Difference between revisions of "Glossary"

Revision as of 17:20, 1 May 2018

'jog sgom Skt. स्थाप्यभावना Tib. འཇོག་སྒོམ་

Tibetan · Noun

Basic Meaning: This is the meditation of directly observing the mind without engaging in any analytical or intellectual activity. (Thrangu Rinpoche, Transcending Ego, 102).

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AA

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Abhisamayālaṃkāra

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AAvivṛti

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Abhisamayālaṃkāravivṛti

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AAvṛtti

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Abhisamayālaṃkāravṛtti

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AAĀ

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Abhisamayālaṃkārālokā

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abhidharma Skt. अभिधर्म Tib. ཆོས་མངོན་པ། Ch. 阿毗达磨

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: Abhidharma generally refers to the corpus of Buddhist texts which deals with the typological, phenomenological, metaphysical, and epistemological presentation of Buddhist concepts and teachings. The abhidharma teachings present a meta-knowledge of Buddhist sūtras through analytical and systemic schemas and are said to focus on developing wisdom among the three principles of training. The Abhidharma is presented alongside Sūtra and Vinaya as one of the three baskets of the teachings of the Buddha.

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actualized enlightenment Ch. 始覺

Chinese · Noun

Basic Meaning: Actualized enlightenment is enlightenment that is attained through practice. It is contrasted with original enlightenment, which is the mind's innate purity in its natural state. Ultimately, there is no difference between them. Because of the presence of ignorance, sentient beings are blind to their true nature. By removing that ignorance, one actualizes enlightenment.

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advaya Skt. अद्वय Tib. གཉིས་མེད་ Ch. 不二

Sanskrit · Adjective

Basic Meaning: Literally, "without duality," it refers to that which is indivisible, in that it is not divided into two.

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AK

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Abhidharmakośakārikā

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AKBh

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Abhidharmakośabhāṣya

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AKVy

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Abhidharmakośavyākhyā

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AkṣN

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Akṣayamatinirdeśasūtra

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amalavijñāna Ch. 啊摩羅識, 無垢識

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: The ninth consciousness, the immaculate pure mind.

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AMS

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Aṅgulimālīyasūtra

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Anuyoga Skt. अनुयोग Tib. ཨ་ནུ་ཡོ་ག

Sanskrit · School

Basic Meaning: The second set of the three inner tantras and the eighth of the nine vehicles according to the Nyingma tradition. Anuyoga includes many yogini tantras and focuses on the Completion Stage practices of sacred channels, energies and essential fluids and espouses the actualisation of empty bliss.

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anātman Skt. अनात्मन् Tib. བདག་མེད་པ་ Ch. 无我

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: The nonexistence of the self as a permanent, unchanging entity.

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AOH

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Acta Orientalia (Budapest)

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AP

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Asian Philosophy

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arhat Skt. अर्हत् Tib. དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ། Ch. 阿羅漢

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: A person who has reached nirvāṇa by eliminating the three poisons of attachment, hatred and ignorance having followed the path of seeking individual liberation as a Śrāvaka or a Pratyekabuddha. An arhat, thus, is a person who has overcome the cause of rebirth in the cycle of existence and will not take an ordinary birth again.

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ARIRIAB

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University

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AS

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Asiatische Studien

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Atiyoga Skt. अतियोग Tib. ཨ་ཏི་ཡོ་ག, ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣལ་འབྱོར།

Sanskrit · School

Basic Meaning: A system of esoteric thought and practice associated with the Nyingma tradition and equivalent to Great Perfection, it is considered as the pinnacle of the nine vehicles or paths one can follow to reach Buddhahood. The system focusses on the pure, luminous and empty nature of the mind as the ground reality which must be realised through the path of trekchö and thögal practice.

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AU

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Amṛtakaṇikodyotanibandha

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avidyā Skt. अविद्या Tib. མ་རིག་པ་ Ch. 無明

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: Literally "unknowing," it refers to a lack of knowledge or misunderstanding of the nature of reality. As such, it is considered to be the root cause of suffering and the basis for the arising of all other negative mental factors.

