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche183 * Glossary223 +

Buddhism's Journey to Tibet +

* Foreword by Yangsi Kalu Rinpochéxi * Translator's Introduction1 ** An Overview of ''The Treasury of Knowledge''4 ** Jamgön Kongtrul and the Purpose of ''The Treasury of Knowledge''9 ** Kalu Rinpoché and the Purpose of the Translation of ''The Treasury of Knowledge''18 ** Paying for the Translation of ''The Treasury of Knowledge''26 ** ''The Treasury'' in Translation33 ** Translating and Reading ''Buddhism's Journey to Tibet''35 ** Acknowledgments38 * Book Two: The Light of the World41 ** 1: Our Teacher's Path to Awakening43 ** 2: The Buddha's Enlightenment61 ** 3: The Buddha's Twelve Deeds75 ** 4: Enlightenment's Bodies and Pure Realms93 * Book Three: What the Buddha Taught113 ** 1: What Are the Sacred Teachings?115 ** 2: Cycles of Scriptural Transmission145 ** 3: Compilations of the Buddha's Word167 ** 4: The Origins of the Early Translations' Ancient Tradition183 * Book Four: Buddhism Resplendent in the World197 ** 1: Buddhism in the Land of Exalted Beings199 ** 2: How Buddhist Monastic Discipline and Scriptural Transmissions Came to Tibet235 ** 3: The History of Lineages of Meditation Practice in Tibet, the Eight Major Chariots321 ** 4: A History of Buddhist Culture377 * Appendix 1: The Root Text of Books Two, Three, and Four437 * Appendix 2: The Outline of Books Two, Three, and Four479 * Translator's Postscript: Reflections on Each Chapter491 ** ''Myriad Worlds'' Revisited491 ** Book Two: The Light of the World495 *** 1: Our Teacher's Path to Awakening495 *** 2: The Buddha's Enlightenment500 *** 3: The Buddha's Twelve Deeds509 *** 4: Enlightenment's Bodies and Pure Realms513 ** Book Three: What the Buddha Taught519 *** 1: What Are the Sacred Teachings?519 *** 2: Cycles of Scriptural Transmission528 *** 3: Compilations of the Buddha's Word536 *** 4: The Origins of the Early Translations' Ancient Tradition538 ** Book Four: Buddhism Resplendent in the World546 *** 1: Buddhism in the Land of Exalted Beings546 *** 2: How Buddhist Monastic Discipline and Scriptural Transmissions Came to Tibet551 *** 3: The History of Lineages of Meditation Practice in Tibet, the Eight Major Chariots577 *** 4: A History of Buddhist Culture597 * Bibliography605 * List of Names609 * List of Names of Nonhuman Beings633 * List of Place Names639 * List of Texts Cited645 * Subject Index663

Buddhist Cosmic Unity +

* Foreword vii * Preface ix * Introduction 3 ** Textual History 3 ** Doctrine 14 * Edition and Translation 55 * Appendices 135 ** 1: Is the Mind Originally Pure or is it Luminous? 135 ** 2: On amuktajña 141 ** 3: *Sāramati 149 ** 4: Reading Text and Translation 159 ** 5: A Hypothetical Reconstruction of an Indic Form of the AAN 181 ** 6: Citations of the AAN 191 * Literature 219 * Indices 241 +

