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From Buddha-Nature
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Collected Papers on the Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine
  • Preface1
  • Editorial Note3
  • Abbreviations5


I. TEXTUAL RESEARCH
  • A Revised Edition of the Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra, "Kṣanikaparivarta"9


II. THE LAṄKĀVATĀRA AND OTHER TEXTS
  • An Analysis of the Laṅkāvatāra: In Search of Its Original Form101
  • The Concept of Manas in the Laṅkāvatāra118
  • Sources of the Laṅkāvatāra and Its Position in Mahāyāna Buddhism128
  • The Structure of the Anuttarāśrayasūtra (Wu-shang-i ching)156
  • Remarks on the Sanskrit Fragments of the Abhidharmadharmaskandhapādaśāstra165
  • On the Myaṅ 'das175
  • Textual Problems of the Mahāyānaśraddhotpāda184


III. TECHNICAL TERMS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE
TATHĀGATAGARBHA THEORY
  • The "Tathāgatôtpattisaṃbhava-nirdeśa" of the Avataṃsaka and the Ratnagotra-
       vibhāga    : With Special Reference to the Term Tathāgata-gotra-saṃbhava    201
  • The Description of Ultimate Reality by Means of Six Categories in Mahāyāna
       Buddhism    208
  • A Comment on the Term Ārambaṇa in the Ratnagotravibhāga, 1.9219
  • Dharmatā, Dharmadhātu, Dharmakāya and Buddhadhātu: The Structure of the
       Ultimate Value in Mahāyāna Buddhism    228
  • On Upādāna/Upādāyaprajñapti246
  • On Upādāna (II): Ālayavijñāna and Its Two Kinds of Upādāna265
  • On Gotrabhū280


IV. TATHĀGATAGARBHA DOCTRINE IN GENERAL
  • The Buddhist Concept of the Spiritual Family293
  • The Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra299
  • Tathāgatagarbha and the Community of Bodhisattvas311
  • Ethische Implikationen der Tathāgatagarbha-Lehre324
  • Thoughts on Dhātu-vāda and Recent Trends in Buddhist Studies343
  • The Tathāgatagarbha Theory Reconsidered: Reflections on Some Recent Issues in
       Japanese Buddhist Studies    352


V. JAPANESE AND EAST ASIAN BUDDHISM
  • A History of East Asian Buddhist Thought: The Formation of a Sphere of
       Chinese-Canon-Based Buddhism    369
  • "Japanization" of Buddhism417
  • The Ekayāna (One Vehicle) Doctrine as the Basis of Japanese Buddhism432
  • Kōbō Daishi (Kūkai) and Tathāgatagarbha Thought451
  • Saṃsāra eva nirvāṇam480
  • "Non-Sentient Beings Preaching the Dharma": Buddhist Views on the
       Environment    499
  • Some Problems in the Tibetan Translations from Chinese Materials524


VI. BUDDHIST STUDIES IN JAPAN
  • One Hundred Years of Buddhist Studies in Japan539


VII. BOOK REVIEWS
  • John M. Koller, Oriental Philosophies565
  • David Seyfort Ruegg, La théorie du tathāgatagarbha et du gotra571
  • Alex & Hideko Wayman, The Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā586
  • Hajime Nakamura, Indian Buddhism591
  • Index 595
Coming to Terms with Chinese Buddhism
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTSix
  • ABBREVIATIONSxi
  • CONVENTIONS OF USAGExii
  • Introduction: Prolegomenon to the Study of Medieval Chinese
        Buddhist Literature    1

  • Part 1: The Historical and Cosmological Background
  • 1. The Date and Provenance of the Treasure Store Treatise31
  • 2. Chinese Buddhism and the Cosmology of Sympathetic Resonance77

  • Part 2: Annotated Translation of the Treasure Store Treatise
        Introduction to the Translation    137
  • 3. The Treasure Store Treatise/Chapter One
        The Broad Illumination of Emptiness and Being    143
  • 4. The Treasure Store Treatise/Chapter Two
        The Essential Purity of Transcendence and Subtlety    193
  • 5. The Treasure Store Treatise/Chapter Three
        The Empty Mystery of the Point of Genesis    228

  • Appendix 1: On Esoteric Buddhism in China263
  • Appendix 2: Scriptural Quotations in the Treasure Store Treatise279
  • NOTES287
  • WORKS CITED345
  • INDEX379
Commentary on The Presentation of Grounds, Paths, and Results
  • Chapter 1
  • Two Approaches to Ultimate Realization1