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Aṣṭa

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā

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BA

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: The Blue Annals

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BA (Tib)

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Deb ther sngon po

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BCA

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Bodhicaryāvatāra

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BCAP

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Bodhicaryāvatārapañjikā

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BCRD

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: The Buddhist Canons Research Database a project of the American Institute of Buddhist Studies (AIBS) and the Columbia University Center for Buddhist Studies (CCBS) http://databases.aibs.columbia.edu/

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BDRC

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Buddhist Digital Resource Center https://www.tbrc.org/

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BEFEO

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Bulletin d'École Française d'Extrême-Orient

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BhK I

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Bhāvanākrama I

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BHSD

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, Vol. 2

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BHSG

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, Vol. 1

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bhūmi Skt. भूमि Tib. ས་

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: A plateau of spiritual development.

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Bobh

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Bodhisattvabhūmi

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bodhi Skt. बोधि Tib. བྱང་ཆུབ་ Ch. 菩提, 悟, 覺

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: Enlightenment or awakening. In Tibetan it is translated as "purified" (byang) and "perfected" (chub), which corresponds to Siddhartha Gautama's achievement of purifying all obscurations and perfecting or attaining all qualities associated with a buddha.

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bodhicitta Skt. बोधिचित्त Tib. བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས། Ch. 菩提心

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: The altruistic thought to seek enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. It is said to have two aspects: compassion aimed at sentient beings and their problems and the wisdom of enlightenment as the solution.

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bodhigarbha Skt. बोधिगर्भ Tib. བྱང་ཆུབ་སྙིང་པོ་

Tibetan · Noun

Basic Meaning: An alternative term for tathāgatagarbha found in early Nyingma sources. Though it is back-translated as bodhigarbha, this term does not seem to be found in Sanskrit sources. However, in other contexts, the Tibetan byang chub snying po is often used to translate the Sanskrit term bodhimaṇḍa, which is often translated as the "seat of enlightenment."

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Bodhisattva Skt. बोधिसत्त्व Tib. བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ། Ch. 菩薩

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: A person who seeks enlightenment for the sake of others. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, a Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who is training on the path to Buddhahood and aspires to eliminate the suffering of all beings and take all sentient beings to the state of enlightenment. The Mahāyāna sūtras including those on buddha-nature generally have Bodhisattvas as the main audience or interlocutors for the Buddha's discourses.

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BPPB

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Bibliotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica

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Brahman Skt. ब्रह्मन् Tib. ཚངས་པ།

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: Brahman is the universal principle, supreme truth or ultimate reality in the Hindu religion considered to be absolute, eternal and blissful. A metaphysical concept, it is described as the single binding unity behind the diversity of all that exists. In Buddhism, while this metaphysical principle is not presented, one finds frequent mention of the deity named Brahmā, who is the personification of this principle.

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BSOAS

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

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buddhadhātu Skt. बुद्धधातु Tib. སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཁམས་ Ch. 佛性

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: A synonym for tathāgatagarbha widely used throughout the East Asian Buddhist traditions, as found in its translations as the Chinese term fó xìng and Japanese term busshō.

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byams chos sde lnga Tib. བྱམས་ཆོས་སྡེ་ལྔ་

Tibetan · Text

Basic Meaning: This refers to a series of five texts that, according to the Tibetan tradition, Asaṅga received directly from Maitreya in the pure realm of Tuṣita.

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bīja Skt. बीज Tib. ས་བོན་ Ch. 無漏種

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: A seed, commonly used figuratively in the sense of something which has the potential to develop or grow, and likewise as the basic cause for this development or growth.

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CAJ

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Central Asiatic Journal

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Caturmudrā

· Abbreviation

Basic Meaning: Caturmudrāviniścaya

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Cittamātra Skt. चित्तमात्र Tib. སེམས་ཙམ་

Sanskrit · Noun

Basic Meaning: Though it is sometimes used synonymously with Yogācāra, it is in fact one of the more prominent philosophical theories associated with this school. It asserts that the objects in the external world with which we interact are actually mentally created representations appearing as those objects. The character of these perceptions is predetermined by our own karmic conditioning that is stored in the ālayavijñāna.

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