Buddhist Faith and Sudden Enlightenment +

* Preface''vii'' * Introduction''1'' <center>PART ONE: FAITH</center> * 1. The Primacy of Faith in Buddhism11 * 2. Patriarchal Faith and Doctrinal Faith19 * 3. Buddha-nature and Patriarchal Faith25 * 4. Essence-Function versus Subject-Object Constructions35 * 5. Nonbacksliding Faith and Backsliding Faith43 * 6. The Two Truths and Skill-in-Means49 <center>PART TWO: PRACTICE</center> * 7. The Unity of Faith and Enlightenment in Practice55 * 8. Bodhidharma's Wall Meditation59 * 9. Questioning Meditation and the Dynamics of Faith66 * 10.Practice in the Treatise on Awakening Mahayana Faith78 * 11. Faith and Practice in Pure Land Buddhism90 * 12. Faith as the Practice of Compassion96 <center>PART THREE: ENLIGHTENMENT</center> * 13. Sudden Enlightenment and Gradual Practice105 * 14. Faith and Enlightenment in the Hua-yen Sutra110 * 15. Kkaech'im: The Experience of Brokenness123 * 16. Revolution of the Basis126 * 17. The Three Gates133 * Conclusion137 * Abbreviations145 * Notes147 * Glossary of Chinese Characters159 * Bibliography169 * Index205 +

Buddhist Philosophy and Meditation Practice +

*'''Preface''' *'''Table of Contents''' *'''Introduction''' *'''Buddhist Philosophy and Meditation Practice''' * 1. ''Jason Siff'': Language and Meditation3 * 2. ''Jongmyung Kim'': Thought and Praxis in Contemporary Korean Buddhism: A Critical Examination14 * 3. ''Ven. Jinwol Lee'': Ganhwaseon (看話禪) in Korea: From a Seon Practitioner’s Perspective28 * 4. ''Prof. Robert E. Buswell, Jr'': The Transformation of Doubt (Ǔijǒng 疑情) in Kanhwa Sǒn 看話禪: The Testimony of Gaofeng Yuanmiao 高峰原妙 (1238-1295)34 * 5. ''Tadeusz Skorupski'': Consciousness and Luminosity in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism]43 * 6. ''James Blumenthal'': Śamatha and its Relation to the Mundane and Supra-mundane Paths According to Geluk Traditions of Tibetan Buddhism65 * 7. ''Kyaw, Pyi Phyo'': The Paṭṭhāna (Conditional Relations) and Buddhist Meditation Application of the Teachings in the Paṭṭhāna in Insight (Vipassanā) Meditation Practice72 * 8. ''Lei Xiaoli (Ph.D Candidate)'': A Study on the Development of Meditation in Theravada Buddhism and Chinese Buddhism88 * 9. ''Kanae Kawamoto'': Pragmatic Benefits and Concentration through Ānāpānasati Meditation98 * 10. ''Dr. H. M. Mahinda Herath'': Theravada Philosophical Exposition of the Supramundane (Lokuttara) State104 * 11. ''Thomas A C Weiser'': Three Practices of the Four Foundations of Mindfulness: An Investigation in Comparative Soteriology111 * 12. ''Professor Angraj Chaudhary'': The Philosophy of Suffering and the Practice of Vipassana128 * 13. ''Joel Walmsley & Ira Greenberg'': Mind, Death and Supervenience: Towards a Comparative Dialogue134 * 14. ''Jeff Waistell'': Mindfulness Meditation and Praxis149 * 15. ''Charles Pyle'': A Strategic Perspective on Buddhist Meditation158 * 16. ''Jim Rheingans'': Communicating the Innate: Observations on Teacher-Student Interaction in the Tibetan Mahāmudrā Instructions177 * 17. ''Sumi Lee'': Searching for a Possibility of Buddhist Hermeneutics: Two Exegetic Strategies in Buddhist Tradition202 * 18. ''Khristos Nizamis'': The Mind’s 'I' in Meditation : Early Pāli Buddhadhamma: and Transcendental Phenomenology in Mutual Reflection212 * 19. ''Apisin Sivayathorn & Apichai Puntasen'': Is It True That Buddhism is Mind-Based Science?239 * 20. ''Karin Meyers'': The Pleasant Way: The Dhyāna-s, Insight and the Path according to the Abhidharmakośa259 * 21. ''Thanaphon Cheungsirakulvit'': Buddhadāsa's Poetry: the Object of Contemplation on Emptiness278 * 22. ''Prof. Yasanjali Devika Jayatilleke'': An Anthropological Study on the Rituals Pertaining to Life Crises Events among Sri Lankan Buddhists314 * 23. ''Dr. Mark Owen'': The Philosophical Foundations of the Tibetan Buddhist Practice of Bodily Preservation324 * 24. ''Bethany Lowe'': Dangerous Dharma, Death, and Depression: The Importance of 'Right View' for Practicing Contemplation within a Western Buddhist Tradition343 * 25. ''Venerable Bhikkhuni Anula Devi'': The Practical approach to the Enlightenment through the Buddhist Meditation362 * 26. ''Dr. Wangchuk Dorjee Negi'': Buddhist Meditation Practices370 * 27. ''Dr Sarah Shaw'' : Breathing Mindfulness: Text and Practice378 * 28. ''Nuengfa Nawaboonniyom & Apichai Puntasen'': The Training of Satipaṭṭhāna related to 15 Caraṇas and 8 Vijjās391 * 29. ''Giuliana Martini'': Transcending the Limiting Power of Karma The Early Buddhist Appamāṇas413 * 30. ''Ven. Dr. Yuanci'': A Study of the Meditation Methods in the DESM and Other Early Chinese Texts438 * 31. ''Assoc. Prof. Dr. Uma Shankar'': The Philosophical Perspectives in the Meditational practices of Tantric Buddhism466