THE PRESENTATION OF THE PATHS
  • Chapter 2
  • The Presentation of the Paths 3
    • The Meaning of Path 3
      • The Presentation of Grounds and Paths in the Causal Vehicle of Characteristics4
      • 1. The presentation of the natures of the paths5
  • Chapter 3
  • The Entity of Path 7
      • 1.1. The entity of path7
    • The Definition of Path8
    • The First Incorrect Definition8
    • The Second Incorrect Definition9
    • The Third Incorrect Definition10
    • Summary of the Three Incorrect Definitions10
  • Chapter 4
  • The Classificational Enumerations of the Paths11
      • 1.2. The classificational enumerations11
    • Five Paths, One Practice12
  • Chapter 5
  • The Semantic Explanation of Path15
      • 1.3. The semantic explanation of the meaning of the term15
  • Chapter 6
  • Nominal and Actual Paths17
      • 1.4. The difference between actual and nominal paths17
  • Chapter 7
  • The Five Paths 19
      • 1.5. The detailed explanations of each one of the five paths19
  • Chapter 8
  • The Path of Accumulation21
      • 1.5.1. The path of accumulation21
  • THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION21
      • 1.5.1.1. Setting up its definition21
  • THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION22
      • 1.5.1.2. Identifying its illustration22
  • THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION23
      • 1.5.1.3. The extensive classification23
    • The Threefold Classification of Lesser, Medium, and Greater23
      • The Four Intense Applications of Mindfulness24
      • The Four Perfect Relinquishments24
      • The Four Limbs of Miraculous Powers25
      • Two Reasons for the Threefold Classification25
    • The Alternative Fourfold Classification26
  • THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION27
      • 1.5.1.4 Determining its nature27
    • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises27
    • The Grounds on Which It Relies28
    • The Objects on Which It Focuses28
  • THE FEATURES OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION OF THE PATH
    OF ACCUMULATION    29
      • 1.5.1.5. The features of relinquishment and realization29
  • THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION31
      • 1.5.1.6. Stating its qualities31
  • THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION33
      • 1.5.1.7. Its function33
  • THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION35
      • 1.5.1.8. Teaching its semantic explanation35
  • Chapter 9
  • The Path of Junction37
      • 1.5.2. The path of junction37
  • THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION37
      • 1.5.2.1. Setting up its definition37
  • THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION40
      • 1.5.2.2. Identifying its illustration40
  • THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION40
      • 1.5.2.3. The extensive classification40
    • The Classification Through Nature41
    • The Classification in Terms of Accumulation and Junction41
    • The Classification in Terms of Lesser and Greater42
    • The Classification by Way of Realization43
      • The Phase of Heat 45
      • The Phase of Peak 46
      • The Phase of Endurance 49
      • The Phase of Supreme Dharma50
  • THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION52
      • 1.5.2.4. Determining its nature52
    • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises52
    • The Grounds on Which It Relies53
    • The Objects on Which It Focuses56
  • THE FEATURE OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION OF THE PATH
    OF JUNCTION    58
      • 1.5.2.5. The features of relinquishment and realization58
    • What Is Relinquished 59
    • What Is Realized 60
  • THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION63
      • 1.5.2.6. Stating its qualities63
  • THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION64
      • 1.5.2.7. Its function64
  • THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION65
      • 1.5.2.8. Teaching its semantic explanation65
  • Chapter 10
  • The Path of Seeing 67
      • 1.5.3. The path of seeing67
  • THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF SEEING67
      • 1.5.3.1. Setting up its definition67
  • THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF SEEING69
      • 1.5.3.2. Identifying its illustration69
  • THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF SEEING70
      • 1.5.3.3. The extensive classification70
  • THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF SEEING71
      • 1.5.3.4. Determining its nature71
    • The Way in Which the Factors to be Relinquished Through Seeing Are Relinquished72
      • 1.5.3.4.1. The presentation of the way in which the factors to be relinquished
        through seeing are relinquished        72
    • The Definition of the Factors to be Relinquished72
      • 1.5.3.4.1.1. The definition of the factors to be relinquished72
    • The Extensive Classification of the Factors to be Relinquished73
      • 1.5.3.4.1.2. The extensive classification of the factors to be relinquished73
      • 1.5.3.4.1.2.1. The classification of their entity74
      • 1.5.3.4.1.2.2. The classification of the way of relinquishment76
    • The Way in Which the Factors to be Relinquished Are Relinquished78
  • 1.5.3.4.1.3. The way in which the factors to be relinquished are relinquished78
    • The Way in Which the Path of Seeing Arises82
      • 1.5.3.4.2. The presentation of the way in which the path of seeing arises82
    • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises82
      • 1.5.3.4.2.1. The (psychophysical) supports in which it arises82
    • The Grounds on Which It Relies83
      • 1.5.3.4.2.2. The grounds on which it relies83
    • The Ways of Realization 85
      • 1.5.3.4.2.3. The ways of realization85
    • From How Many Moments It Arises87
      • 1.5.3.4.2.4. (The issue) from how many moments it arises87
      • 1.5.3.4.2.4.1. The system of the common vehicle87
      • 1.5.3.4.2.4.2. The uncommon system91
  • THE FEATURES OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION OF THE PATH
    OF SEEING    93
      • 1.5.3.5. The features of relinquishment and realization93
    • What Is Relinquished 93
    • What Is Realized 94
  • THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF SEEING96
      • 1.5.3.6. Stating its qualities96
  • THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF SEEING99
      • 1.5.3.7. Its function99
  • THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF SEEING99
      • 1.5.3.8. Teaching its semantic explanation99
  • Chapter 11
  • The Path of Meditation103
      • 1.5.4. The path of meditation103
  • THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION103
      • 1.5.4.1. Setting up its definition103
  • THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION104
      • 1.5.4.2. Identifying its illustration104
  • THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION108
      • 1.5.4.3. The extensive classification108
    • The Mundane Path of Meditation109
      • 1.5.4.3.1. The mundane path of meditation109
    • The Supramundane Path of Meditation109
      • 1.5.4.3.2. The supramundane path of meditation109
    • Classification Through Its Psychophysical Supports110
    • Classification Through the Factors to be Relinquished111
    • Classification Through the Paths111
    • Classification Through Its Entity112
    • Classification Through Familiarization112
  • THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION113
      • 1.5.4.4. Determining its nature113
    • The Factors to be Relinquished Through Meditation113
      • 1.5.4.4.1. The way in which the factors to be relinquished through meditation are relinquished113
      • The Definition of the Factors to be Relinquished Through Meditation114
      • Their Extensive Classification116
      • The Way in Which They Are Relinquished Through the Remedies117
    • The Arising of the Path of Meditation118
      • 1.5.4.4.2. The way in which the path of meditation arises118
      • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises118
      • The Grounds on Which It Relies119
      • The Objects on Which It Focuses120
  • THE FEATURES OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION ON THE
    PATH OF MEDITATION    121
      • 1.5.4.5. The features of relinquishment and realization121
    • What is Relinquished 122
    • What is Realized 122
  • THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION124
      • 1.5.4.6. Stating its qualities124
  • THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION125
      • 1.5.4.7. Its function125
  • THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION126
      • 1.5.4.8. Teaching its semantic explanation126
  • Chapter 12
  • The Path of Completion 129
      • 1.5.5. The path of completion129
  • THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION129
      • 1.5.5.1. Setting up its definition129
  • THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION131
      • 1.5.5.2. Identifying its illustration131
  • THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION131
      • 1.5.5.3. The extensive classification131
    • The Classification of the Three Vehicles132
    • The Classification of the Two Paths132
    • The Classification of the Three Grounds132
    • Two Other Distinctive Features132
    • The Ten Dharmas of No More Learning134
    • The Five Uncontaminated Aggregates135
  • THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION136
      • 1.5.5.4. Determining its nature136
    • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises & The Grounds It Relies on136
    • The Objects It Focuses on 137
  • THE FEATURES OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION OF THE
    PATH OF COMPLETION    138
      • 1.5.5.5. The features of relinquishment and realization138
    • What is Relinquished 139
    • What is Realized 139
  • THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION140
      • 1.5.5.6. Stating its qualities140
  • THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION141
      • 1.5.5.7. Its function141
  • THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION141
      • 1.5.5.8. Teaching its semantic explanation141


