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Thought of Buddha Nature as Depicted in the Laṅkāvatārasūtra

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Citation	Sy, Nguyen Dac. "Thought of Buddha Nature as Depicted in the Laṅkāvatārasūtra." PhD diss., University of Delhi, 2012. https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/28355.

Contents

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• ABBREVIATIONS
• INTRODUCTION
  • General Introduction1
    • The Concept of the Buddha-nature4
    • The Individuality of the Buddha-nature5
      • The Tathāgatagarbha6
      • The Dharmakāya8
    • The Universality of the Buddha-nature10
    • Introduction to the Tathāgatagarbha literature15
    • Introduction to the Laṅkāvatārasūtra16
  • Clarification of the Topic24
    • Object of the present Study24
    • The Extent of Existing Studies on the Topic26
  • Scope and Method of The Research on the Topic Concerned28
    • Scope of the Research28
    • Research Methodology29
  • Plan of the Study29–33

• CHAPTER I: EVOLUTION OF THE BUDDHA-NATURE CONCEPT
  • I.1. Traces of the Buddha-nature in Early Buddhism34
  • I.1.1. The Buddha-nature and the Buddha’s Enlightenment35
  • I.1.2. The Buddha-nature and the Luminous Mind42
  • I.2. Buddha-nature in Mahāyāna Buddhism44
  • I.2.1. The Buddha-nature and Mādhyamaka45
  • I.2.2. The Buddha-nature and Yogācāra50–59

• CHAPTER II: THE BUDDHA-NATURE IN THE TATHĀGATAGARBHA LITERATURE60
  • II.1. The Early Period62
  • II.1.1. The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra63
  • II.1.2. The Srīmālāsūtra66
  • II.1.3. The Mahāparinirvānasūtra70
  • II.1.4. The Ratnagotravibhāgaśāstra75
  • II.1.5. The Anuttarāśrayasūtra78
  • II.1.6. The Other Texts79
  • II.2. The Middle Period81
  • II.2.1. Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra81
  • II.2.2.The Buddha-nature Treatise82
  • II.2.3. Mahāyānasaṃparigrāhaśāstra86
  • II.3. The Later Period89
  • II.3.1. The Laṅkāvatārasūtra89
  • II.3.2. The Awakening of Mahāyāna Faith89
  • II.3.3. The Gaṇḍavyūhasūtra92-94

• CHAPTER III: THE LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA AND HINDU PHILOSOPHY95
  • III.1. Āryadeva and the Laṅkāvatārasūtra96
  • III.1.1. Āryadeva and His Works96
  • III.1.2. Āryadeva and the Laṅkāvatārasūtra99
  • III.2. Six Hindu Philosophical Systems109
  • III.2.1. Sāṃkhya110
  • III.2.2. Yoga112
  • III.2.3. Nyāya113
  • III.2.4. Vaiśeṣika115
  • III.2.5. Mīmāṃsā116
  • III.2.6. Vedānta117
  • III.2.6.1. Vedānta philosophers117
  • III.2.6.2. Date of Vedānta121
  • III.3. The Buddha-nature and Brahman128-133

• CHAPTER IV: THE THOUGHT OF BUDDHA-NATURE IN THE LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA134
  • IV.1. Tathāgatagarbha and Ālayavijñāna: the Essence of Beings
  • IV.1.1. System of Consciousnesses135
  • IV.1.2. The Ālayavijñāna140
  • IV.1.3. Ālayavijñāna and Tathāgatagarbha144
  • IV.2. TATHĀGATAGARBHA AND ĀTMAN149
  • IV.3. BUDDHATĀ: THE ESSENCE OF THE BUDDHA154
  • IV.3.1. Beyond the Twofold Hindrance and Ego157
  • IV.3.2. Overcoming the Twofold Death159
  • IV.3.3. Cleansing the Twofold Group of Passions160
  • IV.4. THE BUDDHA-NATURE AS DHARMAKĀYA162
  • IV.4.1. Origin and Development of the Dharmakāya162
  • IV.4.2. Dharmakāya in the Laṅkāvatārasūtra167–173