Buddhist Texts Through the Ages +

<center>''Introduction''</center> <center>''First Part''</center> <center>THE TEACHING OF THE ELDERS</center> <center>''By I. B. Horner''</center> * THE SAMGHA17 <center>THE ORDER OF MONKS AND NUNS</center> <center>''Conversion of Anathapindika'' 17</center> <center>''Conversion of General Siha'' 20</center> <center>''Ordination of Pajapati the Great'' 23</center> <center>''Visakha, the Laywoman Supporter'' 26</center> <center>''Schism'' 28</center> <center>SKILL IN MEANS 33</center> <center>ARAHANTS 42</center> <center>THE BUDDHIST APOCALYPSE 45</center> * THE DHAMMA51 <center>THE FIVE FACULTIES</center> <center>''The Five Faculties collectively'' 51</center> <center>''The Five Faculties separately'' 52</center> <center>''Faith'' 52</center> <center>''Vigour'' 54</center> <center>''Mindfulness'' 56</center> <center>''Concentration'' 60</center> <center>''Wisdom'' 64</center> <center>CONDITIONED GENESIS</center> <center>''Conditioned Genesis collectively'' 65</center> <center>''Cond:tioned Genesis separately'' 70</center> <center>''Ignorance'' 70</center> <center>''Consciousness'' 70</center> <center>''Feelng'' 72</center> <center>''Craving'' 73</center> <center>''Grasping'' 74</center> <center>''Birth, Ageing and Dying'' 76</center> <center>THE OBJECT OF WISDOM</center> <center>''Crossing Over'' 82</center> <center>''Emptiness'' 90</center> <center>''Nirvana'' 92</center> * THE BUDDHA AND TATHAGATA103 <center>''Second Part''</center> <center>THE MAHAYANA</center> <center>''By Edward Conze''</center> * BASIC NOTIONS119 <center>CRITICISM OF THE HINAYANA POSITION</center> <center>''Bodhisattvas and Disciples'' 119</center> <center>''The Conversion of Sariputra'' 120</center> <center>''The two Nirvanas'' 124</center> <center>THE BODHISATTVA</center> <center>''Descriptions'' 127</center> <center>''His Infinite Compassion'' 131</center> <center>''The Dedication of Merit'' 132</center> <center>THE SIX PERFECTIONS</center> <center>''Definition'' 135</center> <center>''The six Perfections and the Body'' 136</center> <center>''The Perfection of Giving'' 136</center> <center>''The Perfection of Patience'' 137</center> <center>''The Perfection of Meditation'' 138</center> <center>THE BUDDHA</center> <center>''The Tathagata as a Rain-cloud'' 139</center> <center>''The real Buddha'' 140</center> <center>''The Tathagatas' Coming and Going'' 143</center> <center>''The Dharma-body'' 143</center> <center>''Tathagata and Suchness'' 144</center> <center>''The 18 special dharmas of a Buddha'' 145</center> * NEW WISDOM SCHOOL146 <center>THE PERFECTION OF WISDOM 146</center> <center>THE ELUSIVENESS OF PERFECT WISDOM 149</center> <center>THE DOCTRINE OF PERFECT WISDOM 152</center> <center>EMPTINESS</center> <center>''Preliminary Meditations'' 158</center> <center>''Definitions and Synonyms of Emptiness'' 163</center> <center>''Negations'' 172</center> <center>''Contradictions'' 175</center> <center>''Unreality