THE PRESENTATION OF GROUNDS
  • Chapter 13
  • The Presentation of Grounds143
  • Chapter 14
  • The Two Grounds149
      • 2. Teaching the presentation of the grounds149
      • 2.1. The presentation as two grounds149
      • 2.1.1. The brief introduction149
  • THE GROUNDS FREE FROM ATTACHMENT150
      • 2.1.2. The detailed explanation150
      • 2.1.2.1. The grounds free from attachment150
    • The Ground of Fully Seeing What is White151
    • The Ground of Disposition 152
    • The Eighth Ground 152
    • The Ground of Seeing 153
    • The Ground of Diminishment 153
    • The Ground of Freedom From Desire153
    • The Ground of Realizing Completion153
    • The Ground of Hearers154
    • The Ground of Solitary Realizers155
  • THE BUDDHA GROUNDS 156
      • 2.1.2.2. The Buddha grounds156
  • THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO157
      • 2.2. Teaching the differences between these two157
    • The Difference of Miraculous Powers158
    • The Difference of Supernatural Knowledges158
    • The Difference of Realization 158
    • The Difference of Meditation 159
    • The Difference of Seeing 159
    • The Difference of Language, Teaching the Dharma, and Promoting Welfare161
    • The Difference of Nirvāṇa 162
  • Chapter 15
  • The Detailed Explanation of the Buddha Grounds165
      • 2.3. The detailed explanation of the Buddha grounds165
  • THE ENTITY OF GROUND 165
      • 2.3.1. The entity of ground165
  • THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE BUDDHA GROUNDS166
      • 2.3.2. The illustration 166
  • THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE BUDDHA GROUNDS166
      • 2.3.3. The semantic explanation166
  • THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE BUDDHA GROUNDS168
      • 2.3.4. The classifications168
    • The Classification in Terms of Beings and Noble Ones168
      • The Grounds of Ordinary Worldly Beings169
      • The Supramundane Grounds170
    • The Classification in Terms of the Ways of Attainment170
    • The Classification in Terms of the Ways of Accomplishment172
    • The Classification in Terms of Pride173
  • Chapter 16
  • The Special Explanation of the Buddha Grounds175
      • 2.3.5. The special explanation of the grounds of the uncommon great vehicle175
  • THE ENTITIES & SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE NAMES175
      • 2.3.5.1. The entities and semantic explanations of the names175
  • THE THOROUGH PURIFICATIONS177
      • 2.3.5.2. The thorough purifications and where one is transferred to177
  • THE PRACTICES & PERSONS ON THE TEN BHŪMIS179
      • 2.3.5.3. The practices and persons179
    • The Ten Pāramitā Practices 181
    • Persons With Pure View 181
  • THE THREE TRAININGS & THE FIVE AGGREGATES184
      • 2.3.5.4. The three trainings and the aggregates184
    • The Three Trainings 184
    • The Five Pure Aggregates 187
  • PURITY, RELINQUISHMENT, & REALIZATION188
      • 2.3.5.5. Complete purities, relinquishments, and realizations188
    • The Progressive Purification of the Ten Bhūmis188
    • The Factors to be Relinquished on Paths of Seeing and Meditation189
    • The Realization of the Ten Bhūmis191
  • THE QUALITIES OF THE TEN BHUMIS195
      • 2.3.5.6. The differences in terms of qualities and arising195
  • HOW BODHISATTVAS ARE REBORN198
    • Rebirth Through Influence 198
    • Rebirth Through Complete Maturation200
  • Chapter 17
  • Why the Grounds Are Ten201
      • 2.3.6. The reason why the number of the grounds is definitely ten201