• CHAPTER V: THE PRACTICE OF BUDDHA-NATURE IN THE LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA174
  • V.1. Sudden Enlightenment, Gradual Cultivation and the Revulsion175
  • V.1.1. Gradual Cultivation and Habit-energy175
  • V.1.1.1. Gradual Cultivation175
  • V.1.1.2. Habit-energy178
  • V.1.2. Sudden Enlightenment and Revulsion180
  • V.1.2.1. Sudden Enlightenment180
  • V.1.2.2. The Revulsion185
  • V.2. Self-Power and Other-Power189
  • V.2.1. Self-Power189
  • V.2.2. Other-Power197–205

• CHAPTER VI – FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE THOUGHT OF
  BUDDHA-NATURE IN CHINA206
  • VI.1. The Daosheng’s Thought of Buddha-Nature209
  • VI.1.1. Daosheng and the Nirvāṇa School209
  • VI.1.2. The Daosheng’s Doctrine of Buddha-nature212
  • VI.1.3. The Daosheng’s Doctrine of Sudden Enlightenment213
  • VI.1.4. Daosheng: The Theoretical Forerunner of Chan215
  • VI.2. The Buddha-Nature And Chan Buddhism216
  • VI.2.1. The Thought of Buddha-nature in Chan216
  • VI.2.2. Chan and the Laṅkāvatārasūtra244
  • VI.2.3. The Buddha-nature in Gongan and Mozhao Chan228
  • VI.3. The Buddha-Nature Thought in the Tiantai School235
  • VI.4. The Buddha-Nature Thought in the Huayan School239–245

• CONCLUSION246
  • Summation246
  • The Buddha-nature: Solution to Individual and Social Problems253
  • The Buddha-nature Today: A New Approach257–260

• BIBLIOGRAPHY261–284
• A GLOSSARY OF CHINESE CHARACTERS285–290

Descent into Laṅka Sūtra, a very influential text in East Asia and Nepal.

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tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

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dharmakāya - "Truth body" or "true being" — One of the three bodies of a buddha. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, it often refers to a kind of fundamental principle or the true nature of reality itself. Skt. धर्मकाय Tib. ཆོས་སྐུ་ Ch. 法身

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Mahāyāna - Mahāyāna, or the Great Vehicle, refers to the system of Buddhist thought and practice which developed around the beginning of the Common Era, focusing on the pursuit of the state of full enlightenment of the Buddha through the realization of the wisdom of emptiness and the cultivation of compassion. Skt. महायान Tib. ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ། Ch. 大乘

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Yogācāra - Along with Madhyamaka, it was one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Asaṅga and Vasubandhu around the fourth century CE, many of its central tenets have roots in the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra and the so-called third turning of the dharma wheel (see tridharmacakrapravartana). Skt. योगाचार Tib. རྣལ་འབྱོར་སྤྱོད་པ་ Ch. 瑜伽行派

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An important sūtra source for the Ratnagotravibhāga, particularly for its discussion of the nine examples that illustrate how all sentient beings possess buddha-nature.

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Brahman - Brahman is the universal principle, supreme truth or ultimate reality in the Hindu religion considered to be absolute, eternal and blissful. A metaphysical concept, it is described as the single binding unity behind the diversity of all that exists. In Buddhism, while this metaphysical principle is not presented, one finds frequent mention of the deity named Brahmā, who is the personification of this principle. Skt. ब्रह्मन् Tib. ཚངས་པ།

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ālayavijñāna - A neutral base consciousness that is posited as the storehouse for the seeds of past karmic actions in which they remain in a latent state until the circumstances arise for them to ripen as karmic consequences. Skt. आलयविज्ञान Tib. ཀུན་གཞིའི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ Ch. 阿賴耶識,藏識

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