of the World'' 177</center> <center>''Emptiness and Salvation'' 179</center> <center>''The Germ of Buddhahood in all Beings'' 181</center> * THE BUDDHISM OF FAITH185 <center>FAITH 185</center> <center>THE ACTS AND REWARDS OF DEVOTION 186</center> <center>THE OBJECTS OF DEVOTION</center> <center>''The Buddha'' 190</center> <center>''Avalokitesvara'' 194</center> <center>''Tara'' 196</center> <center>THE PURE LAND 202</center> * YOGACARINS207 <center>MIND ONLY 207</center> <center>TWOFOLD EGOLESSNESS 211</center> <center>IRREALITY OF THE WORLD 212</center> <center>THE BUDDHA AS THE BASIS OF ALL 216</center> <center>''Third Part''</center> <center>THE TANTRAS</center> <center>''By David Snellgrove''</center> <center>''The Cleansing of Thought'' 221</center> <center>''Supreme Enlightenment'' 221</center> <center>''Saraha's Treasury of Songs'' 224</center> <center>''Anangavajra, The Attainment of the Realization of Wisdom and Means'' 240</center> <center>''Note on the Mandala'' 246</center> <center>''Advayavajra, The fivefold Manifestation'' 249</center> <center>''An Evocation of Prajnaparamita'' 252</center> <center>''The Mandala conceived within'' 254</center> <center>''The Story of Tanti'' 255</center> <center>''Mila Repa and the Novices'' 257</center> <center>''Fourth Part''</center> <center>TEXTS FROM CHINA AND JAPAN</center> <center>By Arthur Waley</center> <center>Introduction</center> * TEXTS ORIGINATING IN INDIA274 <center>''The Parable of Me and Mine'' 274</center> <center>''On the Curing of Illness contracted during Dhyana Practice'' 274</center> <center>''Meditation upon the Element Water'' 275</center> <center>''Judging the Character of a Dhyana Pupil'' 276</center> <center>''The Bracelets'' 278</center> <center>''All Words are true'' 278</center> <center>''Buddha's Doctrine'' 279</center> <center>''The Negation of Dhyana'' 280</center> <center>''Po Chu-i. Poem On Reading the Dhyana Sutra'' 281</center> <center>''Nationality'' 282</center> <center>''The Intermediate State'' 283</center> <center>''Devas repeople the Earth'' 283</center> <center>''Buddha's Pity'' 285</center> * TEXTS ORIGINATING IN CHINA AND JAPAN287 <center>''A Hinayana Sect in early China'' 287</center> <center>''The Truly So'' 290</center> <center>''From the Lives of the Nuns'' 291</center> <center>''On Trust in the Heart'' 295</center> <center>From the Conversations of Shen-hui 299</center> <center>''A nice Mountain'' 302</center> <center>''Rain-making'' 302</center> * BIBLIOGRAPHY307 * SOURCES311 * GLOSSARY313 * ABBREVIATIONS323

C

Carefree Dignity +

* ''Dedication''7 * ''Foreword''9 * Open and Free13 * Ground22 * View35 * Beginning Meditation53 * Transcending Shamatha64 * Not Meditating, Not Being Distracted88 * Guided Meditation102 * Losing It108 * Vajrasattva Meditation126 * Development and Completion Unified140 * Compassion148 * Carefree161 * Progressive Path167 * Bardo186 * Fruition201 * Confidence213 * Dignity230 * ''Afterword''235 +