THE PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
  • Chapter 18
  • The Presentation of Results205
      • Determining the results of the vehicle of characteristics205
  • Chapter 19
  • The Three Nirvāṇas207
      • 1. The general explanation of nirvāṇa, the result of the three vehicles207
    • Natural Nirvāṇa 208
    • The Nirvāṇa of Cessation 209
      • The Nominal Nirvāṇa of Cessation210
      • The Actual Nirvāṇa of Cessation210
    • Partially Incomplete & Complete Actual Cessations211
    • Nonabiding Nirvāṇa 212
  • Chapter 20
  • The Special Explanation of Buddhahood213
      • 2. The special explanation of Buddhahood, the result of the great vehicle213
      • 2.1. The nature of Buddhahood213
    • The Terminological Meaning of Buddhahood215
      • 2.2. The terminological meaning of this name215
  • Chapter 21
  • The Three Kāyas217
      • 2.3. The way in which the activity of enlightened bodies is accomplished217
    • The Causes of the Three Kāyas217
      • 2.3.1. The teaching about the connection in terms of what is accomplished from
        which causes        217
    • The Accumulations of Merit & Wisdom218
    • The Great Akaniṣhṭha221
      • 2.3.2. The explanation of the distinctive features of how this is accomplished in
        certain places        221
    • How the Form Kāyas Manifest 223
    • Why the Kāyas Are Three 223
    • The Detailed Explanation of the Three Kāyas225
      • 2.3.3. The detailed explanation of the result that is accomplished225
      • 2.3.3.1. The explanation of the support, the enlightened bodies225
      • 2.3.3.1.1. The definitions and other (related topics)225
  • Chapter 22
  • The Dharmakāya227
      • 2.3.3.1.1.1. The Dharma Body227
      • 2.3.3.1.1.1.1. The meaning of the term and the definition227
    • The Eight Defining Characteristics229
    • The Twofold Classification 230
      • 2.3.3.1.1.1.2. Its classification as different enlightened bodies230
  • Chapter 23
  • The Sambhogakāya231
    • The Meaning of Sambhogakāya231
      • 2.3.3.1.1.2. The Enjoyment Body231
      • 2.3.3.1.1.2.1. The meaning of the term and the definition231
    • The Definition of Sambhogakāya232
    • The Eight Characteristics & Five Certainties233
    • Classifications of Sambhogakāya234
      • 2.3.3.1.1.2.2. The classification234
    • How Sambhogakāyas Appear 235
  • Chapter 24
  • The Nirmāṇakāya 239
    • The Meaning & Definition of Nirmāṇakāya239
      • 2.3.3.1.1.3. The Emanation Body239
      • 2.3.3.1.1.3.1. The meaning of the term and the definition239
    • The Eight Characteristics of a Nirmāṇakāya240
    • Classifications of Nirmāṇakāya242
      • 2.3.3.1.1.3.2. The classification242
  • Chapter 25
  • The Intention of the Uttaratantra245
      • 2.3.3.1.1.4. Teaching the intention of The Sublime Continuum as a
        supplementary topic        245
    • The Perfection of Genuine Purity245
    • The Perfection of Genuine Identity246
    • The Perfection of Genuine Bliss247
    • The Perfection of Genuine Permanence247
    • The Enlightened Body of a Buddha248
    • The Five Defining Characteristics248
  • Chapter 26
  • The Distinctive Features of the Three Kāyas251
      • 2.3.3.1.2. The explanation of the distinctive features of the three enlightened bodies251
      • 2.3.3.1.2.1. The distinctive feature of equality251
      • 2.3.3.1.2.2. The distinctive feature of permanence252
      • 2.3.3.1.2.3. The distinctive feature of appearance252
  • Chapter 27
  • The Five Wisdoms255
      • 2.3.3.2. The explanation of the supported, the wisdoms255
      • 2.3.3.2.1. The detailed classification255
      • 2.3.3.2.2. The meanings of the terms and their entities256
    • Dharmadhātu Wisdom 256
      • 2.3.3.2.2.1. The explanation of the meaning of the expanse of dharmas256
    • Mirrorlike Wisdom 258
      • 2.3.3.2.2.2. The explanation of the meaning of mirrorlike258
    • The Wisdom of Equality 259
      • 2.3.3.2.2.3. The explanation of the meaning of equality259
    • Discriminating Wisdom 260
      • 2.3.3.2.2.4. The explanation of the meaning of all-discriminating260
    • All-Accomplishing Wisdom 261
      • 2.3.3.2.2.5. The explanation of the meaning of all-accomplishing261
    • The Causes of the Five Wisdoms262
      • 2.3.3.2.3. The causes through which they are accomplished262
    • The Five Wisdoms & the Eight Consciousnesses263
      • 2.3.3.2.4. The ways of changing state263
    • The Five Wisdoms & the Three Kāyas265
      • 2.3.3.2.5. The way in which they are related to the enlightened bodies together
        with their way of knowing                 265
    • The Way in Which Buddhas Know265
  • Chapter 28
  • The Qualities of Freedom & Maturation269
      • 2.3.3.3. The explanation of the qualities of freedom and complete maturation269
      • 2.3.3.3.1. The brief introduction269
      • 2.3.3.3.2. The detailed explanation270
  • THE QUALITIES OF FREEDOM270
  • 2.3.3.3.2.1. The qualities of freedom270
    • The Thirty-Two Qualities 271
      • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1. The thirty-two (qualities) as per the intention of The Sublime
        Continuum        271
      • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.1. Connection through a brief introduction271
      • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.2. The detailed commentary on their meaning271
    • The Ten Powers 271
      • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.2.1. The ten powers271
    • The Four Fearlessnesses 273
      • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.2.2. The four fearlessnesses273
  • The Eighteen Unique Qualities274
      • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.2.3. The eighteen unique qualities274
    • The Twenty-One Uncontaminated Qualities278
      • 2.3.3.3.2.1.2.2. The twenty-one uncontaminated groups (of qualities) as per the
        intention of The Ornament of Clear Realization        278
  • THE QUALITIES OF COMPLETE MATURATION283
      • 2.3.3.3.2.2. The explanation of the qualities of complete maturation283
      • 2.3.3.3.2.2.1. The brief introduction283
      • 2.3.3.3.2.2.2. The detailed explanation283
      • 2.3.3.4. The explanation of the enlightened activity that is performed289
      • 2.3.3.4.1. The detailed explanation of the seven points of activity290
      • 2.3.3.4.2. Their summary in two points291
  • Chart I: The factors to be relinquished through seeing and meditation
    according to the great vehicle    293
  • Chart II: The factors to be relinquished through seeing and meditation
    according to the vehicle of the hearers    295
Contributions to the Development of Tibetan Buddhist Epistemology
  • PREFACEVII
  • INTRODUCTION1
  • CHAPTER 1. RNGOG LO-TSĀ-BA BLO-LDAN SHES-RAB AND THE
    RNGOG-LUGS OF EPISTEMOLOGY    29
  • CHAPTER 2. PHYA-PA CHOS-KYI SENG.-GE AND THE TSHAD-MA
    BSDUS-PA YID-KYI MUN-SEL    59
  • CHAPTER 3. SA-SKYA PANDXTA KUN-DGA' RGYAL-MTSHAN AND THE TSHAD MA RIGS-PA'I-GTER97
  • CHAPTER 4. A TOPICAL OUTLINE OF GO-RAM-PA'S
    PRAMĀNAVĀRTTIKA COMMENTARY THE "RADIANT LIGHT OF SAMANTABHADRA"    116
  • BIBLIOGRAPHIES241
  • NOTES257
  • INDICES317
  • ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS330
Counsels from My Heart
    • Preface by Kyabje Trulshik Rinpocheix
    • Translator's Notexi
    • Acknowledgementsxv
  • 1 The Buddhadharma1
  • 2 The Essence of the Path27
  • 3 The Long Oral Lineage of the Nyingmapas31
  • 4 Practicing the Teachings without Sectarian Bias47
  • 5 An Introduction to the Bardo59
  • 6 Magical Nectar77
  • 7 Heart Jewel of the Fortunate83
  • 8 An Aspiration to the Great Perfection89
  • 9 The Life Story of Dudjom Rinpoche91
    • Glossary95
    • Notes107
Critical Buddhism
  • Acknowledgmentsvii
  • List of Abbreviationsix
  • Introduction1
  • 1 Buddhism, Criticism, and Postwar Japan17
  • 2 The Roots of "Topicalism"51
  • 3 Problems in Modern Zen Thought83
  • 4 Criticism as Anamnesis125
  • 5 Radical Contingency and Compassion155
  • Bibliography175
  • Index197
Cultivating Original Enlightenment
  • Prefacevii
  • Abbreviations and Conventionsxi


