The Bibliography/Journal Articles

• Ahmad, Zahiruddin. "The Womb of the Tathāgata or Buddhist Monism." Journal of The Oriental Society of Australia 15/16, 1983-84. pp 27-44.
• Bailey, V.H. & E.H. Johnston. "A Fragment of the Uttratantra in Sanskrit." Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies 8, (1935): 77-89.
• Burchardi, Anne. "A Provisional List of Tibetan Commentaries on the Ratnagotravibhāga." Tibet Journal 31, no. 4 (Winter 2006): 3-46.
• Burchardi, Anne, "How Can a Momentary and Conditioned Mind Be Integral to Gzhan Stong?." Journal of Buddhist Philosophy 2, (2016): 55-77.
• Chen, Shuman. "Chinese Tiantai Doctrine on Insentient Things' Buddha-Nature." Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal 24, (2011): 71-104.
• Duckworth, Douglas. "Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature." Journal of the American Academy of Religion vol. 82, no. 4, (2014): 1070–1090.
• Duckworth, Douglas. "Grounds of Buddha-Nature in Tibet." 불교학리뷰 Critical Review for Buddhist Studies 21, (2017): 109-136.
• D'Amato, Mario. "Can all Beings Potentially Attain Awakening? Gotra-theory in the Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra." Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 26, no. 1 (2003): 115-138.
• Gimello, Robert M. "Apophatic and Kataphatic discourse in Mahayana: A Chinese View." Philosophy East and West, 26, no 2, (1976): 117-136.
• William Grosnick, "Nonorigination and nirvana in the early tathagatagarbha literature", JIABS 4.2 (1981): 33-43.
• Groves, Nicholas. "Image-Likeness and ‘Tathāgatagarbha:’ A Reading of William of St. Thierry’s ‘Golden Epistle’ and the ‘Ratnagotravibhāga’." Buddhist-Christian Studies 10, (January 1, 1990): 97-117.
• Higgins, David. "On the rDzogs chen Distinction between Mind (sems) and Primordial Knowing (ye shes): Clarifications and Transcendental Arguments." Journal of Buddhist Philosophy 2, (2016): 23-54.
• Kano, Kazuo. "Hōshōronchū kenkyū (1)—Phya pa niyoru hōshōron 1.26 kaishaku—(Study of Commentaries of the Ratnagotravibhāga (1)—Phya pa's Interpretation of the Verse 1.26)". Indogaku Bukkyōgaku Kenkyū 51, no. 2 (2003): 109-11.
• Kano, Kazuo, "rṄog Blo ldan śes rab's position on the Buddha-nature doctrine and its influence on the early gSaṅ phu tradition," Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 32, no. 1-2 (2009) 2010: 249-283.
• Kano, Kazuo, "Ratnākaraśānti's Understanding of Buddha-nature," China Tibetology 25 (2015): 52-77.
• Kano, Kazuo, "Exegeses of the Ratnagotravibhāga in Kashmir in the 11th and 12th Century," Kōyasandaigaku daigakuin kiyō 15 (2016): 1-23.
• King, Sallie B, "Buddha Nature and the Concept of Person," Philosophy East and West 39, no 2 (1989): 151-170.
• Komarovski, Yaroslav, “Reburying the Treasure—Maintaining the Continuity: Two Texts by Shakya Chokden on the Buddha-Essence.” Journal of Indian Philosophy 34, no. 6 (2006): 52-570.
• Komarovski, Yaroslav, "Shakya Chokden’s Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhāga: “Contemplative” or “Dialectical”?" Journal of Indian Philosophy 38, no. 4 (2010): 441-452.
• Komarovski, Yaroslav, "From the Three Natures to the Two Natures: On a Fluid Approach to the Two Versions of Other-Emptiness from Fifteenth-Century Tibet," Journal of Buddhist Philosophy 2 (2016): 78-113.
• Mano, Ryukai, "Tathagata in Haribhadra's commentary", Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 32 (1968): 968-975.
• Mathes, Klaus-Dieter, "'Gos Lo tsa ba gZhon nu dpal’s Commentary on the Dharmata Chapter of the Dharmadharmatavibhagakarikas.” Studies in Indian Philosophy and Buddhism, Tokyo University 12 (2005): 3-39.
• Mathes, Klaus-Dieter, "'Gos Lo tsā ba gZhon nu dpal's Extensive Commentary on and Study of the Ratna-gotravibhāgavyākhyā". In Religion and Secular Culture in Tibet, 79-96. Proceedings of the Ninth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies (PIATS), Leiden, 2000. Brill's Tibetan Studies Library vol. 2, bk. 2 . Leiden : Brill, 2002.
• Mathes, Klaus-Dieter, "Taranatha's Twenty-One Differences with Regard to the Profound Meaning," Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 27, no. 2 (2004): 285-328.