Cataphatic Emptiness: rGyal-tshab on the Buddha-essence Theory of Asaṅga's Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā +

* List of Tablesv * AcknowledgmentsvI * Technical Notesvii Part 1: The Prāsaṅgika-Mādhyamika Interpretation of the Buddha-essence Theory * Introduction2 * Chapter 1: Historical and Doctrinal Background17 ** 1. rGyal-tshab's Life and Works17 ** 2. The social-political background26 ** 3. The doctrinal background29 ** 4. The Structure and Contents of the ''rGyud bla ṭīkā''33 * Chapter 2: Doctrinal Classification of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''37 ** 1. Asaṅga and the Five Treatises of Maitreya38 ** 2. The subtle emptiness according to the RGV41 *** The truth-habit as the cause of saṃsāra41 *** The truth-habit as the addictive obscuration43 *** Śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas' realization of objective selflessness44 *** Refuting the Vijñānavādin standpoint concerning emptiness47 ** 3. The Three Stages of Teaching according to the DIR49 *** Establishing the unique vehicle49 *** As the distinctive presentation of the Prāsaṅgika-Mādhyamika viewpoint54 ** 4. The ''Prajñāpāramitā-sūtra'' and the TGS56 ** 5. The TGS as Being Definitive62 * Chapter 3: Critiques of Absolutism, Skepticism, and Quietism69 ** 1. Critique of Dol-po-pa's "Great Madhyamaka"70 *** Refuting Dol-po-pa's classification of the TGS71 *** Refuting Buddha-essence as a permanent entity72 *** Refuting Buddha-essence as being endowed with twofold purities77 ** 2. Critique of the Mainstream Positions81 *** 'Gos-lo's position on Buddha-essence84 *** dGe-lugs-pa scholars' responses89 ** 3. A Comparison with Critiques of "Original-enlightenment" theory in Modern Chinese Buddhism94 *** A comparison of interpretations between 'Gos-lo and Zongmi96 *** Modern Chinese Critiques of "Original-enlightenment"99 * Chapter 4: Analysis of the Title and Textural Structure110 ** 1. The Title "''Mahāyānottaratantra''" and Its Implication110 ** 2. The Seven Vajra-Like Bases114 *** Two aspects114 *** rGyal-tshab's revision of rNgog-lo's "two wheels" theory 116 *** The first three bases as ultimate fruition118 *** The last four bases as cause and conditions119 ** 3. The Term "Ratnagotra" and the Textual Structure of RGV121 ** 4. rGyal-tshab on the Fourfold ''Ratnagotra'' as Cause and Conditions124 *** The Element as a cause according to RGV I.16124 *** The last three bases as conditions127 ** 5. On RGV 1.3129 ** 6. Conclusion132 * Chapter 5: Reality, Element, and Natural Luminosity of the Mind134 ** 1. The Buddha-essence and Its Various Names134 ** 2. Reality136 *** As immutable ultimate reality136 *** The tainted reality138 ** 3. ''Dharmatā''140 ** 4. Natural Luminosity of the Mind142 *** Origin in Canonical sources142 *** rGyal-tshab's Exegesis on the Passages from the SMS and the DIR144 *** On the Passage from the GGS147 ** 5. The Element150 *** According to the AAN150 *** According to the MAS154 ** 6. The Buddha-essence and the Madhyamaka Philosophy156 *** The Equation of the Buddha-essence with emptiness156 *** Realizing the Buddha-essence as the Middle Way159 ** 7. Conclusion163 * Chapter 6: Buddha-essence and Its Ten Aspects164 ** 1. The Tripartite Buddha-essence164 *** The diffusion of the truth body166 *** The indivisible reality and generic potentials168 ** 2. The Ten Points170 *** Nature171 *** Causes173 *** Fruition178 *** Actions187 *** Possession192 *** Engagement194 *** States196 *** All-pervadingness198 *** Unchangeability200 *** Indivisible excellences205 * Chapter 7: The Eighteen Similes in the ''Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra''209 ** 1. rGyal-tshab's General Discussion209 ** 2. The Nine Smiles for the Obscuring Defilements215 *** The lotus simile for latent state of attachment215 *** The bees simile for latent state of hatred216 *** The husks simile for latent state of misknowledge216 *** The filth simile for intense outburst of attachment, hatred, and misknowledge218 *** The floor simile for ground of instincts for misknowledge219 *** The fruit simile for addictions eliminated by the Path of Insight220 *** The tattered rags simile for addictions eliminated by the Path of Meditation221 *** The woman simile for addictions related to the Impure Stages222 *** The clay simile for addictions related to the Pure stages223 *** Discussion of the twofold obscuration224 ** 3. The Nine Smiles for the Obscured Element226 *** The three similes for the Truth Body228 *** The gold simile for reality230 *** The five similes for the spiritual gene231 * Chapter 8: The Twofold Spiritual Gene236 ** 1. Tsong-kha-pa's Analysis of the Vijñānavadin Standpoints237 ** 2. A Mādhyamika Critique of the Vijñānavadin Standpoint248 ** 3. The dGe-Iugs-pa Exegesis of the "Spiritual Gene" Section of the AA250 ** 4. Natural Luminosity of the Mind under Debate256 * Conclusion264 * Abbreviations268 * Bibliography271 Part 2: Appendices * 1. A Special Edition of Chapter One of the ''Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i ṭīkā'' (1a-72a and 64a-170b)285 ** A. Topical Outline285 ** B. Special Edition306 * 2. Translations449 ** A. The ''Mahāyānottaratantrarvyākhyā'' (Chapter One: 1.1-7.5 and 21.1-78.22)449 ** B. The ''Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i ṭīkā'' (Chapter One: 1a-72a and 64a-170b)525