Part 1: Study
  • I Contemplative Practice in the Exposition of the Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra3
  • II The Writing of the Exposition17
  • III The Exposition as Commentary28


Part 2: Wŏnhyos Exposition of the Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra:
An Annotated Translation
  • ROLL ONE47
  • Part One: A Statement of Its Main Idea47
  • Part Two: An Analysis of the Themes of the Sūtra48
  • Part Three: An Explication of the Title50
  • Part Four: An Exegesis of the Text57
    • Section One: Prologue57
    • Section Two: Main Body62
      • First Division of Contemplation Practice: Rejecting All Characteristics of Sense-Objects to Reveal the Signless Contemplation65
  • ROLL TWO116
      • Second Division of Contemplation Practice: Extinguishing the Mind
        Subject to Production in Order to Explain the Practice of Nonproduction        116
      • Third Division of Contemplation Practice: The Inspiration of Original Enlightenment137
      • Fourth Division of Contemplation Practice: Abandoning the Spurious to Access Reality166
  • ROLL THREE211
      • Fifth Division of Contemplation Practice: Sanctified Practices Emerge
        from the Voidness of the True Nature        211
      • Sixth Division of Contemplation Practice: Immeasurable Dharmas
        Access the Tathāgatagarbha        243
    • Section Three (A): Dhāraṇī (Codes)271
    • Section Three (B): Dissemination271
  • Appendix: A Schematic Outline of Wŏnhyo's Exposition of the Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra309
  • Notes335
  • Glossary of Sinitic Logographs377
  • Bibliography385
  • Index411
Currents and Countercurrents
    • Acknowledgmentsix
    • Introduction Patterns of Influence in East Asian Buddhism: The Korean Case
      Robert E. Buswell, Jr.      1

  • CHAPTER 1 Paekche and the Incipiency of Buddhism in Japan
                           Jonathan W. Best    15
  • CHAPTER 2 Kyǒnghǔng in Shinran's Pure Land Thought
                           Hee-Sung Keel    43
  • CHAPTER 3 Korea as a Source for the Regeneration of Chinese Buddhism:
                           The Evidence of Ch'an and Son Literature
                           John Jorgensen    73
  • CHAPTER 4 Ch'an Master Musang: A Korean Monk in East Asian Context
                           Bernard Faure    153
  • CHAPTER 5 Wǒnch'ǔk's Place in the East Asian Buddhist Tradition
                           Eunsu Cho    173
  • CHAPTER 6 The Korean Impact on T'ien-t'ai Buddhism in China:
                            A Historical Analysis
                           Chi-wah Chan    217
  • CHAPTER 7 Ǔich'ǒn's Pilgrimage and the Rising Prominence of the Korean
                           Monastery in Hang-chou during the Sung and Yuan Periods
                           Chi-chiang Huang    242

    • About the Contributors277
    • Index279
Daijō kishinron no kenkyūTable of Contents Unavailable
Dasheng qixin lun yu foxue ZhongguohuaTable of Contents Unavailable
De bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po bstan pa zhes bya ba'i bstan bcos
དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོའི་ཞིབ་འཇུག
Demonstration of the Buddha-nature of the Insentient in Zhanran’s The Diamond Scalpel TreatiseTable of Contents Unavailable
Die Anwendung der Tathagatagarbha-Lehre
  • Inhalt
  • Vorwort8
  • 1 Einleitung
  • 1.1 Zielsetzung11
  • 1.2 Methode und Abgrenzung des Themas13
  • 1.3 ’Jam mgon Kong sprul Blo gros mtha’ yas, sein Leben und Wirken
  • 1.3.1 Kong sprul und die ris med Bewegung16
  • 1.3.2 Publikationen zu Kong sprul24
  • 1.3.3 Wesentliche Ereignisse im Leben von Kong sprul, eine Chronologie32
  • 1.3.4 Kong spruls literarisches Lebenswerk, die mDzod Inga („Fünf Schätze“)47
  • 1.4 Das Thema der Buddha-Natur
  • 1.4.1 Mahāyāna-Schriften zur Buddha-Natur und ihre Datierung52
  • 1.4.2 Einschlägige Mahāyāna-Sūtren aus Sicht der tibetischen Exegese55
  • 1.4.3 Indische Lehrwerke zur positiven Beschreibung der absoluten
            Wirklichkeit    59
  • 1.4.4 Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zur Buddha-Natur bzw. damit verwandten
            Themen    64


  • 2 Der Ratnagotravibhāga in Tibet
  • 2.1 Der Ratnagotravibhāga in der tibetischen Exegese74
  • 2.2 Für die Karma bKa’ brgyud pa-Tradition wesentliche Ratnagotravibhāga
         Überlieferungen
  • 2.2.1 Maitrīpas Lehrtradition76
  • 2.2.2 Sajjanas tibetische Schüler77
  • 2.3 Stellung des Ratnagotravibhāga in den mahāmudrā-Lehren der Karma
         bKa’ brgyud pa-Tradition    84