• Mathes, Klaus-Dieter, "Introduction: The History of the Rang stong-Gzhan stong Distinction from Its Beginning through the Ris-med Movement," Journal of Buddhist Philosophy 2 (2016): 4-8.
• Mathes, Klaus-Dieter, "Presenting a Controversial Doctrine in a Conciliatory Way: Mkhan chen Gang shar dbang po's (1925-1958/59?) Inclusion of Gzhan Stong ("Emptiness of Other") within Prāsaṅgika," Journal of Buddhist Philosophy 2 (2016): 114-13.
• Mathes, Klaus-Dieter, "The Eighth Karmapa Mi bskyod rdo rje (1507-1554) on the Relation between Buddha Nature and its Adventitious Stains." Critical Review for Buddhist Studies 22 (2017. 12), 63-104.
• Mathes, Klaus-Dieter, "Did ‘Gos Lo tsā ba gZhon nu dpal (1392-1481) Espouse a gZhan sTong View?." In: Fifteenth Century Tibet: Cultural Blossoming and Political Unrest. LIRI Seminar Proceedings Series 8. Lumbini: LIRI, 2017, 291-311.
• Obermiller, E., tr., Uttaratantra or Ratnagotra-vibhāga: The Sublime Science of the Great Vehicle to Salvation, Being a Manual of Buddhist Monism: The Work of Ārya Maitreya with a Commentary by Āryāsaṅga, Acta Orientalia 9 (1931): 81-306. Translated from the Tibetan with introduction and notes.
• Ogawa, Ichijo, "With regard to the thought of Tathagatagarbha (Buddha-dhatu) in Indian Mahayana Buddhism" (summary). Tohogaku (ToG) 30 (1965): 10-11.
• Ruegg, David Seyfort, "The Meanings of the Term 'Gotra' and the Textual History of the 'Ratnagotravibhāga'." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 39, no. 2 (January 1, 1976): 341-363.
• Ruegg, David Seyfort, "On the dGe Lugs Theory of the Tathāgatagarbha," in Pratidānam. J.C. Heesterman (ed.), The Hague: Mouton, 1968; 500-509.
• Sharf, Robert H. "Buddha-nature and Early Chan." Paper presented at "Tathāgatagarbha of Buddha-nature Thought: Its Formation, Reception, and Transformation in India, East Asia, and Tibet" conference, Seoul, Korea, August 6-7, 2016.
• Schmithausen, Lambert, "Philologische Bemerkungen zum Ratnagotravibhāga." Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens 15 (1971): 123-77.
• Schmithausen, Lambert, "Zu D. Seyfort Rueggs Buch 'La Théorie du Tathāgatagarbha et du Gotra (Besprechungsaufsatz)." Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens 22 (1973): 123-60.
• Smyer Yü, Dan, "The Sentient Reflexivity of Buddha Nature: Metamorphizing Tathagatagarbha." The World Religious Cultures, 14, 年第6期 世界 文化 宗教 (2012): 13-22.
• Takasaki, Jikidō, "The Tathagatotpattisambhavanirdesa of the Avatamsaka and the Ratnagotravibhaga", Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) JIBSt 7.1 (1958): 48-53.
• Takasaki, Jikidō, "A comment on the term arambana in the Ratnagotravibhaga I.9", Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) JIBSt 10.2 (1962): 26-33.
• Takasaki, Jikidō, "The Tathāgatagarbha Theory Reconsidered: Reflections on Some Recent Issues in Japanese Buddhist Studies." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) JIBSt 27, no. 1-2 (2000): 74-83.
• Turenne, Philippe, "The History and Significance of the Tibetan Concept of the Five Treatises of Maitreya." Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies 16 (2015): 215-233.
• Wang, Youru, "Reification and Deconstruction of Buddha Nature in Chan Chinese". Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy Vol. III, no. 1 (2003): 63-84.
• Wangchuk, Tsering, "Can We Speak of Kadam Gzhan Stong?: Tracing the Sources for Other-Emptiness in Early-Fourteenth-Century Tibet." Journal of Buddhist Philosophy 2 (2016): 9-22.
• Wangchuk, Tsering, "In Defense of His Guru: Dratsepa’s Rebuttal to the Challenges Articulated by the Proponents of the Other-Emptiness Doctrine." Journal of Indian Philosophy, vol. 39, no. 2 (2011): 147-165.
• Wangchuk, Tsering, "Dolpopa and Gyaltsab Debate Tathāgatagarbha: Two Distinct Interpretations of Buddha Nature in Tibet." Religion Compass 4, no. 11, (2010): 669-678.

These are the root verses of the Uttaratantra attributed to Maitreya by the Tibetan tradition.

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dhātu - A fundamental component or essential constituent. Skt. धातु Tib. ཁམས་ Ch. 界

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tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

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