Chi-tsang's Ta-ch'eng-hsüan-lun: The Two Truths and the Buddha-Nature +

* Acknowledgmentsii * I Introduction1 * II. The Structure and Meaning of the Two Truths14 ** A. The Theoretical Structure14 *** 1. Principle and Teaching: The Two Truths as Teachings15 *** 2. The Context of Truth26 *** 3. The Initial Thesis and the Four Levels of Two Truths33 ** B. The Identity of Emptiness and Existence: Terms and Concepts53 *** 1. The Identity of the Two Truths54 *** 2. The Four Categories of Interpretation62 *** 3. Provisional and Middle: Interdependency, Principle and Teaching68 ** C. The Essence and Function of the Two Truths85 *** 1. The Liang Theories94 *** 2. The Three Kinds of Middle Path101 * III. The Practice of Insight into the Two Truths113 ** A. Introduction113 *** 1. Theory and Practice121 *** 2. ''Prajñā'' and ''Upāya''129 ** B. The Dharmas as Objects-of-Cognition137 *** 1. True Dharma138 *** 2. The True Mark of the Dharmas and the True Dharma145 *** 3. The Non-duality of Subject and Object, Cause and Result154 ** C. The Concurrent Insight of the Two Truths and the Two Knowledges165 * IV. The Theory and the Practice of the Buddha-nature186 ** A. Introduction: Chi-tsang and the ''Nirvāṇa-sūtra''186 ** B. The Buddha-nature of the Middle Path200 *** 1. The Buddha-nature Theories of the North-South Period201 *** 2. The Buddha-nature of Neither Cause nor Result209 *** 3. The Buddha-nature of Non-sentient Objects217 ** C. The Five Kinds of Buddha-nature231 *** 1. Textual and Historical Development231 *** 2. The Ekayāna and the Buddha-nature244 *** 3. The Two Knowledges and the Perception of the Buddha-nature255 * Appendix I: The Meaning of the Two Truths269 * Appendix II: The Meaning of Buddha-nature357 * Notes419 * Selected Bibliography443