  • 3 gzhan stong in Tibet
  • 3.1 gzhan stong, Allgemeines94
  • 3.2 Grundlagen für die tibetische gzhan stong-Exegese in indischen Lehrwerken99
  • 3.3 gzhan stong-Mādhyamikas in Tibet bzw. Lehrer, in deren Wirken sich
         Elemente der gzhan stong-Lehre finden    104
  • 3.4 gzhan stong-Proponenten in der Darstellung von Kong spruls gZhan stong
         lta khrid    , Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede
  • 3.4.1 Allgemeine Bemerkungen113
  • 3.4.2 Von Kong sprul als Wegbereiter der gzhan stong-Lehren bezeichnete
            tibetische Lehrer
  • 3.4.2.1 Karma pa Rang byung rdo rje116
  • 3.4.2.2 Dol po pa Shes rab rgyal mtshan132
  • 3.4.2.3 Klong chen pa Dri med ’od zer138
  • 3.4.3 Weitere von Kong sprul als gzhan stong-Proponenten bezeichnete Lehrer145
  • 3.4.3.1 Karma pa Chos grags rgya mtsho145
  • 3.4.3.2 Shākya mchog ldan150
  • 3.4.3.3 Tāranātha Kun dga’ snying po155
  • 3.4.3.4 Si tu Chos kyi ’byung gnas160
  • 3.5 Kong spruls Sichtweise165


  • 4 Kong spruls gZhan stong lta khrid: „Die makellosen Lichtstrahlen des vajra-Mondes,
       eine Anleitung zur Sichtweise von gzhan stong, dem Großen Madhyamaka“
  • 4.1 Das gZhan stong lta khrid in Kong spruls Werken, allgemeine Beschreibung des
         Textes    195
  • 4.2 lta khrid als Literaturgattung; Zweck und Verwendung197
  • 4.3 Aufbau von Kong spruls gZhan stong lta khrid
  • 4.3.1 Struktur des Textes200
  • 4.3.2 Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte in Kong spruls gZhan stong lta khrid
  • 4.3.2.1 Die drei Lehrzyklen, ihre hinführende und/oder definitive Bedeutung und
              die exegetische Zuordnung des Ratnagotravibhāga    202
  • 4.3.2.2 Die im gZhan stong lta khrid dargestellte Anleitung gemäß der Sūtra-Tradition:
  • 4.3.2.2.1 „Was zu verstehen ist“
  • 4.3.2.2.1.1 Die weltliche und die überweltliche Sichtweise214
  • 4.3.2.2.1.2 Sichtweise und Meditation gemäß dem Niḥsvabhāvavāda-
                   Madhyamaka    220
  • 4.3.2.2.1.3 Mögliche Fehlerquellen beim Niḥsvabhāvavāda-Madhyamaka231
  • 4.3.2.2.1.4 Sichtweise und Meditation gemäß des Yogācāra-Madhyamaka234
  • 4.3.2.2.1.5 Kong spruls Sicht zur nicht-zweiheitlichen Gnosis238
  • 43.2.2.2„Die eigentliche Praxis“ gemäß der Sūtra-Tradition
  • 4.3.2.2.2.1 „Die Vorbereitung“ 240
  • 4.3.2.2.2.2 „Der Hauptteil“
  • 4.3.2.2.2.2.1 „Die Zufluchtnahme und das Entwickeln von bodhicitta“ 242
  • 4.3.2.2.2.2.2 „Die Anleitung zur meditativen Übung der Einheit von śamatha
                       und vipaśyanä“    244
  • 4.3.2.2.2.2.3 „Das genaue Unterscheiden und die dadurch erfolgende Einführung
                       in die Buddha-Natur“    258
  • 4.3.2.2.3 Die Praxis außerhalb der Meditation273
  • 4.3.2.3 Die im gZhan stong lta khrid dargestellte Anleitung gemäß der Tantra-
              Tradition
  • 4.3.2.3.1 Vorbemerkungen282
  • 4.3.2.3.2 „Was zu verstehen ist“283
  • 4.3.2.3.3 „Die eigentliche Praxis“291
  • 4.3.2.4. „Der Nutzen“294
  • 4.4 Textedition und Übersetzung
  • 4.4.1 Anmerkungen zur tibetischen Textausgabe297
  • 4.4.2 Anmerkungen zu Edition und Übersetzung300
  • 4.4.3 Inhaltsübersicht des gZhan stong lta khrid mit Seitenverweis auf Edition
            und Übersetzung    302
  • 4.4.4 Edition des tibetischen Textes303
  • 4.4.5 Übersetzung323


Abkürzungen, Bibliografie und Indices

  • Allgemeine Abkürzungen353
  • Indische Werke354
  • Tibetische Werke356
  • Sekundärliteratur364
  • Internet379
  • Indices380
Distinguishing Phenomena from Their Intrinsic Nature
    • Foreword vii
    • Introduction ix
  • Distinguishing Phenomena from their Intrinsic Nature 1
    • The Title 6
    • The Translator's Homage 7
    • The Meaning of the Scripture 7
    • The Essence of Cyclic Existence and the Transcendence of Suffering 8
    • The Characteristics of Phenomena 10
    • The Characteristics of their Intrinsic Nature 11
    • The Underlying Rationale for These Characteristics 12
    • Are Phenomena and Their Intrinsic Nature the Same or Different? 14
    • The Two Abodes 17
    • The Nonexistence of Apprehended and Apprehender 21
    • An Extensive Explanation of the Intrinsic Nature 28
    • Conclusion 66
    • Appendix: Ju Mipham's Topical Outline of Distinguishing Phenomena from Their
            Intrinsic Nature             71
    • Notes75
    • English-Tibetan Glossary77
    • Tibetan-English-Sanskrit Glossary83
    • Bibliography93
    • Index95
Dusting Off Your Buddha Nature
    • Introduction1
  • I     Getting Started on the Path
  • 1     The Ten Steps — Graglia 201212
  • 2     The Dangers of Skipping Ngöndro — Bologna 201427
  • II     The Common Preliminary Practices
  • 3     The Four Thoughts — Graglia 201246
    •      A     Precious Human Rebirth49
    •      B     Impermanence53
    •      C     Karma57
    •      D     Fault of Samsara60
  • III     The Uncommon Preliminary Practices
  • 4     Refuge — Graglia 201266
  • 5     Bodhicitta — Graglia 201282
  • 6     Mandala — Graglia 201396
  • 7     Kusali Chod — Graglia 2013116
  • 8     Vajrasattva — Graglia 2013126
  • 9     Guru Yoga — Graglia 2012 and 2013140
  • IV     Beyond the Preliminaries
  • 10     Phowa — Graglia 2013166
  • 11     Ego Guru Yoga — 2012 New York Summer Retreat173
  • Epilogue197
  • Appendix - Guided Practice — Seven Branch Prayer, Bodhisattva Vow,
    Guru Yoga — Graglia 2013     202
Early Ch'an in China and Tibet

Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Abbreviations

I. CHINA

  • a. State of Scholarship
  • New Japanese Studies in Early Ch'an History1
      • Philip Yampolsky


  • b. Formative Period
  • The Li-tai fa-pao chi and the Ch'an Doctrine of Sudden Awakening13
      • Yanagida Seizan


  • Seng-ch'ou's Method of Dhyāna51
      • Jan Yiin-hua


  • T'an-ch'ien and the Early Ch'an Tradition: Translation and Analysis of the Essay "Wangshih-fei-Iun"65
      • Whalen W. Lai


  • The Teachings of the Fourth Ch'an Patriarch Tao-hsin (580-651)89
      • David W. Chappell


  • The Concept of Ii nien ("being free from thinking") in the Northern Line of Ch'an Buddhism131
      • Robert B. Zeuschner


  • Early Hua-yen, Meditation, and Early Ch'an: Some Preliminary
    Considerations    149
      • Robert M. Gimello


  • The Early Ch'an Monastic Rule: Ch'ing-kuei and the Shaping of Ch'an
    Community Life    165
      • Martin Collcutt


  • c. The Developing Tradition
  • The "Recorded Sayings" Texts of Chinese Ch'an Buddhism185
      • Yanagida Seizan


  • Lin-chi on "Language-Dependence," An Interpretive Analysis207
      • Ronald L. Burr


  • Sinitic Mandalas: The Wu-wei-t'u of Ts'aoshan229
      • Whalen W. Lai


  • d. Interaction
  • The Ambiguity of the Buddha-nature Concept in India and China259
      • Andrew Rawlinson


  • The Problem of Desire and Emotions in Taoism and Ch'an281
      • John Visvader and William C. Doub


  • The Pure and the Impure: The Mencian Problematik in Chinese Buddhism299
      • Whalen W. Lai


II. TIBET

  • a. State of Scholarship
  • The Study of Tibetan Ch'an Manuscripts Recovered from Tun-huang: A Review
    of the Field and its Prospects    327
      • Daishun Ueyama


  • b. Tibetan Meditation Systems and Ch 'an
  • 'Meditation' Trends in Early Tibet351
      • Herbert V. Guenther


  • 'The Great Perfection' in the Tradition of the Bonpos367
      • Per Kvaerne


  • Indian Materials on the Doctrine of Sudden Enlightenment393
      • Luis O. Gomez


Index

Entering the Way of the Great Vehicle
  • Acknowledgmentsix
  • Translator s Introductioni
    • The Audacity of Rongzom’s Worki
    • The Context for Rongzom’s Work2
    • The Story of Rongzom s Life6
    • Rongzompa’s Entering the Way of the Great Vehicle8
      • Summary of Chapter 112
      • Summary of Chapter 215
      • Summary of Chapter 319
      • Summary of Chapter 422
      • Summary of Chapter 526
      • Summary of Chapter 631
    • On the English Translation34
  • The Commentarial Treatise Entitled Entering the Way of the Great Vehicle by
       Rongzom Chökyi Zangpo
  • 1. The Reality of Affliction39
    • The Śrāvaka System39
    • The Pratyekabuddha System42
    • The Yogācāra System42
    • The Madhyamaka System44
    • The Madhyamaka and Guhyamantra Systems53
    • Conclusion56
  • 2. Objections and Replies59
    • First Objection: Concerning the Reality of Illusions59
    • Second Objection: Concerning the Reality of Causality63
    • Third Objection: Concerning the Reality of Pure Phenomena66
    • Fourth Objection: Concerning the Reality of Samsara79
  • 3. Distinguishing the Perfected System of the Illusory in the Great Perfection
        from the Other Vehicles That Retain the Nomenclature of Illusion    89
    • First Objection: Concerning the Reality of Confused Appearances89
    • Second Objection: Concerning Reality in an Illusory World91
    • Third Objection: Concerning the Yogācāra View of Concepts99
    • Some Supplementary Explanation concerning the Differences between the
         Aforementioned Views with respect to Limitations and Power      105
    • Great Perfection as a Vehicle106
    • Great Perfection as a Transmission106
    • Great Perfection as a Doctrinal Discourse107
    • Great Perfection as a Continuum107
    • Great Perfection as a Hidden Intention108
    • Great Perfection as Intimate Advice108
  • 4. The Great Perfection Approach to the Path Is Not Undermined by Reason111
    • Bodhicitta111
    • Conceptual Frameworks, Appearance, and Nature112
    • General Systems for Such Things as the Establishment and Negation of
      Identity and Difference      115
    • On the Two Methods of [Establishing] Proofs116
    • Grammatical Treatises122
    • Logical Treatises122
    • Conclusion126
  • 5. Writings on Great Perfection129
    • The Nature of Bodhicitta129
    • The Greatness of Bodhicitta129
    • Deviations and Obscurations130
    • Methods for Settling Bodhicitta130
    • From the Writings of Great Perfection130
      • Eight Additional Rubrics131
      • All Phenomena Are Seen to Be Perfected within the Single Sphere of
           Bodhicitta        131
      • All Confused Appearance Is Seen as the Play of Samantabhadra132
      • All Sentient Beings Are Seen as the Profound Field of Awakening132
      • All Domains of Experience Are Seen as Naturally Occurring Self-
           Appearing Gnosis        133
      • All Phenomena Seen as Perfected within the Nature of the Five
           Types of Greatness        133
      • The Six Great Spheres137
      • The Elimination of Deviations and Obscurations138
      • Twenty-Three Points of Deviation143
      • The Seven Obscurations155
      • The Three Beings158
      • The Three Great Assurances159
      • The Three Fundamental Esoteric Precepts159
      • Resolution through Bodhicitta160
      • What Is Resolved in Great Perfection160
      • The Disclosure of Methods for Consolidating Bodhicitta161
      • Disclosing Those Points through Scriptural Sources164
    • On Critical Impediments to Concentration175
    • Criteria for the Attainment of Mastery over the Ordinary Mind180
    • On the Signs of Warmth184
    • On the Qualities of Bodhicitta185
  • 6. Instructions on Paths Encountered through Methods Connected with
        Effort for Those Who Are Unable to Remain Effortlessly within the Natural
        State according to the Great Perfection Approach    191
    • Other Paths as Doors to Great Perfection191
    • Six Faults Connected with Concentration192
    • Conceptuality193
    • Nine Obscurations Associated with the Path194
    • The Eightfold Concentration That Eliminates the Five Faults193
    • Six-Limbed Yoga199
    • Five Signs of Mental Stability201
    • After Attaining Such Signs of Mental Stability202
  • Closing Verses209
  • Appendix: Tibetan Names in Phonetic and Transliterated Forms211
  • Abbreviations213
  • Notes215
  • Works Cited239
  • Index243
Esoteric Instructions
  • Foreword by Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoché9
  • Preface13
  • Introduction17
  • The Root Text: Esoteric Instructions:
          A Detailed Presentation of the Process
           of Meditation in Vajrayāna    49
    • 1. Nyingma63
    • 2. Kadampa97
    • 3. Lamdré113
    • 4. Marpa Kagyu137
    • 5. Shangpa Kagyu233
    • 6. Zhijé and Chöd255
    • 7. Jordruk289
    • 8. Dorjé Sumgyi Nyendrup331
    • 9. Supplement: Śāntigupta339
  • Appendix One: Outline of Book Eight, Part Four:
          Esoteric Instructions    345
  • Appendix Two: General Contents of Kongtrul’s
          Treasury of Knowledge    355
  • Abbreviations359
  • Notes363
  • Bibliography of Works Cited by the Author451
  • Reference Bibliography473
  • Index495
Existence and Enlightenment in the Laṅkāvatāra-Sūtra
  • Forewordxiii
  • Prefacexv

Introduction
  • 0.1. The Purpose of the Study, and the Significance of the
           Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra within Buddhist Doctrinal History    1
  • 0.2. Dating the Text: Problems of Form and Interpretation13
  • 0.3. Methodology and Outline of the Study23

Part One: Concepts of Being
  • 1.0. The Nature of Buddhist Ontology39
  •        General considerations * The practical aim of the Yogācāra Philosophy
  • 1.1. The Threefold Meaning of Tathāgata-garbha and its
           Relation to Ālaya-vijñāna: the Essence of Being    51
  •        Preliminary considerations * Tathagāta-garbha as essential, supramundane,
           pure dharma, and its contrast with the Hindu Ātman * Tathagata-garbha
           as embryo, and the dynamics of Buddhahood * Tathāgata-garbha
           as womb or matrix of Buddhahood * Conclusion
  • 1.2. The Five Skandhas: the Temporal Manifestation of Being79
           Introduction * Brief overview of the Ātman controversy prior to the
           Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra * Rūpa, or the formative elements of the five Skandhas
           * Nāma, or the formless elements of the five Skandhas * The Skandhas and
           the empirical self, or personality * The Skandhas and the trans-empirical
           Self, the Tathāgata * The five Skandhas and the denial of metaphysical
           dualities * Concluding remarks on the notion of Self and its varieties
  • 1.3. Dharmadhātu: the Spatial or Cosmic Dimension of Being117
           Introductory remarks * Dharmādhatu as cosmic Law: the fundamental
           structure of the universe * Dharmādhatu as universal Void: the ground
           of Being * Concluding observations

Part Two: Concepts of Knowing
  • 2.0. Buddhist Epistemology, Buddhist Dialectics135
           Truth, untruth, half-truth, "the truth" * The tetralemma logic: a thousand
           years of Buddhist dialectics * The early use of the tetralemma in the
           Pāli canon * Rationality and irrationality in Nāgārjuna's relativistic logic
           * Epistemology in the Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra: a radical critique of language,
           logic, and knowledge * Conclusions and preview of part two
  • 2.1. The Epistemological Reduction of the Citta-mātra (Mind-only) Doctrine169
  •        Preliminary considerations * Citta as the empirical mind
           * Citta as the transcendental Mind * Citta-mātra as explanation for the
           triple world (Tribhava) * Concluding words and the connection between
           Laṅkāvatāra and Zen
  • 2.2. From Mind to No-mind: the Transcendental Leap beyond Empirical
           Cognition    209
           * Introduction * The five Dharmas or epistemic categories * The three
           Svabhāvas or modes of cognition * The attainment of Āryajñāna:
           transcendental Wisdom or Gnosis * Concluding remarks
  • 2.3. The Conjunctive System of the Eight Vijñānas: the Integration of Both Mind
           and No-mind     States of Consciousness    237
           * Introductory remarks * Jñāna and Vijñāna: abstract intuition versus
           concrete knowledge * Khyāti- and Vastuprativikalpa-vijñāna:
           the perceptual and the object discriminating knowledge * The inner
           revolution (Parāvṛtti): the return to the tranquil state of
           pure consciousness (Ālaya-vijñāna) * Conclusion
  • 2.4. The Disjunctive Theory of Causation: Things are Neither this, Nor that,
           for They Are All Subject to Causes and Conditions (Hetu-pratyaya)    261
           * Introduction * The expansion of the relevance of causation: from the
           psychological to the cosmic-philosophical principle * Causation as a
           possible theoretical basis for a monistic view of the world * Causation as a
           teaching device * Excursus: highlighting Nāgārjuna's thought in respect to
           causation * The soteriological value of the theory of causation
           * Concluding observations

  • 3.0. Final Overview287
  •        Appendix295
  •        Notes323
  •        Bibliography357
  •        Index365
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